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Public Communications
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Guidelines for choosing a topic
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Speech 2nd Qtr
Mrs. DeDe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Public Communications | One person speaking to many, limited feedback. The first task in preparing your speech is to choose and develop your topic. |
| Guidelines for choosing a topic | Choose a topic early, that intrest you and one that you know something about. |
| Three basic general purposes for speaking: | Entertain, inform and persuede |
| Entertain | Relax an audience by providing them with a pleasant listening experience |
| Inform | To enlighten your audience by teaching them something. |
| Persuede | To move your audience toward a new attitude or behavior. |
| Eulogy | A speech of praise that is delivered in honor or commemoration of someone living or deceased. |
| What a eulogy does: | A eulogy commends and lifts up the finer qualities and characteristics of the individual. |
| Eulogies are not: | The time to dwell upon sortcomings or mistakes. |
| Purpose statement: | A complete sentence that describes what you want your speech to accomplish. (Your purpose statement is not delivered to your audience) |
| Thesis (thematic) statement: | The central idea of your speech, usually found in the first paragraph and delivered to the audience. |
| The basic structure of a speech includes: | Introduction, body and conclusion. |
| The three components in analyzing the speaker situation are: | The speaker, audience and the occasion. |
| Analysis of the speaker (self-analysis) includes: | Your purpose for speaking (what you want to accomplish) Your feelings about yourself in th especific speaking situation and your uniqu knowledge and experience. |
| Analysis of the audience includes: | Audience type (captive or volunteer) Audience purpose for gathering, Demographics (age, gender, education, group membership etc), Attitudes, beliefs, values. |
| Analysis of the occasion includes: | Time (space in time, amount of time to speak, time of day) Space (Surroundings, physical space) Audience expectations (the speech should fit the occasion) |
| Gathering information for your speech- Research resources include: | Library, library personnel, reference works, periodicals, databases, personal observations, surveys, interviews, electronic media/audio visuals. |
| Outline | A planned sequence for reaching the goals of a speech. |
| Organizing your points in a logical order should be in a pattern that best develops your thesis: | Time pattern, space pattern, Topic pattern, problem solution pattern. |
| Four main functions of the introduction: | Capture the atention of the audience, preview the main points, set the mood or tone of your speech and demonstrate the importance of the topic to your audience. |
| Main functions of the conclusion: | Review the thesis, summarize the main points and make effective final remarks. |
| During the conclusion of your speech your audience will tend to: | Listen more carefully as your speech draws to a close so consider what you say at the end of your speech as important. |
| Types of supporting material (Two general catagories include) | Verbal support: analogies, comparison/contrast, anecdotes, examples, testimony, quotes and statistics. Also visual support as in visual aids. |
| Rules/guidelines for visual aides: | Practice before giving speech (Simplicity, size, appropriateness, reliability and attractiveness) |
| Visual aides should: | Enhance understanding, Add visual variety, and help the message have a lasting impact. |
| Types of delivery: | Extemporaneous, Impromptu, Manuscript, and Memorized. |
| Extemporaneous | A speech planned in advance but presented in direct, conversational manner. (The type of delivery most recommended for the inexperienced speaker) |
| Impromptu | A speech givien without any preparation and on the spur of the moment; on the top of one's head. |
| Manuscript | A speech that is read word-for-word from a prepared text. |
| Memorized | A speech that is learned and delivered by rote and without a written text. |
| Two rules of public speaking/presentations that help overcome nervousness: | Practice (rehearse) and preparation (Analysis of speaker, audience, occasion, create an outline, and develop visual and verbal support.) |
| Two types of stage freight: | Debilitative and Facilitative |
| Debilitative | An intense level of anxiety resulting in poor performance. |
| Facilitative | A moderate level of anxiety, can help improve a speakers performance. |
| Anecdote | A story or illustration. |
| Attending | The process of focusing on certain stimuli from the environment. |
| Attitude | A predisposition to respond to an idea, person or thing favorably or unfavorably. |
| Audience analysis Definition: | A consideration of characteristics including audience type, goals, demographics, beliefs attitudes and values of listeners. |
| Audience types: | Apathetic audience, Friendly audience, Hostile audience, and the Neutral audience. |
| Apathetic audience: | Audience that doesn't care and is indifferent to the speaker and cause. |
| Friendly audience | An audience that accepts the speaker or cause and or both. |
| Hostile audience | An audience that is opposed to the speaker or cause or both. |
| Neutral audience | An audience that is interested but not committed. |
| Auditory aspects of delivery: | Articulation, Pitch, Rate and volume. |
| Articulation | The process of pronouncing all the necessary parts of a word. |
| Pitch | The highness or lowness of one's voice. |
| Rate | The speed at which a speaker utters words. |
| Volume | The loudness of one's voice |
| Comparision/contrast | Demonstrates similarities and diferences. |
| Concise | To be clear and brief |
| Conclusion | The final structure of the speech, in which the main points are reviewed and final remarks are made to motivate the audience to act or help the listeners remember key ideas. |
| Two types of fromal speeches would be: | Manuscript and Memorized |
| Funeral celebrant | An individual who personalizes and designs meaningful funerals or tributes. |
| Introduction | The first structural unit of the speech, in which the speaker captures the attention of the audience and previews the main points to be covered. |
| Rhetorical question | A question that does not have to be answered by the audience. |
| Specific purpose | The precise effect that a speaker wants to have on an audience, expressed in the form of a purpose statement. |
| Stage freight: | Debilitative stage freight and Facilitative stage freight |
| Debilitative stage freight: | An intense level of anxiety about speaking before an audience, resulting in poor performance. |
| Facilitative stage freight | A moderate level of anxiety about speaking before an audience that helps improve the speakers performance. |
| Testimony | Quoting a famous person or an expert in his/her field. |
| Visual audio aid | Devices used in a speech presentation to illustrate , enhance or support ideas. |
Created by:
Dreil76