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Chapter 11
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| suffix meaning to secrete or separate | -crine |
| tissues and organs on which the hormones act | target organs |
| greek term meaning impulse or to set in motion, these may excite or inhibit a motion or an action | hormone |
| gland located at the base of the brain just below the hypothalamus, known as the master gland because it secretes many hormones that control or master other endocrine glands | pituitary gland/hypophysis |
| CF for pituitary gland | pituit/o |
| pituitary gland acts in response to ____, which is located below the thalamus in the brain and secretes releasing and inhibiting factors that affect the release of substances from the pituitary gland, produces ADH and oxytocin | hypothalamus |
| anterior lobe of the pituitary gland | adenohypophysis |
| CF for gland | aden/o |
| hormones released from the anterior pituitary gland are referred to as _____ because they cause their target organ to produce a second hormone | indirect-acting hormones |
| posterior lobe of the pituitary gland | neurohypophysis |
| hormones released from the posterior pituitary gland are sometimes referred to as ____ because they produce the desired effect directly in the target organ | direct-acting hormones |
| secretion from the anterior pituitary gland that augments growth and secretions of the thyroid gland | thyroid stimulating hormone TSH |
| secretion from the anterior pituitary gland that augments the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex | adrenocoricotropic hormone ACTH |
| secretion from the anterior pituitary gland that augments the secretion of estrogen and growth of egss in the ovaries and the production of sperm in the testes | follicle stimulating hormone FSH |
| CF for gamete producing gland | gonad/o |
| suffix meaning having an affinity for | -tropic |
| secretion from the anterior pituitary gland that augments oculation and aids in the maintenance of pregnancy in females | luteinizing hormone |
| CF for yellow | lute/o |
| secretion from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates testosterone secretion in males | interstitial cell- stimulating hormone ICSH |
| secretion from the anterior pituitary gland that augments milk secretion and influences maternal behavior | prolactin aka lactogenic hormone or luteotropin |
| CF for milk | lact/o |
| secretion from the anterior pituitary gland that accelerates body growth | growth hormone GH aka somatotropin |
| cf for body | somat/o |
| secretion from the anterior pituitary gland that augments skin pigmentation | melanocyte stimulating hormone MSH |
| secretion from the posterior pituitary gland that maintains water balance in the body to augment water reabsorption in the kidney | antidiuretic hormone ADH aka vasopressin |
| secretion from the posterior pituitary gland that stimulate uterine contractions during parturition and milk letdown from the mammary ducts | oxytocin |
| a butterfly shaped gland with the right and left lobes fused ventrally by an isthmus, locates on either side of the larynx and regulates metabolism, iodine uptake, and blood calcium levels | thyroid gland |
| CF for thyroid | thyr/o and thyroid/o |
| secretion from the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, abbr. T3 | triiodothyronine |
| secretion from the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, abbr. T4 | thyroxine |
| secretion from the thyroid gland that promotes the absorption of calcium from blood into the bones | calcitonin |
| four glands located on the surface of the thyroid gland that secrete parathyroid hormone | parathyroid gland |
| secreted by the parathyroid, PTH which helps regulate blood calcium and phosphorus levels | parathormone |
| CF for parathyroid gland | parathyroid/o |
| two small glands located cranial to each kidney, regulates electrolytes, metabolism, sexual functions, and the body's response to injury | adrenal glands |
| CF for adrenal gland | adren/o and adrenal/o |
| outer portion of the adrenal gland | adrenal cortex |
| inner portion of the adrenal gland | adrenal medulla |
| substance that has a specific chemical structure of carbon atoms in four interlocking rings | steroid |
| group of corticosteroids that regulates electrolyte and water balance by affecting ion transport in the kidney | mineralocorticoids |
| principal minerlocoricoid, which regulates sodium and potassium | aldosterone |
| group of corticosteroids that regulate carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; resistance to stress; and immunologic functioning | glucocorticoids |
| a glucocorticoid that regulates carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism | hydrocortisone cortisol |
| group of corticosteroids that aid in development and maintenance of male sex characteristics | androgens |
| CF for male | andr/o |
| suffix meaning producing | -gen |
| synthetic medications similar in structure to testosterone that are used to increase strength and muscle mass | anabolic steroids |
| prefix meaning up or excessive | ana- |
| Cf for throwing | bol/o |
| breakdown | catabolism |
| catecholamine that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and increases blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose | epinephrine aka. adrenaline |
| nitrogen-containing compounds that act as hormones or neurotransmitters | catecholamine |
| substance that stimulates blood vessel contraction and increases blood pressure | vasopressor |
| catecholamine that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and increases blood pressure, heart rate and blood glucose | norepinephrine aka noradrenaline |
| aggregation of cells located near that proximal duodenum that has both exocrine and endocrine function, involves the secretion of blood glucose-regulating hormones | pancreas |
| CF for pancreas | pancreat/o |
| specialized cells in the pancreas that secrete the hormones that regulate blood glucose | islets of langerhans |
| hormone that decreases blood glucose levels by transporting blood glucose into body cells or into storage as glycogen | insulin |
| main carbohydrate storage unit in animals | glycogen |
| hormone that increase blood glucose levels by breaking down glycogen | glucagon |
| gland predominant in young animals, located dorsal to the sternum, has an immunologic function through its role in maturation of t-lymphocytes | thymus |
| CF for thymus | thym/o |
| secretion from the thymus that augments maturation of t-lymphocytes | thymosin |
| aggregation of cells located in the central portion of the brain, functions in the secretion of hormones that affect circadian rhythm | pineal gland aka pineal body |
| CF for pineal gland | pineal/o |
| controls circadian rhythm and reproductive timing | melatonin |
| events occurring within a 24 hr. period | circadian |
| gamete producing glands | gonads |
| sex cell | gamete |
| CF for gonad | gonad/o |
| stimulates the gonads | gonadotropic hormones |
| secreted by the embryo and by the placenta, stimulates secretions of the ovary | human chorionic gonadotropin |
| hormone that aids in the development of secondary sex characteristics and regulates ovulation in females | estrogen |
| hormone that aids in the maintenance of pregnancy, secreted from the corpus luteum and placenta | progesterone |
| augments the developments of secondary sex characteristics, thought to be secreted from the ovaries and adrenal cortex in very small amounts | testosterone |
| blood analysis for cortisol levels after administration of synthetic adrenocoricotropic hormone, used to differentiate pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism from adreal dependent hyperadrenocorticim | ACTH stimulation test |
| laboratory technique used to determine the amount of a particular substance in a sample | assays |
| blood analysis for cortisol levels after administration of synthetic glucocorticoid, used to differentiate pituitary- dependent hyperadrenocorticism from adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism | dexamethasone suppression test aka dex suppresion test |
| analysis of thyroid function after induction of radioactive iodine has been given orally or intravenously | radioactive iodine uptake test |
| blood analysis for thyroid hormone levels after administration of synthetic thyroid stimulating hormone, used to differentiate pituitary dependent from thyroid dependent dysfunction | throid stimulation test |
| pertaining to artificially produced | synthetic |
| enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty | acromegaly |
| CF for extremities | acr/o |
| disorder caused by deficient adrenal cortex function | addison's disease aka. hypoadrenocorticism |
| disease of the adrenal glands | adrenopathy |
| disorder caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex resulting in electrolyte imbalance | aldosteronism |
| charge substance found in blood | electrolyte |
| disorder caused by excessive adrenal cortex production of glucocorticoid, resulting in increased urination, drinking, and redistribution of body fat | cushing's disease aka. hyperadrenocorticism |
| insufficient antidiuretic hormone production or the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH stimuli | diabetes insipidus |
| an agent, act, or influence that produces a reaction | stimulus |
| metabolic disorder of inadequate secretion of insulin or recognition of insulin by the body, resulting in increased urination, drinking, and weight loss | diabetes mellitus |
| abnormal condition of low pH accompanied by ketones | ketoacidosis |
| abnormal condition of low pH | acidosis |
| disease of the hormone producing system | endocrinopathy |
| condition of excessive mammary development in males | gynecomastia |
| condition of excessive gland secretion | hypercrinism |
| abnormally elevated blood glucose | hyperglycemia |
| abnormal condition of excessive hormone secretion by the sex glands | hypergonadism |
| disorder of excessive hormone that transports blood glucose to body cells | hyperinsuinism |
| abnormal condition of excessive parathyroid hormone secretion resulting in hypercalcemia | hyperparathyroidism |
| condition of excessive secretion of the pituitary gland | hyperpituitarism |
| condition of excessive thyroid hormone | hyperthyroidism |
| condition of deficient gland secretion | hypocrinism |
| abnormally low blood glucose | hypoglycemia |
| abnormal condition of deficient hormone secretion by the sex glands | hypogonadism |
| abnormal condition of deficient parathyroid hormone secretion resulting in hypocalcemia | hypoparathyroidsim |
| abnormally low levels of blood calcium | hypocalcemia |
| CF for calcium | calc/i |
| inflammation of the pituitary gland | hypophysitis |
| condition of thyroid hormone deficiency | hypothyroidsim |
| condition of normal thyroid function | euthyroidism |
| tumor of the islet of langerhans of the pancreas | insulinoma |
| inflammations of the pancreas | pancreatitis |
| tumor of the adrenal medulla resulting in increase secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine | pheochromocytoma |
| CF for dusky | phe/o |
| CF for color | chrom/o |
| CF for cell | cyt/o |
| disorder of the pineal gland | pinealopathy |
| any disorder of the pituitary gland | pituitarism |
| tumor of the thymus | thymoma |
| inflammation of the thyroid gland | thyroiditis |
| enlargement of the thyroid gland | thyromegaly |
| abnormal life-threatening condition of excessive, poisonous quantities of thyroid hormones | thyrotoxicosis |
| surgical removal or one or both adrenal glands | adrenalectomy |
| administration of radioactive iodine to suppress thyroid function | chemical thyroidectomy |
| surgical removal of the pituitary gland | hypophysectomy |
| surgical removal of a lobe or well defined portion of an organ | lobectomy |
| surgical removal of the pancreas | pancreatectomy |
| surgical incision into the pancreas | pancreatotomy |
| surgical removal of one or more parathyroid glands | parathyroidectomy |
| surgical removal of the pineal gland | pinealectomy |
| surgical removal of the thymus | thymectomy |
| surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland | thyroidectomy |
Created by:
sasegal2