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Linux + Chapter 3
Exploring Linux Filesystems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absolute pathname | The full pathname to a certain file or directory, starting from the root directory |
| Home directory | A directory on the file system set aside for users to store personal files and information |
| ~ (metacharacter) | a metacharacter used to represent a user's home directory |
| pwd | A Linux command used to display the current directory in the directory tree. |
| cd | change directory. If you do not specify a destination directory, the cd command returns you to your home directory. |
| Relative pathname | The pathname of a target directory relative to your current directory in the tree. |
| Linked files | files that have an association with one another; they can represent the same data or they can point to another file. |
| Special device files | A file used to identify hardware devices such as hard disks and serial ports. |
| Named pipe files | A file used to identify a channel that passes information from one process in memory to another. |
| Socket file | A named pipe connecting processes on two different computers; it can also be represented by a file on the file system. |
| Filenames | The user-friendly identifier given to a file. Can include up to 255 characters, but usually are not longer than 20 characters. |
| ls | The most common method for displaying files. The ls command displays all the files in the current directory in columnar format. |
| . (period character) | Refers to the current working directory. |
| .. (double-period character) | Refers to the parent directory relative to your current location in the directory tree. |
| ls -a | Option to the ls command that lists all file names. |
| -l | Lists file names in long format. |
| -R | Lists file names in the specified directory and all sub-directories. |
| -r | Lists file names reverse sorted. |
| * | Wildcard metacharacter that matches 0 or more characters in a file name. |
| ? | Wildcard metacharacter that matches 1 character in a file name. |
| [aegh] | Matches 1 character in a file name as specified within the brackets. |
| [a-e] | Matches 1 character in a file name - provided this character is either an a, b, c, d, or e. |
| [!a-e] | Matches 1 character in a file name - provided this character is not an a, b, c, d, or e. |
| cat command | Stands for concatenation. The joining of text to make one larger whole. In Linux, words and strings of text are joined together to form a displayed file. |
| tac command | Displays a file on the screen, beginning with the last line of the file and ending with the first line of the file. |
| Head command | displays the first 10 lines of a text file. |
| Tail command | Displays the last 10 lines of a text file. |
| More command | A Linux command used to display a text file page-by-page and line-by-line on the terminal screen. |
| Less command | A Linux command used to display a text file page-by-page on the terminal screen; users can then use the cursor keys to navigate the file. |
| Strings command | This command searches for text characters in a binary file and outputs them to the screen. |
| od command | Displays the content of the file in octal format (numeric base 8) |
| Regular expressions (regexp) | Special metacharacters used to match patterns of text within text files; they are commonly used by text tool commands, including grep. |
| grep command | Short for "global regular expression print" is used to display lines in a text file that match a certain common regular expression. |
| egrep command | to display lines of text that match extended regular expressions. |
| fgrep command | Only searches extended expressions and is faster than the grep command. |
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