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med-term10
musculoskeletal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ankylosis | stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) | painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass) |
| Claudication | lameness, limping |
| Contracture | fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint |
| Crepitation | dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction |
| Electromyography | use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction |
| Exacerbation | increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms |
| Ganglion cyst | tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist |
| Hemarthrosis | effusion of blood into a joint cavity |
| Hypotonia | loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching |
| Multiple myeloma | primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow |
| Osteophyte | bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord also called bone spur |
| Phantom limb | perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists |
| Prosthesis | replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity |
| Rickets | form of osteomalacia in children caused by Vitamin D deficiency, also called rachitis |
| Sequestrum | fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue |
| Spondylolisthesis | any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it |
| Spondylosis | degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues |
| Sprain | tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete (heals poorly b/c of little blood supply) |
| Strain | to extert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular |
| Subluxation | partial or incomplete dislocation |
| Talipes equiovarus | congential deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side, also called clubfoot – heel never rests on ground. Apply casts to prog. Straighten foot, surgery. |
| Arthrography | series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, esp the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint |
| Bone density tests | radiographic procedures that use low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD) – two types – bone densitometry (DEXA or DXA) and CT |
| CT | one of the most sensitive studies for early detection of joint disease |
| Discography | radiological exam of the intervertebral disk structures by injecting a contrast medium |
| Lumbosacral spinal radiography | radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including the anteroposterior, lateral and oblique views of the lower spine – used for lower back pain – ID traumatic fractures, spondylosis, spondylolisthesis, and metastatic tumor. |
| Myelography | radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions |
| Scintigraphy | nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide. (areas of uptake called hot spots) |
| Bone scintigraphy | scintigraphy procedure in which radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone – detect arthritis, fractures, osteomyelitis, cancers, or bony metastses. Hot spots are abnormal and may be infection or cancer. |
| Reduction | procedure that restores a bone to its normal position |
| Closed reduction | reduction procedure where fractured bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery |
| Open reduction | reduction procedure that treats bone fractures by placing the bones in their proper position using surgery |
| Casting | application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or other material to a body part to immobilize it during the healing process |
| Splinting | application of an orthopedic device to an injured body part for immobilization, stabilization, and protection during the healing process. |
| Traction | use of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture and facilitate the healing process. |
| Amputation | partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease – most common reason is peripheral vascular disease caused by bflow blockage from cig. smoking, physical inactivity, or uncontrolled DM. |
| Arthrocentesis | puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid |
| Arthroclasia | surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement |
| Arthroscopy | visual exam of the interior of a joint using a thin flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiberoptic light, and mini camera that projects onto a monitor. Used to correct defects, excise tumors and obtain biopsies |
| Bone grafting | implanting or transplanting bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue. |
| Bursectomy | excision of bursa (padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of joints) |
| Laminectomy | excision of the posterior arch of a verebra (to relieve sx of a ruptured inervertebral disk) |
| Revision surgery | surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace a worn out prosthesis |
| Bone revision surgery | revision surgery are often required to correct bone infection, misalignments of bones, broken prosthesis, and fractures of the bone around the prostheses. |
| Sequestrectomy | excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone) |
| Synovectomy | excision of a synovial membrane |
| Total hip replacement | surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis. – replace femoral head (metal ball) and acetabulum (plastic stem). |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
| AE | above the elbow |
| AK | above the knee |
| BE | barium enema, below the elbow |
| BK | below the knee |
| C1, C2, | cervical vertebrae |
| Ca | calcium, cancer |
| CDH | congenital dislocation of the hip |
| CTS | carpal tunnel syndrome |
| DEXA, DXA | dual energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| DJD | degenerative joint disease |
| EMG | electromyography |
| Fx | fracture |
| MG | myasthenia gravis |
| HD | hemodialysis, hip disarticulation, hearing distance |
| HNP | herniated nucleus pulposus (herniated disk) |
| HP | hemipelvectomy |
| IS | intracostal space |
| IM | intramuscular, infectious mononucleosis |
| IV | intravenous |
| KD | knee disarticulation |
| L1, L2 | lumbar vertebrae |
| LS | lumbosacral spine |
| MS | musculoskeletal, multiple sclerosis, mental status, mitral stenosis |
| NSAIDs | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| ORTH, ortho | orthopedics |
| P | phosphorus, pulse |
| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis, right atrium |
| RF | rheumatoid factor, radio frequency |
| ROM | range of motion |
| SD | shoulder disarticulation |
| THA | total hip arthroplasty |
| THR | total hip replacement |
| TKA | total knee arthroplasty |
| TKR | total knee replacement |
| TRAM | transverse rectus abdominis muscle. |
Created by:
lisaseib