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CHM152C-E5
M5
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Le Châtelier’s principle | when a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed, it reacts in a way to counteract the disturbance. |
Arrhenius acid | a substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solution. |
Arrhenius base | a substance that produces OH− ions in aqueous solution. |
hydronium ion | H3O+, the ion formed from the association of a water molecule with an H+ ion donated by an acid. |
Bronsted-Lowry acid | a proton ( H+ion) donor. |
Bronsted-Lowry base | a proton acceptor. |
conjugate acid-base pair | Two substances related to each other by the transfer of a proton. |
Strong base | A base that completely dissociates in solution. |
weak acid | An acid that does not completely ionize in water. |
Weak base | A base that only partially ionizes in water. |
acid ionization constant(Ka) | The equilibrium constant for the ionization reaction of a weak acid; used to compare the relative strengths of weak acids. |
Autoionization | The process by which water acts as an acid and a base with itself. |
ion product constant for water or dissociation constant for water | The equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water. |
acidic solution | A solution containing an acid that creates additional H3O+ ions, causing [H3O+] to increase. [H3O+] is greater than 1.0 x 10^-7M |
basic solution | A solution containing a base that creates additional OH− ions, causing the [OH−] to increase. [H3O+] is less than 1.0 x 10^-7M |
pH | The negative log of the concentration of H3O+ in a solution; the pH scale is a compact way to specify the acidity of a solution. |
pOH | the negative log of the concentration of [OH−]; the pOH scale is analogous to the pH scale. |
Lewis acid | An atom, ion, or molecule that is an electron pair acceptor. |
Lewis base | An atom, ion, or molecule that is an electron pair donor. |
strong acid | An acid that completely ionizes in solution. |
Endothermic Reaction | A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings; for an endothermic reaction, ΔH > 0. |
Exothermic Reaction | A chemical reaction that releases heat to its surroundings; for an exothermic reaction, ΔH < 0. |