Question 1

After Maya gave her friend the password to a protected Web site, the friend was able to remember it only long enough to type it into the password box. In this instance, the password was clearly stored in her ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

short-term

Question 2

The extensive rehearsal necessary to encode nonsense syllables best illustrates

Accepted Answer

effortful processing.

Question 3

Students who review previously learned course material at various times throughout a semester to pass a comprehensive final are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

the spacing effect.

Question 4

At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she remembers only the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates

Accepted Answer

the serial position effect

Question 5

Employing the single word HOMES to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes best illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

a mnemonic device

Question 6

Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the

Accepted Answer

amygdala

Question 7

The happier Judie is, the more readily she recalls experiences with former teachers who were warm and generous. This best illustrates that emotional states can be

Accepted Answer

retrieval cues

Question 8

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates

Accepted Answer

proactive interference

Question 9

In an effort to remember how to spell “rhinoceros,” Samantha spells the word aloud 30 times. She is using a technique known as

Accepted Answer

rehearsal

Question 10

Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as

Accepted Answer

the spacing effect

Question 11

Shortly after hearing a list of items, people tend to recall the last items in the list especially quickly and accurately. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

a recency effect

Question 12

An understanding of the spacing effect provides insight into effective strategies for

Accepted Answer

rehearsal

Question 13

Combining individual letters into familiar words enables you to remember more of the letters in this sentence. This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

chunking

Question 14

Although Ron typically smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, he recalls smoking little more than a pack a day. This poor memory best illustrates

Accepted Answer

motivated forgetting

Question 15

To recall his early life experiences, Aaron formed vivid mental images of the various rooms in his childhood home. Aaron was applying the process of

Accepted Answer

priming

Question 16

A measure of your memory in which you need to pick the correctly learned answer from a displayed list of options is known as a measure of

Accepted Answer

recognition

Question 17

Some information in our fleeting ________ is encoded into short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

sensory memory

Question 18

The integration of new incoming information with knowledge retrieved from long-term memory involves the activity of

Accepted Answer

working memory

Question 19

Automatic processing occurs without

Accepted Answer

conscious awareness

Question 20

The effortful processing of information

Accepted Answer

can become automatic through practice

Question 21

The persistence of learning over time most clearly depends on

Accepted Answer

memory

Question 22

The process of encoding refers to

Accepted Answer

getting information into memory

Question 23

Storage is to encoding as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

retention; acquisition

Question 24

While taking the final exam in American history, Marie was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the first president of the United States. Her difficulty most clearly illustrates

Accepted Answer

retrieval failure.

Question 25

Semantic encoding refers to the processing of

Accepted Answer

meanings.

Question 26

Which procedure is used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie people's intelligence scores?

Accepted Answer

factor analysis

Question 27

Managers who want to foster creativity in the workplace should try to increase the ________ of their employees.

Accepted Answer

intrinsic motivation

Question 28

When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she effectively controls her own anger and responds with empathy to her sister's frustration regarding their dispute. Her behavior best illustrates

Accepted Answer

emotional intelligence.

Question 29

The widely used American revision of Alfred Binet's original intelligence test was developed by

Accepted Answer

Lewis Terman

Question 30

People who score high on intelligence tests exhibit

Accepted Answer

more neural plasticity and faster brain-wave responses to simple stimuli than do those with lower scores.

Question 31

A test designed to assess whether newly graduated medical students should be granted the legal right to practice medicine would most likely be considered a(n) ________ test.

Accepted Answer

achievement

Question 32

Before publishing her test of musical aptitude, Professor Reed first administered the test to a representative sample of people. This was most clearly necessary for test

Accepted Answer

standardization

Question 33

When retested on the WAIS, people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of

Accepted Answer

reliability.

Question 34

If course exams assess a student's mastery of a representative sample of course material, they are said to

Accepted Answer

have content validity

Question 35

Comparing the academic performance of those whose scores are extremely low on intelligence tests with those whose scores are extremely high is an effective way to highlight the tests'

Accepted Answer

validity

Question 36

Increasing years of schooling over the last half century have most likely contributed to

Accepted Answer

the Flynn effect

Question 37

The extent to which differences in intelligence among a group of people are attributable to genetic factors is known as the ______ of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

heritability

Question 38

Although diagnosed with autism and hardly able to speak coherently, 18-year-old Andrew can produce intricate and detailed drawings of scenes he has viewed only once. Andrew illustrates a condition known as

Accepted Answer

savant syndrome.

Question 39

Superior performance on the WAIS is most likely to be indicative of

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence

Question 40

University students who focus on the interest and challenge of their schoolwork rather than on simply meeting deadlines and securing good grades are especially likely to demonstrate

Accepted Answer

creativity

Question 41

The first modern test of intelligence was developed in

Accepted Answer

France

Question 42

A 6-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9-year-old was said to have a mental age of

Accepted Answer

9

Question 43

A high school counselor gave Amy a test designed to predict whether she could learn to become a successful architect. Amy most likely took a(n) ________ test.

Accepted Answer

aptitude

Question 44

Psychologists use ________ to assess individuals' mental aptitudes and compare them with those of others.

Accepted Answer

intelligence tests

Question 45

Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)

Accepted Answer

mental ability to learn from experience.

Question 46

L. L. Thurstone identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities, including word fluency, memory, and inductive reasoning. He claimed that word fluency

Accepted Answer

involves a different dimension of intelligence from that of reasoning.

Question 47

Howard Gardner identified a total of ________ intelligences.

Accepted Answer

eight

Question 48

Generating multiple possible answers to a problem illustrates

Accepted Answer

divergent thinking

Question 49

The concept of emotional intelligence is most likely to be criticized for

Accepted Answer

extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of skills

Question 50

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

an instinct

Question 51

Some students work hard in school to attain high grades. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

incentives

Question 52

A starving rat will lose all interest in food if its ________ is destroyed.

Accepted Answer

lateral hypothalamus

Question 53

The secretion of PYY _________ hunger and the secretion of orexin ________ hunger.

Accepted Answer

decreases; increases

Question 54

To lose some of the weight she gained from binge eating, Melissa uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of

Accepted Answer

bulimia nervosa.

Question 55

Over the past 50 years, the incidence of anorexia nervosa has steadily increased. This is most clearly attributable to

Accepted Answer

cultural ideals of beauty that increasingly encourage thinness.

Question 56

In a classic experiment, obese patients whose daily caloric intake was dramatically reduced lost only 6 percent of their weight. This limited weight loss was due, at least in part, to the fact that their dietary restriction led to a(n)

Accepted Answer

decrease in their metabolic rate.

Question 57

When asked what is most necessary for a happy and meaningful life, most people first mention the importance of satisfying their ________ needs.

Accepted Answer

belongingness

Question 58

A completely focused state of consciousness resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills is called

Accepted Answer

flow

Question 59

For each performance review, Professor Donnell is evaluated by her students, colleagues, department chair, and research assistants. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

360-degree feedback.

Question 60

Assessing the impact of different management styles on the motivation and productivity of employees best illustrates the professional concerns of

Accepted Answer

organizational psychology

Question 61

Managers who build teamwork and effectively mediate employee conflicts are said to excel in

Accepted Answer

social leadership

Question 62

By motivating us to satisfy our physical needs, hunger and thirst serve to

Accepted Answer

maintain homeostasis.

Question 63

Need is to ________ as drive is to ________.

Accepted Answer

food deprivation; hunger

Question 64

Orexin is an appetite hormone secreted by the

Accepted Answer

hypothalamus

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