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A R R T
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The embryo-fetus is most sensitive to the effects of radiation | 2-8 week |
| Much of the tissue differentiation of the embryo-fetus occurs during a process called | Organogenesis |
| Type of radiation detection device used to obtain absolute exposure measurements | Optically stimulated luminescence |
| In the expression LD 50/60 the 60 represents | percentage of exposed individual that are expected to die |
| The main reason tungsten is employed as principal material in a filament of an xray tube is its | high melting point |
| The autotransformer is best described as a | variable ratio transformer |
| Which collimated field will result in the smalled amount of exposed skin (20cm diameter circular field, or 20cm x 20cm square field)? | cicular is 31.4 (3.14 x 1/2 diameter) (1/2 diameter is radius) |
| Two elements commonly used for rare earth intensifying screens | Gadolinium, Lanthanum |
| In CR, xray energy is captured in a photosimulable phosphor as a series of electrons that are trapped in empty spaces in the crystal lattice called | Meta-stable F centers |
| A radiograph with an average optical density value of 3 is best described as being | overexposed |
| A patient is supine next to the IR for a abdomen exam, the CR is directed horizonally to at the level of the crests, this can be described as | dorsal decubitus abdomen |
| To best demonstrate SI joints in the AP Oblique position rotate the patient | 25 degrees |
| Because it size and vertical placement, the most common location for foreign body blockages of the respiratory tract is the | Right Primary bronchus |
| The surface area of the small intestine is increased by fingerlike projections called | villa |
| The ratio of the lethal dose of a drug to its effective dose is termed | therapeutic index |
| The main signs of a hypoglycemic reaction in a diabetic patient are | excessive sweating and dizziness |
| The time it takes a human cell to replicate betweeen mitotic events is termed | Cell-cycle time |
| The monthly effective dose equivalent limit must not exceed .05 rem (.5mSv) for 1. embryo-fetus 2. Preg Tech 3. Premature baby | 1 only |
| Hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide are 3 commond compounds formed when | saltwater is cytoplasm is irradiated |
| The principal function of a bucky tray cover on a R/F table is | reduction of exposure to operator |
| A change in normal proliferation rate or reproductive rate of a cell following an exposure to radiation or other stimulus is call | mitotic delay |
| During radiographic imaging of the urinary tract, which projection is most likely to result in the lowest exposure to the right kidney | AP projection |
| in the expression LD 50/60 the 50 represents | the percentage of exposed individuals expected to die |
| which of the normal tissues in the human body have the highest radiosensitivity to large irradiation | red bone marrow |
| the death of a cell following a large exposure to most likely related to | chemical disruption of the cell membrane |
| The metal collar that surrounds the filaments of most modern xray tubes serves to | compress the electron stream on to a smaller region of the focal tract |
| To match density using a 3 phase 6 pulse unit with a full wave single phase unit | mAs should be increase by 50 percent |
| The type of TV camera most often used in a modern digital fluoro chain is called | Charge-coupled device |
| a substantial increase in fluoro brightness levels can be accomplished by use of a special gas evacuated tube called | a image intensifier |
| The principal device used to determine the exposure rate of a Radiographic or Fluoro unit for quality control is | mR/mAs (ionization) meter |
| In an image intensifier, the exit beam is first converted to a electronic image on the surface of | the photo cathode layer |
| the difference in charge between the cathode and anode of a xray tube is termed | electical potential |
| The microswitches of an auto processor regulate | rate of solution replenishment |
| For an AP Lspine, considering Anode Heel effect, which side of the body do you want the anode? | Head |
| Cirrhosis of the Liver would require an increase/decrease of beam penetration | increase |
| Cancer of the Upper GI would require an increase/decrease of beam penetration | neither |
| If a radiologic technologist student visualizes a question that has the options A) 1 only B) 2 of these answers C) All of the above D) none of the above, the student will : | hate the question |
| In an image intensifier, the exit beam is first converted to a electronic image on the surface of | the photo cathode layer |
| the difference in charge between the cathode and anode of a xray tube is termed | electical potential |
| The microswitches of an auto processor regulate | rate of solution replenishment |
| For an AP Lspine, considering Anode Heel effect, which side of the body do you want the anode? | Head |
| Cirrhosis of the Liver would require an increase/decrease of beam penetration | increase |
| Cancer of the Upper GI would require an increase/decrease of beam penetration | neither |
| A radiograph is taken of a circular object measuring 10 cm in diameter is obtained at 100cm SID with 50cm of OID. The object size on the image will be | 20cm (IW = SID/SOD x OW) |
| A radiograph is taken of a homogeneous object; the resultant image is likely to demonstrate | little or no contrast |
| When radiographic images are preformed for an ongoing surgical procedure; eg., hip replacement, the mobile radiographic or digital fluorographic unit should be palce on the side opposite the surgical field to | avoid contamination with the surgical field. |
| As the wavelength of the photons in an xray beam are increased the | energy of the beam will decrease |
| A radiographic image of the petreous ridge is obtained in the axiolateral (Arcelin) projection. The ridge that is demonstrated is | Parallel and distal to the IR |
| Are you tired yet? | heck yeah 20 questions ago. |
| The radiographic visualization of an abnormal connection between two organs following the introduction of a iodinated contrast agent is termed | fistulography |
| The dome of the actabular cavity can be localized by finding the midpoint of a line drawn between the symphausis pubis and the | ASIS |
| The atlantoaxial joint of the cervical region serves to permit the (1 Anterior flexion of the head 2) Lateral flexion of the head 3) Rotation of the head | 3 only |
| An obstruction caused by the presence of stones in the renal pelvis or proximal urethra is termed | nephrolithiasis |
| The transparent outer covering of the eyeball is formed by a specialized dense connective tissue called the | Cornea |
| In the normal adult human the duodenal bulb is located in the | RUQ |
| Saliva from the parotid gland passes in the parotid duct where it ends | in the cheek opposite the second the second molars |
| The trachea divides in the main stem bronchi at the vertebra level of the | forth or fifth thoracic vertebra |
| The tissue of the spinal cord is encased in a canal that passes throught the vertebrae. Because of the relatively high mobility injuries are most common to the | Cervical and Lumar spines |
| The retention period for radiographic images is normally based on legal principles of the state where the images were produced called | Statues of limitations |
| Radiographic images are being obtained on a male patient who was in a MVA. Suddenly be begins to projectile vomit. This should be immediately reported to the RN or MD because is is often associated with | high intracranial pressure |
| The most common route by which GI disorders are spread is | contaminated food or water |
| The main function of a certal venous (Hickman) catheter is | Parenteral nutrition of the patient |
| Which of the following is a common type of NG or nasoenteric tube? Miler-Abbott, Levin, Cantor | All |
| A contrast agent that does not disassociate into charged particles when placed in a solution is called | non-ionic contrast agent |
| The estimation of bone marrow dose appears to be the most important factor related to radiation induced | leukemia |
| When using a dual focus image intensifier tube, increasing the exposure rate would | increase the image brightness |
| Some effects of on fetuses receiving a dose equivalent 1 gray (100 rad) include | prenatal death, microcephaly , mental retardation |
| A dose equivalent greater than 2 gray (200 rad) to the gonads may cause temporary sterilization with about | 2 months of the exposure |
| Radiation induced skin cancer has a latent period of | 5-10 years |
| To test the accuracy of a electronic timer on a 3 phase machine, what device would be used | ballistic type kVp meter |
| In a high frequency xray unit, rapidly pulsed current is usually accomplished with a device called | a power inverter |
| The direct current impressed across the electrodes of a xray tube is used to | prevent movement of electrons from the anode to the cathode during the exposure cycle |
| The ability of an imaging system to display different size objects can be expressed by the | modulation transfer function |
| The way a CR reader handles the photostimulable screens is similar to a | daylight processing system |
| The removal of unexposed silver halide crystals from the film emulsion is done by the | fixer solution |
| The least commonly used grid is a | crossed grid |
| The process that is helpful for correcting patient motion during serial digital imaging is termed | pixel shifting |
| The anode heel effect which results in increased attenuation of the beam by the heel of the anode is created by | a variation in the exposure rate along the longitudinal axis of the beam |
| An over coating is applied to the gelatin of the xray film emulsion is not used to reduce which of the following (scratches, static artifacts, pressure artifacts, handling contamination | pressure artifacts |
| A smaller, lighter device that is now available to replace the image intensifier is called | flat panel image receptor |
| The Chassard-Lapine axial of the pelvis is used to | evaluate SI joints dislocations |
| For a Verticosubmental (Schueller) Projection of the nasal septum the CR should enter the top of the cranium perpendicular to | the IOML |
| Why is partial flexion of the knee used for a lateral of the knee? | maximizes the joint space |
| During a PA Oblique cardiac series with barium swallow, to demonstrate the heart and greater vessels turn the patient | 55-60 degrees away from the IR. |
| To demonstrate the broad surface of the ilum how would you position the patient | rotate unaffected side 40 degrees away from the IR. |
| To demonstrate the greater tubercle of the Humerus in the AP rotate | the arm laterally away from the body |
| To demonstrate the lesser tubercle of the Humerus in the AP rotate | the arm medially toward the body |
| The RPO is used in a BE to demonstrate | Left (splenic) colic flexure |
| The LPO is used in a BE to demonstrate | Right (hepatic) colic flexure |
| The ability of a biologic tissue to recover from a radiation exposure to the cells is dependent upon | total dose received by tissue, time frame of exposure, the number of fractions during which the dose is received |
| How is heat units used, determined? | mA x time x kV x (factor) single phase =1 three phase=1.35 hi frequency=1.41 |
| To avoid deterioration of the xray tube, the filament and anode must be made with material that has | a high thermionic emission rate |
| The software correction that occurs during preprocessing is performed to equalize the response of each pixel in a digital imaging system to a uniform xray beam is termed | flat fielding |
| If the induction motor of a rotating anode is broken but exposure are still made visual inspection of the anode may show | melting along the focal tract |
| In tomography is the arc is changed and the fulcrum level stays the same then | the tomographic layer will be thinner |
| Optical density can be defined as | numerical value of level of light incident upon an image to the amount of light transmitted through the film. |
| In order to reduce wear on ball bearings of the rotating anode, the amount of time for the anode to slow down (coast time) is reduced by | reversing the direction of the induction motor |
| in the expression LD 50/60 the 60 represents | the number of days |
| The entrance exposure dose from a 2 view CXR with a 400 speed IR is | 1-2 mrem |
| The annual effective dose limit for skin, hands, and feet is | 50 rem (500 mrem) |
| The minimum amount of diagnostic filtration for a fluoro unit is | 2.5mm aluminum equivalent |
| A noticeable reaction to the epidermal layer of skin exceeding about 25sV is | erythema |
| The unit of absorbed dose equal to the energy transfer of 100 ergs per gram to any matter is | Rad |
| The principal function of the high voltage transformer is | the production of the high potential difference needed to produce xrays |
| A dual focus tube will normally contain ____ filament(s) and _____ anode(s). | two filaments and a single anode |
| The ratio of the image to the object as function of spatial frequency is termed | modulation transfer function |
| The use of which of the following processes is useful in improving the converting power of the silver halide grains in a xray film emulsion | the use of tablet-like grains |
| The principal cause for the decreased amount of field coverage when a steep angled (7 degree) anode is used for a full field exposure is related to | greater absorption by the heel of the anode |
| The principal exposure factor that is most often adjusted to regulate contrast and exposure latitude is | kVp |
| A satisfactory Tspine radiograph is made 80 @ 30. If a second film is shot with the same technique but coned only to T10 the film will have | a lower optical density and an image with long scale contrast |
| If a tube has a 2mm focal spot, this value most closely corresponds to | effective (projected) focal spot |
| Tissue density is (inversely/equally) proportional to optical density | inversely |
| During the PA Waters projection a 37 degree angle is formed between the | OML and IR |
| The greatest potential risk for a neonate undergoing a PCXR is | hypothermia |
| Which projection of the foot projects the cuboid bone free of superimposition? | AP oblique with medial rotation |
| During imaging of the zygomatic arch using a tangential (SMV) projection. If the patient is erect with the IOML parallel to the IR, the CR should be directed perpendicular to the IR when the head is rotated | 15 degrees to the affected side. |
| Which body part with exhibit the highest overall tissue density for an equal tissue thickness? (knee, mastoid process, paranasal sinus, chest) | mastoid process |
| During imaging of the coccyx in the AP projection the CR should be angled 10 degrees caudal and directed | 5cm superior to the symphysis pubis |
| In the adult skull the immovable articulation between the parietal and temporal bones is called | Squamosal suture |
| The concentration of urine and tubular reabsorption of water and important electrolytes in the nephron of the kidney is accomplished by | the tubular structure called the Loop of Henle |
| The closed environment providing warmth, moisture, and oxygen for a premature infanct is most often provided by a device called an | isolette |
| The spread of microbes between patient and medical personnel is most frequently caused by | indirect contact by fomites |
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