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LA Summer Coursework
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abate | to reduce in amount, degree, intensity, etc.; lessen; diminish |
| Abdicate | Fail to fulfill or undertake (a responsibility or duty) |
| Aberration | the fact or an instance of deviating or being aberrant especially from a moral standard or normal state |
| Abhor | Regard with disgust and hatred |
| Abstain | Restrain oneself from doing or enjoying something |
| Adversity | Difficulties; misfortune |
| Aesthetic | pertaining to a sense of the beautiful or to the science of aesthetics. |
| Alliteration | the commencement of two or more words of a word group with the same letter, as in apt alliteration's artful aid. |
| Allusion | a passing or casual reference; an incidental mention of something, either directly or by implication |
| Amicable | (of relations between people) Having a spirit of friendliness; without serious disagreement or rancor |
| Anachronistic | pertaining to something or someone that is not in its correct historical or chronological time, especially a thing or person that belongs to an earlier time |
| Analogy | a similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparison may be based |
| Anecdote | a short account of a particular incident or event, especially of an interesting or amusing nature |
| Antagonist | the adversary of the hero or protagonist of a drama or other literary work |
| Antithesis | opposition; contrast |
| Arid | being without moisture; extremely dry; parched |
| Asylum | an institution for the maintenance and care of the mentally ill, orphans, or other persons requiring specialized assistance |
| Atmosphere | the prevailing tone or mood of a novel, symphony, painting, or other work of art |
| Assonance | rhyme in which the same vowel sounds are used with different consonants in the stressed syllables of the rhyming words |
| Ballad | a simple narrative poem of folk origin, composed in short stanzas and adapted for singing |
| Bandwagon Appeal | the belief that something should be done because the majority of people do it (or wish to do it) |
| Benevolent | desiring to help others; charitable |
| Bias | a particular tendency or inclination, especially one that prevents unprejudiced consideration of a question |
| Bibliography | a list of source materials that are used or consulted in the preparation of a work or that are referred to in the text |
| Biography | a written account of another person's life |
| Blank verse | unrhymed verse, especially the unrhymed iambic pentameter most frequently used in English dramatic, epic, and reflective verse |
| Boisterous | rough and noisy; noisily jolly or rowdy; clamorous; unrestrained |
| Brazen | shameless or impudent |
| Brusque | abrupt in manner; blunt; rough |
| Camaraderie | a spirit of familiarity and trust existing between friends |
| Canny | careful; cautious; prudent |
| Capacious | capable of holding much; spacious or roomy |
| Capitulate | to surrender unconditionally or on stipulated terms |
| Carpe Diem | seize the day; enjoy the present, as opposed to placing all hope in the future |
| Clairvoyant | having or claiming to have the power of seeing objects or actions beyond the range of natural vision |
| Climax | a decisive moment that is of maximum intensity or is a major turning point in a plot |
| Collaborate | to work, one with another; cooperate, as on a literary work |
| Compassion | a feeling of deep sympathy and sorrow for another who is stricken by misfortune, accompanied by a strong desire to alleviate the suffering |
| Compromise | a settlement of differences by mutual concessions; an agreement reached by adjustment of conflicting or opposing claims, principles, etc. |
| Condescending | showing or implying a usually patronizing descent from dignity or superiority |
| Conditional | imposing, containing, subject to, or depending on a condition or conditions; not absolute; made or allowed on certain terms |
| Conflict | a fight, battle, or struggle, especially a prolonged struggle that can be internal or external; strife |
| Conformist | a person who complies, especially unquestioningly, to the usual practices or standards of a group, society, etc. |
| Connotation | the associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression in addition to its explicit or primary meaning: A possible connotation of “home” is “a place of warmth, comfort, and affection.” |
| Convergence | concurrence of opinions, results, etc. or an act or instance of converging |
| Couplet | a pair of successive lines of verse, especially a pair that rhyme and are of the same length |
| Crisis | a condition of instability or danger, as in social, economic, political, or international affairs, leading to a decisive change |
| Deleterious | harmful; injurious |
| Demagogue | a person, especially an orator or political leader, who gains power and popularity by arousing the emotions, passions, and prejudices of the people |
| Denouement | the final resolution of the intricacies of a plot, as of a drama or novel |
| Dialect | a variety of a language that is distinguished from other varieties of the same language by features of phonology, grammar, and vocabulary, and by its use by a group of speakers who are set off from others geographically or socially. |
| Dialogue | conversation between two or more persons |
| Diction | the accent, inflection, intonation, and speech-sound quality manifested by an individual speaker |
| Digression | a passage or section that deviates from the central theme in speech or writing |
| Diligent | constant in effort to accomplish something; attentive and persistent in doing anything |
| Discredit | to injure the credit or reputation of; defame |
| Disdain | to look upon or treat with contempt; despise; scorn |
| Divergent | diverging; differing; deviating |
| Dynamic Character | a character who undergoes a permanent change in outlook or character during the story |
| Empathy | the intellectual identification with or vicarious experiencing of the feelings, thoughts or attitudes of another |
| Emulate | to try to equal or excel; imitate with effort to equal or surpass |
| Enervating | to deprive of force or strength; destroy the vigor of; weaken |
| Ephemeral | lasting a very short time; short-lived; transitory |
| Epic | noting or pertaining to a long poetic composition, usually centered upon a hero, in which a series of great achievements or events is narrated in elevated style |
| Epilogue | a concluding part added to a literary work, as a novel |
| Evanescent | vanishing; fading away; fleeting |
| Exemplary | worthy of imitation; commendable |
| Exposition | writing or speech primarily intended to convey information or to explain; a detailed statement or explanation; explanatory treatise |
| Fable | a short tale to teach a moral lesson, often with animals or inanimate objects as characters; apologue |
| Fiction | the class of literature comprising works of imaginative narration, especially in prose form |
| Figurative Language | speech or writing that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect or meaning, speech or writing employing figures of speech |
| Flashback | a device in the narrative of a motion picture, novel, etc., by which an event or scene taking place before the present time in the narrative is inserted into the chronological structure of the work |
| Flat Character | a literary character whose personality can be defined by one or two traits and does not change in the course of the story |
| Foot | a group of two or more syllables in which one syllable has the major stress, forming the basic unit of poetic rhythm |
| Foreshadowing | to show or indicate beforehand; prefigure |
| Free verse | verse that does not follow a fixed metrical pattern |
| Genre | a class or category of artistic endeavor having a particular form, content, technique, or the like |
| Gothic | of or relating to a literary style characterized by gloom, the grotesque, and the supernatural, popular esp. in the late 18th century |
| Hero/Heroine | a person of distinguished courage or ability, admired for his brave deeds and noble qualities |
| Hyperbole | obvious and intentional exaggeration |
| Iamb | a foot of two syllables, a short followed by a long in quantitative meter, or an unstressed followed by a stressed in accentual meter |
| Imagery | the formation of mental images, figures, or likenesses of things, or of such images collectively |
| Irony | a technique of indicating, as through character or plot development, an intention or attitude opposite to that which is actually or ostensibly stated |
| Lyric Poem | a short poem of songlike quality |
| Metaphor | a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance |
| Meter | poetic measure; arrangement of words in regularly measured, patterned, or rhythmic lines or verses |
| Mood | a prevailing emotional tone or general attitude |
| Name-calling propaganda | the use of derogatory language or words that carry a negative connotation when describing an enemy |
| Narrative | a story or account of events, experiences, or the like, whether true or fictitious |
| Nemesis | an opponent or rival whom a person cannot best or overcome |
| Non-fiction | the branch of literature comprising works of narrative prose dealing with or offering opinions or conjectures upon facts and reality, including biography, history, and the essay |
| Onomatopoeia | the formation of a word, by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent |
| Oxymoron | a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictory effect |
| Paradox | any person, thing, or situation exhibiting an apparently contradictory nature |
| Pathos | the quality or power in an actual life experience or in literature, music, speech, or other forms of expression, of evoking a feeling of pity or compassion |
| Pentameter | a line of verse consisting of five metrical feet |
| Personification | the attribution of a personal nature or character to inanimate objects or abstract notions, especially as a rhetorical figure |
| Plot | the plan, scheme, or main story of a literary or dramatic work, as a play, novel, or short story |
| Point of view | the position of the narrator in relation to the story, as indicated by the narrator's outlook from which the events are depicted and by the attitude toward the characters |
| Prologue | a preliminary discourse; a preface or introductory part of a discourse, poem, or novel |
| Protagonist | the leading character, hero, or heroine of a drama or other literary work |
| Pun | a humorous play on words |
| Rhyme | identity in sound of some part, especially the end, of words or lines of verse |
| Rhyme scheme | the pattern of rhymes used in a poem, usually marked by letters to symbolize correspondences |
| Rhythm | movement or procedure with uniform or patterned recurrence of a beat, accent, or the like |
| Round Character | a complex literary character with fully developed and dynamic traits |
| Satire | a literary composition, in verse or prose, in which human folly and vice are held up to scorn, derision, or ridicule |
| Setting | the surroundings or environment of anything |
| Simile | a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared using the words like or as |
| Situational irony | an outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected, the difference between what is expected to happen and what actually does |
| Stage directions | an instruction written into the script of a play, indicating stage actions, movements of performers, or production requirements |
| Static Character | a literary character who remains basically unchanged throughout a work |
| Stream of consciousness | a narrative mode that seeks to portray an individual's point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions |
| Symbolism | the practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing things with a symbolic meaning or character |
| Thesis | a proposition stated or put forward for consideration, especially one to be discussed and proved or to be maintained against objections |
| Tone | the pitch of a word often used to express differences of meaning |
| Tragic hero | a literary character who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw that, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedy |
| Utopia | an imaginary and indefinitely remote place |
| Villain | a character in a play, novel, or the like, who constitutes an important evil agency in the plot |
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