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Ch12Stress&Health
Chapter 12 stress and health study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The branch of psychology that studies how biological, behavioral, and social factors influence health, illness, medical treatment, and health-related behaviors is called: | health psychology |
| Health psychology is guided by the ____ model of health, illness, and well-being. | Biopsychosocial |
| Early stress researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe: | Believed that any change that required a person to adjust his or her behavior or lifestyle would cause stress. |
| In contrast to the conclusions reached by early stress researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe, contemporary health psychologists now believe that: | most people weather major life events without developing severe physical or psychological problems. |
| A number of problems with the life events approach have been identified. Which of the following is NOT one of them. | There is an inverse relationship between scores on the SRRS and the physical and psychological problems. The higher the score, the lower the health risks, and vice versa. |
| Dr. Garcia and her colleagues have done extensive research into the effects of life events on health and well-being. She is most likely to conclude that: | undesirable events are significant sources of stress, but change in itself is not necessarily stressful. |
| ____ are everyday, monir evnets that annoy and upset people. | Daily hassles |
| Research on the relationship between daily hassles and psychological distress and physical symptoms has shown that the: | number of daily hassles people experience is a better predictor of psychological distress and physical illness than the number of major life events experienced. |
| Peple who must cope with crime, poverty, substandard housing, and unemployment in their everyday environment often experience: | chronic stress |
| The stress that results from the pressure of adapting to a new coulture is called: | acculturative stress |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the four possible patterns of acculturation that Ramona might adopt? | acceptance |
| Elizabeth is leaving the United States to live and work in Japan and is very excited about the change. When Elizabeth arrives and starts to work in Japan, she is likely to: | experience increased levels of stress due to the acculturation process. |
| The Culture and Human Behavior box, “The Stress of Adapting to a New Culture,” described four different patterns of adapting to a new culture. Which pattern o facculturation tends to produce the lowest level of acculturative stress? | integration |
| A survey of Manhattan residents in the weeks following the 9/11 terrorist ttacks on the World Trade Center found that ____ reported ____ use of alcohol, cigarettes, and/or marijuana. | 30 percent, increased |
| As shown in a bar graph in your textbook, nearly 50 percent of adults across the United States reported ____ after the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. | sleep problems and disturbances |
| Walter Cannon is to ____ as Hans Selye is to ____. | the fight-or-flight response, the general adaptation syndrome |
| Walter Cannon is to ____ as Robert Ader is to ____. | the fight or flight response, psychoneuroimmunology |
| Robert Ader is to ____ as Hans Selye is to ____. | psychoneuroimmunology, general adaptation syndrome |
| Research on stress and the immune system is to ____ as classical conditioning and the immune system is to ____. | Janice Kiecolt-Glaser, Robert Ader and Nicholas Cohen |
| It was the research of Robert Ader and Nicholas Cohen that helped establish a new intersisciplinary field called: | psychoneuroimmunology |
| The American physiologist Walter B. Cannon: | described the flight-or-flight response, which involves the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system. |
| When a large snarling dog threatened Daniel during his regular morning jog, he experienced the classic symptoms of the fight-or-flight response. According to Walter Cannon, Daniel’ response to this acute level of stress involves both: | the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system. |
| When Marcy arrived home she was shocked to see that her house had been burglarized and she was terrified that the burglar might still be in the house. It is very probably that SNS has stimulated her adrenal medulla to secrete hormones called | catecholamines |
| When stress is prolonged, the hyptothalamus signals the: | pituitary gland to release ACTH |
| The general adaptation syndrome, a three-stage progression of physical changes that occur in response to intense and prolonged stress, was described by: | Hans Selye |
| Which of the following statements if FALSE? | Like the catecholamines, the effects of corticosteroids tend to diminish very quickly and cause no long-lasting problems. |
| The hormones that are released by the adrenal cortex and that play a key role in the body’s response to long-term stressors are called: | corticosteroids |
| Brandon came down with viral pneumonia. His body’s immune system will produce ____ to defend him against the infection. | lymphocytes |
| The notion that the immune system operated independently of toehr ody sytems was challenged by ____, who demonstrated tha the immune system response in rats could be classically conditioned. | Robert Ader and Nicholas Cohen |
| Ader and Cohen’s groundbreaking study demonstrated that: | the immune system response can be classically conditioned. |
| Mrs. Proulie has been taking care of her husband, who has Alzheimer’s disease, for a number of years. The prolonged stress involved in caring for her husband may: | result in reduced immune system functioning |
| Research by psychologist ____ has conclusively shown that everyday stressors, such as the stress of preparing for exams, can decrease immune system functioning in humans. | Janice Kiecolt-Glaser |
| One reason why chronic stress may increase the susceptibility to infection is becaue chronic stress triggers the secretion of ____, which influence immune system functioning. | corticosteroids |
| Your textbook decribed a research study involving young adults who were under a great deal of stress and were immunized with a vaccine against influenza. Five months after their flue shots: | the stressed-out young adults were virtually unprotected against the flu. |
| In an important research study involving elderly nursing home residents, psychologists Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer investigated the: | effects of a sense of personal control on psychological and physical health. |
| Lacking a sense of control over stressful events can result in a(n): | increase in corticosteroid and catecholamine levels. |
| Cross-cultural research found that heightened sense of personal control was associated with: | lower levels of perceived stress in British participants but not Japanese participants. |
| According to psychologist Martin Seligman, people who have ____ use external, unstable, and specific explanations for negative events. | an optimistic explanatory style |
| According to Psychologist Martin Seligma, people who have a(n) ____ explanatory style use internal, stable, and global explanations for negative events. | pessimistic |
| A study of first=year law students found that the students who has an optimistic outlook: | had stronger immune systems than the students with a pessimistic outlook. |
| According to cariologists Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman, ____ is a behavioral and emotional style characterized by a sense of time urgency, hostility, and competitiveness. | Tyep A behavior pattern |
| According to current research, the aspect of Type A behavior that contributes most to health problems is: | hostility |
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kennacoconut