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ch 13 mb
chapter 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What term is defined as any deviation from health where tissues and organs are damaged and disrupted | disease |
| The human body provides a favorable habitat for microorganisms. Which of the following does not contribute to this favorable habitat? | Low levels of moisture |
| What greatly influences the presence and numbers of transient flora? | Hygiene |
| What factor prevents the stomach from being colonized by most microbes? | Acids |
| Why are human bites especially dangerous? | Because the oral cavity and saliva contain high numbers of bacteria |
| What are the first organism(s) to colonize the upper respiratory tract? | Oral streptococci |
| What keeps the kidney, ureter, bladder, and upper urethra sterile? | Flow of urine |
| Axenic animals display all but which of the following | Shortened life span |
| The greatest number of pathogens use what as a portal of entry? | Respiratory tract |
| What characteristic affects the extent to which an organism is carried into the bronchial tree following inhalation | The size of the microorganism |
| If a microorganism has an ID of one, what assumption can be made regarding this microorganism? | It is a very virulent microorganism |
| Bacterial pathogens attach most often by all except which of the following mechanisms? | Spikes |
| What exoenzyme secreted by some pathogenic microorganisms digests the principal fiber of connective tissue and is an invasive factor for some microorganisms? | Collagenase |
| Which of the following is a property of exotoxins? | Secreted from a live cell |
| During which stage of a clinical infection does the patient experience vague feelings of discomfort, such as head and muscle aches, fatigue, upset stomach, and general malaise? | Toxemia |
| Which of the following is not a sign of an infection? | Cough |
| What is the clinical term for bacteria multiplying in the blood? | Septicemia |
| Which microorganism does not cause a latent infection? | Polio |
| What term is defined as the number of new cases of disease over a certain time period, as compared with the general healthy population? | Incidence |
| Which of the following is not a reservoir? | Vectors |
| "Typhoid Mary" was an example of what type of disease carrier? | Chronic |
| Communicable diseases can spread by several methods. Which is not an example of the direct transmission mode of disease spread? | Contact with contaminated food |
| Which does not contribute to the development of nosocomial infections? | The use of effective infection control measures |
| all microorganisms are harmful | false |
| harmfull microorganisms are | enter- multiply- damage |
| non pathogenic organisms | normal/ resident flora |
| can normal flora cause didease | yes |
| cause disease when the host's defenses are compromised | opportunistic pathogens |
| characteristics or structure that contributes to the ability of a microbe to cause disease is a | virulence factor |
| minimum number of microbes required for infection to proceed | infectious dose |
| slime layer or capsule | makes phagocytosis difficult |
| lipid A of LPS of gram negative bacteria | endotoxin |
| proteins secreted by gram positive and negative bacteria | exotoxin |
| 4 stages of infection | incupation, prodromal, period of invasion, convalescent |
| incubation period | appearence of first symptoms |
| prodromal stage | discomfort, nonspecific complaints |
| period of invasion | specific sign and symptoms |
| 5 types of illness | chronic, acute, terminal, primary, secondary |
| chronic illness | slow onset, longer duration |
| acute illness | quick onset of severe symptoms, short lasting |
| secondary illness | results from or caused by another illness |
| pandemic | epidemic across continents |
| the total number of deaths in a population due to a certain disease | mortality rate |
| number of people afflicted with a certain disease | morbidity rate |
| cdc | the center for disease control and prevention is responsible for keeping track of infectious disease nationwide |
| usamriid | united states army medical research institute of infectous disease |
| most commonly involve urinary tract, respiratory tract and surgical insicions and most common organisms involves gram negative bacteria | nosocomial infections |
| when an infected host can transmit the infectious agent to another host and establish infection in that host | communicable disease |
| highly communicable disease is | contagious |
| disease is transmitted from parent to off spring by the way of m ilk, ovum, sperm, placenta | vertical transmission |
| getting the disease first time | incubation |
| infected person, body fluids, open wounds, moist dressing, contaminated objects; fomits | reservoir examples |
| objective evidence of disease as noted by an observer (fever, rash...) | sign |
| subjective evidence of disease as sensed by the patient; pain, ache, itching | symptom |
| 4 cardinal signs of inflammation | heat, pain, redness, swelling (calor, dolor, rubor, tumor) |
| pathogen is present, multiplying in the blood | septicemia |
Created by:
nihanbjk