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BIOL 1110 A & P

Muscular System

QuestionAnswer
muscle tissue responsible for movement
three types of muscle tissue skeletal, cardiac, smooth
smooth muscle located in the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, eyes, glands, skin
cell shape of skeletal muscle long, cylindrical
cell shape of cardiac muscle cylindrical
cell shape of smooth muscle spindle
special feature of cardic muscle intercalated disks, gap junctions
muscle produces "goose flesh" in the skin smooth
muscle that controls amount of light entering eye smooth
most widely distributed type of muscle in body smooth
four functional properties of muscle tissue contractility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity
the ability of muscle to shorten forcefully contractility
the capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus excitability
muscle can be stretched beyond normal resting length extensibility
ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length after being stretched elasticity
muscle tissue responsible for respiratory functions skeletal
muscle tissue responsible for facial expressions skeletal
muscle that constitutes about 40% of he body's weight skeletal
muscle that regulates flow of blood through blood vessels smooth
muscle that moves blood through circulatory system cardiac
muscle controlled by endocrine and autonomic nervous system smooth, cardiac
connects muscles to bones tendons
layer that surrounds fasciculus perimyseum
numerous visible bundles that compose skeletal muscle fasciculi
layer that surrounds entire skeletal muscle epimysium
layer that surrounds muscle fibers endomysium
layer that surrounds fasciculi perimysium
contact point between the axons and the muscle fibers neuromuscular junction
the origin of muscle fibers myoblasts
actin myofilament composed of two strands of F actin, Tropomyosin, Troponin
myosin myofilament composed of myosin molecules
the three subunits of troponin one binds to G actin, second binds to tropomyosin, third binds Calcium
each F actin stand is a polymer that consists of G actin
the basic structural and functional unit of skeleton muscle sarcomere
filamentous network of protein forming a disklike structure for the attachment of actin myofilaments Z disk
where actin and myosin myofilaments do not overlap and only myosin myofilaments are present H zone
the dark line in the middle of the H zone which consists of delicate filaments that attach to the center of the myosin myofilaments M line
extends from one Z disk to an adjacent Z disk sarcomere
protein that holds the myosin myofilaments in place Titin
the shortening of these is responsible for the contraction of skeletal muscles sarcomere
what causes the sarcomeres to shorten the actin and myosin sliding past one another
when does a cross-bridge form when myosin binds to actin
two places on the sarcomere that become narrow during contraction I band, H zone
the place on the sarcomere that remains constant in length during contraction A band
each myosin myofilament is surrounded by six actin myofilaments
the place where only myosin myofilaments are present H zone
during muscle relaxation, the sarcomeres will lengthen
these travel from the brain or spinal cord along the axons to muscle fibers and cause them to contract action potentials
the charge difference across the plasma membrane of an unstimulated cell resting membrane potential
the resting membrane potential is a result of what three factors K+ is higher on the inside, Na+ is higher on the outside, plasma membrane more permeable to K+ than to Na+
Two different types of Ion Channels Ligand Gated and Voltage Gated
responsible for producing action potentials Ion Channels
the charge difference across the plasma membrane of cells is the resting membrane potential
this results from an increase in the permeability of the plasma membrane to Na+ Depolarization
this potential is produced if depolarization reaches threshold all or none
this phase of the action potential results when many Na+ channels open in an all or none fashion depolarization
this phase occurs when the Na+ channels close and the K+ channels open repolarization
ligand channels will open once this binds to them neurotransmitter
this ion channel will open when there is a voltage change across the plasma membrane voltage gated
this phase is the return of the membrane potential to its resting value repolarization phase
the synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber neuromuscular junction
the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle fiber synaptic cleft
a T tubule and two terminal cisternae Triad
Action potentials move into T tubule system causes what channels to open Ca+
Calcium ions diffuse from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the myofilaments and bind to troponin
occurs when myosin heads bind to active site on actin, myosin changes shape, and actin is pulled past the myosin contraction
occurs when calcium is taken up by sarcoplasmic reticulum, ATP binds to myosin, & tropomyosin moves back so active sites are no longer exposed relaxation
what is needed for the cycle of cross bridge formation, movement, and release ATP
In muscle relaxation, which ions are transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum? Calcium
a single, brief contraction and relaxation cycle in a muscle fiber is muscle twitch
what phase is the time between the application of the stimulus to the motor neuron and the beginning of contraction lag phase
consits of a single motor neuron and all its muscle fibers motor neuron
the force of a contraction is increased in these two ways summation, recruitment
involves increasing the force of contraction of the muscle fibers within the muscle summation
involves increasing the number of muscle fibers contracting recruitment
a phenomenon when a muscle fiber is stimulated in rapid succession contracts with greater force with each subsequent stimulus treppe
the relationship between increased stimulus strength and an increased number of contracting motor units multiple-motor-unit-summation
a period of sustained contraction tetanus
partial relaxation between contractions incomplete tetanus
no relaxation between contractions complete tetanus
contractions that cause a change in muscle tension but no change in muscle length isometric
contractions that cause a change in muscle length but no change in muscle tension isotonic
contractions that cause muscles to shorten and tension to increase concentric
contractions where tension is maintained but muscle increase in length eccentric
the maintenance of steady tension for long periods muscle tone
these contractions of motor units produce smooth, steady muscle contractions asynchronous
the energy required to produce ATP comes from three sources creatine phosphate, anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration
the respiration that does not require oxygen and breaks down glucose to yield ATP and lactic acid anaerobic respiration
the respiration that requires oxygen and breaks down glucose to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water aerobic respiration
the energy for muscle contraction comes from ATP
the twitch that causes muscle fibers to split ATP slowly and have well-developed blood supply, many mitochondria, and myoglobin slow twitch
twitch that causes muscle fibers to split ATP rapidly fast twitch
the type of fast twitch fibers that have a well developed blood supply, more mitochondria, and more myoglobin IIa
type of fast twitch fibers that have large amounts of glycogen, poor blood supply, fewer mitochondria, and little myoglobin IIb
type of muscle tissue that are spindle shaped with a single nucleus smooth muscle
type of muscle tissue that have actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments but are not striated smooth muscle
Created by: mwalker1121
 

 



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