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English Comp 1
Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the stages of the writing process? | Prewriting (brainstorm),Drafting (Write it out),Revise (Reword so that it all flows),Edit (Correct grammar)Print (Publish) |
| Name the three basic parts of an essay’s organizational structure: | Introduction, Body, Conclusion |
| What is a thesis statement and what two basic things should a thesis statement establish? | One sentence (or several sentences) that expresses the writer’s central focus or point. A good thesis will contain the following two elements: Limited topic Attitude toward the topic |
| Illustration/Examplification | Support a thesis |
| Abstract: | Refers to ideas, emotions or other intangibles. (Joy, Hatred, Anger, Sadness, Fear) |
| Concrete | Identifies things readers can perceive with their five senses. (Laughter, Sneering, Cursing, Shouting, Weeping, Screaming, Gasping) |
| Narration: | Makes a point. |
| Types of conflict | (Person v Person, Person v Society, Person v Self, Person v Nature, Person v Technology, Person v Supernatural) |
| Description | Imply 5 senses and figure of speech |
| Objective description | Description that’s factual impersonal. No interpretation or personal. (Factual) |
| Subjective/impressionistic description | Description that is impressionistic, personal interpretive. (Opinion) |
| Definition | To inform, to clearly define my perception of a concept. |
| Extended definition | is one or more paragraphs that attempt to explain a complex term. |
| Formal definition: | A definition such as that found in a dictionary, often using a classification-division approach. |
| Synonymous Definition: | Explains a word by pairing it with another word of similar but perhaps more limited meaning. (courage is synonymous with mettle, spirit, resolution, tenacity, bravery, valor) |
| Negative Definition: | Explains a word by saying what it does not mean. (Courage is not running away from your mistakes.) |
| Etymological Definition | The origins or history of a word. (The word courage comes from the French Coeur, which in turn comes from the Latin cor, or “heart.”) |
| Stipulative Definition: | A definition invented by a writer to convey a special or unexpected sense of an existing & often familiar word. (Courage is not an inherent trait. It's a trait that has to be learned thru experience. Its not passed to a person through his parents’ genes.) |
| Operational Definition: | How a word “works.” |
| Definition by Division-Classification: | To put something into a group of like things and then to differentiate it from others in the same class. (Courage is an emotion that can be categorized in three ways: physical courage, moral courage, and spiritual courage.) |
| Comparison and Contrast | compare the similarities and differences between two subjects |
| Block Organization: | Write first about one of your subjects, completely, & then write about the other, completely. Each subject addressed in a separate paragraph. Points of comparison or contrast should be the same for each subject and should be presented in the same order. |
| Point-by-Point Organization | Each point is addressed in a separate paragraph. Discuss both of your subjects together for each point of comparison and contrast. Maintain consistency by discussing the same subject first for each point. |
| Process Analysis: | Analyze a process, you break it down into separate steps and present those steps to your reader in one of two ways. |
| Directional: | Instruct reader step by step how to do something. |
| Informational: | Explain how something happens. (How coins are minted) |
| Evaluative: | How to make improvements or evaluative (What steps can we take to improve our national security). |
| Cause and Effect: | Cause explores the “why.” Effect refers to results. |
| Immediate causes: | Are readily apparent because they are close in time to the effect.(Causes of tornados or explosions). |
| Remote causes | Hidden or less obvious causes need examination beyond immediate causes. (Hyatt skywalk disaster KC caused by engineering errors occurred months before collapse.) |
| Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc Fallacy: | (“after this, therefore, because of this”) A logical fallacy also known as inadequate causal relationship. Assumes that because Event B followed Event A, A caused B. Superstitions are often based on fallacious post hoc reasoning. |
| The difference between summary and paraphrase. | Summaries and paraphrases are written in your own words. A summary condenses information; a paraphrase reports information in about the same number of words as in the source. You must restate the sources meaning using your own words. |
| MLA | (Modern Language Association) English and Humanities papers |
| APA | (American Psychological Association) Social Sciences papers: |
| CMS | (Chicago Manual of Style). History and Humanities papers |
| Primary Sources | Original documents such as letters, diaries, legislative bills, laboratory studies, field research reports, and eyewitness accounts. |
| Secondary Sources | Commentaries on primary sources – another source’s opinions about or interpretation of a primary source. |
| what a dropped quote is and how to avoid the error with signal phrases | Dropped quotations quotations that appear in middle of paper w/o being introduced. In order to transition into quotation smoothly, avoid dropped quotations. If start sentence without explaining who's speaking, then the effect on the reader can be jarring |
| works cited page formatting | List, alpha, author’s last name. Place 1st line of ea entry flush w/lft margin & indent subsequent lines by ½ in. Italic titles such as books, websites, films, & journals. Use quotes for titles of shorter works like articles, web pages, & short poems. |
| fused sentence. | When a writer puts no mark of punctuation and no coordinating conjunction between independent clauses. |
| Comma-Splice | two or more independent clauses joined by a comma without a coordinating conjunction. In some comma splices, the comma appears alone. |
| two types of run-on sentences | Fused Sentence and comma splices |
| Connotation | you think of when you hear that word (Red=heat, anger, love, stop) |
| Denotation | The direct or dictionary meaning of a word, in contrast to its figurative or associated meanings (e.g. home is where one lives) |
| Chronological organization | Organizing events in the order that they occurred. (eg. First and then last) |
| Spatial Organization | An organizational pattern that relies on direction (eg. Top to bottom) |
| Emphatic Organization: | General to specific order (e.g. strongest point first and weakest point last.) |
| Simile | Compares two different things by employing the words “like”, “as”, or “than”. (e.g. like a lid of a treasure box). |
| Metaphor: | A figure of speech in which an implicit comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common (e.g. Time is money, this assignment was a breeze) |
| Revision | You’re dealing with the content. Does this explain it well enough? |
| Editing: | Correct spelling, mechanics, grammar, punctuation errors (fine tuning) |
| Dominant Impression: | Guides your selection of detail and is the central idea you express in the thesis statement. |
| Figurative Language | Whenever you describe something by comparing it with something else |
| Plagiarism | • The unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work |
| Common Knowledge | • Knowledge that is known by everyone or nearly everyone, usually with reference to the community in which the term is used.Often, common knowledge doesn't need to be cited. |
| Capitalization in Titles (MLA) | • Capitalize the first, last and all major words in titles and subtitles of works such as books, articles, songs, and online documents. |
| When do you use quotes v. italics? | Use quotes for the titles of shorter works like articles, web pages, and short poems. Italics used for titles of major works such as books, websites, films, and journals |
Created by:
kristyb
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