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greenize_soc.I.C.#4
sociology sect iv, I.C.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Social ______ refers to the unequal distribution of power, property & prestige | stratification |
| Social stratification represents the structured inequality found in all societies. It centers around the unequal distribution of the "three P's"--power, _________, and prestige | property |
| Social stratification results in a social hierarchy, which means people end up in ______ statuses, whether they are born into this status, or achieve it on their own | ranked |
| An _________ social position is one that a person is born into, whereas an achieved social position comes from personal ability or effort | ascribed |
| Social mobility refers to a person's ability to ____ through the different levels of the social hierarchy | move |
| In a ______ system, such as the one in India, a person is born or married into his social position and social mobility is difficult or impossible | caste |
| In a class system, such as in America, _________is easier and occurs more often | mobility |
| People are often categorized depending on their race, but there is no __________ basis for this. | biological |
| It is society, not biology which ____________ people into races | categorizes |
| Race is often used as a course of social stratification & is based on _______differences which society has deemed to be socially significant | physical |
| _________ refers to a group identified on the basis of their common language, national heritage, or cultural practices | ethnicity |
| Ethnicity is based on culturally ________ differences, in contrast to race, which is based on physical characteristics | learned |
| A _____________ view of stratification was proposed by Davis and Moore, who argued that stratification is inevitable so that the most capable will fill the most demanding positions | functionalist |
| ______ and Moore stated that society must offer greater rewards and higher status for certain positions, because they require more training and sacrifice | Davis |
| ____ believed that social stratification was a result of the class structure--the exploitation of the "have nots" by those who have, or the power of the bourgeoisie over the proletariat | Karl Marx |
| Marx's explanation for the conflict between classes--the conflict of interest between the bourgeoisie (those who had the power and wealth), over the proletariat (the _______) | laborers |
| Comte was the first to develop the _______ of "sociology. He is called the “father” | concept |
| Auguste Comte defined the Law of Three Stages- that states are 3 stages societies progress through: theological, ___________, and positivist/scientific | metaphysical |
| A key idea of Marx's theory on how society would progress was that eventually the discontent laborers would overthrow their employers to form a _________ society of economic equals | classless |
| Karl Marx believed that ___________ society consists of two classes, the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, who are in constant conflict | capitalist |
| Karl Marx defined false consciousness as a social condition in which the working class possess a _____________perception of the reality of class and its consequences | distorted |
| According to Marx, this "false consciousness" occurs when the working class fails to recognize themselves as a class and the _____________ relationship between workers and capitalists | adversarial |
| According to Wallerstein’s world systems theory, the world economic system must be understood as a single unit, not a collection of ___________ countries | independent |
| According to this theory, the world is divided into ______ unequal economic categories: core, periphery and semi periphery | three |
| Poor countries that are exploited for their cheap labor raw materials are classified as _______ countries | peripheral |
| Peripheral countries are primarily________, found throughout Africa, Latin America and Asia | agricultural |
| Peripheral countries _____ raw materials and labor to core countries and they buy finished products from the core | sell |
| Semi peripheral countries are _______________ industrialized | some-what |
| Semi-peripheral countries exploit the peripheral ones; and are then exploited by _____countries | core |
| Core countries are the _______________capitalist industrialized countries | dominant |
| According to Wallerstein, core countries are the most advanced industrialized countries and they ________ peripheral and semi peripheral countries | exploit |
| Max Weber's view on social stratification was that due to situation,_______ status, & parties being a source of conflict and change, there was no foreseeable end to stratification | class |
| Weber believed differences in a person's opportunities for income, how other people assess that person's status, and the forming of parties to acquire social power, are all _____________ sources of social stratification | unavoidable |
| A caste system of social stratification allows little social ________--people are born or married into a certain position | mobility |
| A good example of the caste system is in India, where it is nearly ___________to change your status in life | impossible |
| The ______ system, where positions depend on achieved status--i.e. the United States' social stratification is of the class system | class |
| The __________ zone growth theory is a model of city growth where cities grow in a series of rings, each characterized by a different group of people and activity | concentric |
| The Concentric Zone model of city growth with the center of the city being the central_________ district | business |
| Zone 4 of the concentric zone model was defined to contain the middle & _______ class residences | upper |
| __________ behavior refers to group behavior which can be either short-lived spontaneous public expressions of feeling, or long-term public expressions aimed towards achieving specific goals | collective |
| Collective behavior includes mass hysteria,_______, crazes, fads, fashions,& rumors | panics |
| Collective behavior is rarely random, and usually lacks institutional backing--it's a collective _________ to changed culture or social circumstances | response |
| Gustave Lebon proposed the _________ theory which stated that being in a crowd frees the individual members of feeling responsibility or social restraint | contagion |
| The Contagion Theory explains that members of a crowd feel __________, and free of social restraint & responsibility; therefore do whatever the group is doing | anonymous |
| The ___________ Theory states that a number of like-minded individuals coming together forms a collective action | convergence |
| The Contagion Theory proposes that the crowd becomes something like a wild __________ just going with the flow of the crowd & not thinking for themselves animal | animal |
| The conflict perspective focuses on the ________ and conflicted nature of society | negative |
| The conflict perspective encourages social _______, and sees social order as something that is the rich and powerful impose on the weak and poor | change |
| A sociologist using the conflict perspective often sees __________for resources | competition |
| Ralph Turner and Lewis _______ proposed the emergent-norm theory, which states that new norms are created by a few individuals & the crowd soon adopts the new norms. | Killian |
| An example of the emergent-norm theory would be if a few people in a crowd start chanting the rest of the crowd will soon follows- b/c a new norm, or expected _____ was created | behavior |
| A social movement refers to collective activities which are set on causing or preventing _______ in society | changes |
| An example of a social movement is the “______ ______ _____________”, or the temperance movement, etc.. | civil rights movement |
| Resource ____________ theory focuses on the ability of members of a social movement to obtain resources and mobilize people to advance their cause | mobilization |
| Resources include money, time, ________, mass media access, and materials | skills |
| Resource mobilization theory places a great deal of emphasis on the acquisition of _________ resources from individuals, organizations, elites & governments | financial |
| Resource mobilization theory places a great deal of emphasis on the acquisition of financial resources from individuals, organizations, elites, & ______________ | governments |
Created by:
greenize30