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MRO Module 1
MRO module 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Crookes tube | The name for the original glass tube with cathode and anode; named for the 19th century scientist William Crookes; the discovery of x-rays was made with a Crookes tube |
| Fluorescent | Type of luminescence that happens instantaneously with exposure to x-rays and stops when the exposure is terminated; this is the type of luminescence that occurs in intensifying screens |
| Cathode ray | Historic term for the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode inside a vacuum tube |
| The Crookes tube is named after who? | Sir William Crookes |
| The first radiograph made was of Anna Bertha Roentgen. T or F? | True |
| Who is credited with early experimentation and invention of protective devices for x-ray equipment? 1)Roentgen 2)Rollins 3)Crookes 4)Bucky | William Rollins |
| What is the significance of William Rollins in x-ray history? | First to report dangers of radiation |
| Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered x-rays in what year? | 1895 |
| Radiologic procedures can be divided into two categories, what are they? | Radiographic examinations and fluoroscopic examinations |
| A radiographic examination produces a static image. Fluoroscopic examinations are dynamic (moving) images. | |
| Fluoroscopy | Imaging modality that creates dynamic images on a monitor, generated by x- rays transmitted to an electronic image receptor rather than film |
| Barium | An element that generally absorbs x-rays and also is used as a contrast medium in some x-ray studies |
| Contrast medium | Radiopaque or radiolucent substance usually injected or ingested into the body for improved visualization of structures in a radiographic or fluoroscopic examination |
| Radiographic/fluoroscopic unit (R/F unit) | It has an x-ray tube above the table to use in conventional radiography and another under the table for fluoroscopic studies. Each can be used independently |
| What is the average life span of radiographic machines? | 5 to 10 yrs. Although, well maintained equipment can last 20 or more yrs. |
| Modern radiographic units usually operate at what voltages? | Voltages ranging from 25 to 150 kVp |
| What does the tube current of most radiographic equipment range from? | 25 to 1200 mA |
| Almost all fixed radiographic equipment use an incoming voltage of 210 to 220 volts | |
| What are therapeutic x-ray machines used for? | They are used to treat disease and can operate at higher or lower voltages, but their tube currents usually do not exceed 20 mA |
| Floating tabletop | Type of table for an imaging examination that allows movement of the table's surface in all directions in a horizontal plane |
| Bucky assembly | Device invented by the radiologist Gustav Bucky that holds the film and grid and typically attaches under the radiographic examination table or incorporated into a wall mounted unit |
| Grid | Device designed to allow remnant photons exiting the patient to pass through and expose the film while absorbing x-rays scattered within the patient before they reach the film |
| Control console | The part of radiographic equipment where the radiologic technologist sets tube current, voltage, and exposure variables |
| Generator | The electrical device that produces the electrical power necessary for the x-ray tube |
| Mammography unit | Dedicated radiographic unit for breast imaging |
| C-arm | Type of tube suspension system, commonly found in mobile and other equipment, in which the x-ray tube is mounted at one end of the C-arm and the image receptor at the other end |
| A machine that is hardwired and permanently installed in an x-ray suite is referred to as? | Fixed |
| The Bucky assembly serves what purpose? | Remove scatter and hold the cassette |
| Fluoroscopic exams are performed to obtain which of the following? 1)Static images 2)Dynamic images 3)Positive images 4)Negative images | (2) Dynamic images |
| What is the maximum operating kVp of most general diagnostic x-ray machines? #1) 25 #2) 50 #3)100 #4) 150 | (#4) 150 |
| What does the "30" indicate in a table designated as a 90-30 table? | Tilts 30 degrees to the head |
| Primary radiation | The radiation in the useful beam from the x-ray tube |
| Secondary radiation | Any radiation other than the primary radiation of the useful beam; includes scatter radiation and any leakage radiation from the x-ray tube |
| Scatter radiation | X-rays produced inside the patient's body or another substance, including the air or tabletop |
| Leakage radiation | X-rays not in the controlled beam that escape through the protective housing surrounding the x-ray tube |
| The ceiling of a radiographic room will most likely be a primary or secondary barrier? | Secondary |
| A wall with an upright Bucky attached would be designated as a primary or secondary barrier? | Primary |
| Who invented the tube that Roentgen was using in his experiments that lead to the discovery of x-rays? | Crookes |
| In his initial research, Roentgen identified most of the properties of x-rays that we know today. T or F? | True |
| What was the subject of the first radiograph? | Hand |
| Initially, x-rays were feared as dangerous and harmful. T or F? | False |
| Early experimentation with x-rays resulted in radiation burns, skin ulcers and in some cases amputations. T or F? | True |
| Radiographic exams are performed to obtain which of the following? 1)Static images 2)Dynamic images 3)Positive images 4)Negative images | (1) Static images |
| What is the maximum operating mA of most general diagnostic x-ray units? #1)25 #2)100 #3)600 #4)1200 | #4) 1200 |
| A mammographic unit can be an example of which of the following? 1)Mobile 2)Dedicated 3)Fixed 4)All of the above | 4) All of the above |
| Which suspension system would offer the least range of motion? 1)Overhead mount 2)Floor mount 3)Both are equal | 2) Floor mount |
| Radiographic table tops are designed with all of the following characteristics, except: 1)Radiolucent 2)Easy to clean 3)Hard to scratch 4)Flexible surface | 4) Flexible surface |
| The Bucky assembly contains which material to remove scatter radiation? 1) Aluminum 2)Plastic 3)Carbon fiber 4)Lead | 4) Lead |
| Which unit is designed with a built-in compression device? 1)Fluoroscope 2)Tomography unit 3)Mammography unit 4)Angiographic unit | 3)Mammography unit |
| What is the material commonly used in radiation protective equipment? | Lead |
| One way to protect the patient is through precise collimation. T or F? | True |
| If the useful beam will be routinely directed toward a particular wall, that wall must be designated as a primary barrier or a secondary barrier? | Primary |
| Glass may be used as a secondary barrier. T or F? | True |
| What is the first line of protection from leakage radiation? | Tube housing |
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volcomgrl12