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Linux + Chapter 5

Filesystem Admininstration

QuestionAnswer
First floppy disk on the system. /dev/fd0 Block device.
second floppy disk on the system. /dev/fd1, block device.
First primary partition on the first IDE hard disk drive (primary master). /dev/hda1 (Block device)
Primary partition on the second IDE hard disk drive (primary slave). /dev/hdb1 (Block device)
First primary partition on the third IDE hard disk drive (secondary master). /dev/hdc1 (Block device)
First primary partition on the fourth IDE hard disk drive (secondary slave) /dev/hdd1 (Block device)
First primary partition on the first SATA/SCSI hard disk drive. /dev/sda1 (Block device)
First primary partition on the second SATA/SCSI hard disk drive. /dev/sdb1 (block device)
Second local terminal on the system (Ctrl+Alt+F2). /dev/tty2 (Character device)
First local terminal on the system (Ctrl+Alt+F1). /dev/tty1 (Character device)
First serial port on the system (COM1). /dev/ttyS0 (Character device)
Device file that represents nothing. (Any data sent to this device is discarded) /dev/null (Character device)
What type of file is generally found in the /dev directory? A device file. Most devices, such as disks, terminals, and serial ports.
Which command would you use to see whether a device transfers data character-by-character or block-by-block? ls -l /dev/(type of file)
What is the device that transfers data character-by-character called? Character device.
What is the device that transfers data block-by-block called? Block device.
How is a device file listed if it becomes corrupted? It is usually listed as a regular file instead of block or character special file.
How do you re-create a corrupted or deleted device file if you know the type, major number, and minor number? mknod command.
How can you re-create a corrupted or deleted file if you do not know the type, major number, or minor number? /dev/MAKEDEV command.
What are the three common components of all filesystems called? Superblock, the inode table, and the data blocks.
One benefit of Linux is that you can use several different devices formatted with different filesystems under the same directory tree. True or False? True.
What is the boot file system called? bfs.
What is the second extended filesystem called? ext2. It is the traditional filesystem used on Linux. Also, the default filesystem if the type is not specified.
Which filesystem allows for journaling, has a faster startup and recovery time? ext3.
Which filesystem has a larger filesystem support and speed enhancements? ext4.
Which filesystem is used to access data stored on CDs and DVDs? iso9660.
Which filesystem is used by software programs that write to a CD-RW or DVD-RW drive? udf.
Mount point The process whereby a device is made accessible to users via the logical directory tree.
Directories Files that do not contain data. They contain a list of files and subdirectories.
What is the "mkfs" command used for? A command used to format or create filesystems.
/dev/MAKEDEV command The command used to re-create a device file if one or more of the following pieces of device information is unknown: major number, minor number, or type (character or block).
-t switch used to specify the filesystem type.
How can a list of currently mounted filesystems be obtained? You can use the mount command with no options or arguments.
How is the fuser command used? a command used to identify any users or processes using a particular file or directory.
mkfs.vfat Creates FAT filesystem.
mkfs.ext2 Creates an ext2 filesystem.
mkfs.ext3 Creates an ext3 filesystem.
mkfs.ext4 Creates an ext4 filesystem.
mkfs.reiserfs Creates a REISERFS
mkfs.xfs Creates a XFS filesystem.
mkfs.ntfs Creates a NTFS filesystem.
A device can be mounted to any existing directory. True or False? True.
If the directory contains files and a device is mounted to it, those files will be accessible anyway. True or False? False.
/etc/fstab a file used to specify which filesystems to mount automatically at boot time and queried by the mount command if an insufficient number of arguments is specified.
/proc/devices a file that contains currently used device information.
fsck command filesystem check command checks filesystems for errors. The syntax is the command option specifying the filesystem type and an argument specifying which device to check.
-f option used with fsck to perform a full filesystem check.
e2fsck command Error check on an ext2 filesystem
-c option checks for bad blocks on the disk and adds the to a bad block table on the filesystem so that they are not used in the future.
-a or -y option a fsck option which allows fsck to automatically repair any errors.
-A Checks all filesystems in /etc/fstab that have a 1 or 2 in the sixth field.
du command the directory usage command is used to view the size of a directory and its contents in Kilobytes.
df command disk free space command is used to monitor free disk space by filesystem.
umount <mount point> or umount <device> Unmounts a <device> from its <mount point> directory.
/dev/hda Primary master PATA hard drive
/dev/hdb Primary slave PATA hard drive
/dev/hdc Secondary master PATA hard drive
/dev/hdd Secondary slave PATA hard drive
/dev/sda, /dev/scd0, /dev/sr0, and /dev/sg0 First SATA/SCSI drive
/dev/sdb, /dev/scd1, /dev/sr1, /dev/sg1 Second SATA/SCSI drive
/dev/sdc, /dev/scd2, /dev/sr2, /devsg2 Third SATA/SCSI drive
/dev/cdrom A symbolic link to the correct device file for your first CD-ROM drive.
/dev/cdrw A symbolic link to the correct device file for your first CD-RW drive
/dev/dvd A symbolic link to the correct device file for your first DVD-ROM drive
/dev/dvdrw A symbolic link to the correct device file for your first DVD-RW drive.
PATA, SATA & SCSI Three types of hard disks
/dev/hda Primary master hard disk
/dev/hdb Primary slave hard disk
/dev/hdc Secondary master
/dev/hdd Secondary slave
/dev/sda First SCSI hard disk drive
/dev/sdb Second SCSI hard disk drive
/dev/sdc Third SCSI hard disk drive
/dev/sdd Fourth SCSI hard disk drive
/dev/sde Fifth SCSI hard disk drive
/dev/sdd Sixth SCSI hard disk drive
What is a partition? A physical division of a hard disk drive. Each partition can contain a separate filesystem and can be mounted to different mount point directories.
How many partitions are required in Linux at a minimum? Two, the / (root directory) and the swap partition.
What is a cylinder? A series of tracks on a hard disk that are written to simultaneously by the magnetic heads in a hard disk drive.
How many primary partitions can the hard disk contain? up to four primary partitions or three primary partitions and one extended partition.
/dev/hda1 The first primary partition on a PATA device
/dev/hda2 The second primary partition on a PATA device.
/dev/hda3 The third primary partition on a PATA device.
/dev/hda4 The fourth primary partition on a PATA device. Could be an extended partition.
/dev/hda5 The 1st logical drive in the extended partition.
/dev/hda6 The 2nd logical drive in the extended partition.
fdisk command Used to create, delete, and manipulate partitions on hard disks after installation.
cfdisk command A command used to partition hard disks; it displays a graphical interface in which the user can select partitioning options.
mkswap command A command used to prepare newly created swap partitions for use by the Linux system.
swapon command A command used to enable a partition for use as virtual memory on the Linux system.
swapoff command A command used to disable a partition for use as virtual memory on the Linux system.
tune2fs command A command used to modify ext2 and ext3 filesystem parameters.
What is a hard disk quota? the limits on the number of files, or total storage space on a hard disk drive, available to a user.
What is a hard limit? The hard disk quota that the user cannot exceed.
What is a soft limit? A hard disk quota that the user can exceed for a certain period of time.
First SCSI tape device in the system. /dev/st0 Character device
USB device files /dev/bus/usb/* character device
PS/2 mouse port /dev/psaux
First parallel port on the system (LPT1) /dev/lp0
Device file that represents nothing; any data sent to this device is discarded /dev/null
First serial port on the system (COM1) /dev/ttyS0
Second serial port on the system (COM2) /dev/ttyS1
Virtual FAT filesystem - a filesystem used by DOS and Windows computers that supports long file names vfat
New Technology File System - a Microsoft proprietary filesystem developed for its Windows operating systems ntfs
FAT filesystem - the filesystem used on DOS and Windows computers msdos
Connect CD-Rom to /mnt/cdrom directory. mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
Connect the Windows XP partition on the first partition on the primary master to the WinXP directory in the mnt directory. The filesystem of the partition is NTFS. mount -t ntfs /dev/hda1 /mnt/WinXP
Create a blank file in the root directory with the name of testing. touch /testing
Run a directory listing of the entire contents of the hard drive and display it on the second terminal. ls -aR / > ~/dev/tty2
Created by: 1592245141
 

 



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