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Music 101 Final
BYU Music 101 Dr. Hinckley
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Romantic Era | (1830-1910) Idealistic view of life, Nature, Exotic places (Europe considered America exotic at the time), Seeking the ideal love, can never attain it |
| Program Music | Instrumental music that tells a story, Remake a novel with music (without words) |
| Miniatures | Reference to the length of piece, AND number of performers Some types: lieder, character piece, some chamber music. |
| Lieder | (means “songs” in German, lied is singular) All lieder are in German Verses or stanzas Voice and piano, and the piano is an equal partner, Terms in Lieder: |
| Strophic | lieder, one verse after the other, all in the same melody (A,A,A,) |
| Through composed | lieder, different melody for each stanza |
| Modified strophic | lieder, mostly strophic, but a few things have been changed |
| Song Cycle | songs that have a common theme |
| Character piece | (romantic Genre) solo 99.999% piano. Piano expresses emotion or invokes an image for the listener. Sometimes the title helps sometimes it doesn’t. |
| Rubato | (romantic technique) speed up or slow down the music to enhance expressiveness without altering overall pace. Played differently by separate performers. |
| Franz Liszt | BOMBASTIC powerful first rock-star! Took the solo piano from the chamber TO THE STAGE BABY!! Mephisto’s waltz. Legendary for his violence on the piano. |
| Frederic Chopin | delicate shy sweet internal. Loved concert hall stages because he could only grow his right sideburn!! BAHAHAHAHAHAHA. |
| Robert Schumann | “Impromptu” Schuman and Chopin |
| Chamber music | similar structures of title and instruments. Not confined to same movement rules. |
| Hector Berlioz | romantic composer well known for his orchestral music. He’s the one that fell in love with H. Smith the actress, tried to OD on opium and had a nightmare that he wrote a symphony about. |
| Program Symphony | a multi-movement work that tells a story as the movements continue. Idee Fixe Dies Irae Dies Ela |
| Romantic | focuses on the supernatural. |
| Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky | what is he best known for? BALLET. The nutcracker! |
| Nationalism | about national stuff! Could also describe homeland. Mussorgsky- Russian folk tales, folk music, paintings, Chopin- Poland, Liszt- Hungary, Verdi- Italy |
| Romantic Opera | Ensembl-istic in the romantic era the biggest change is that Ensemble COMPLETELY takes over. Aria here and there recitative occasionally. |
| Belcanto | singing style of the romantic era opera. Singing with focus on the beauty of the human voice. NOT skill just the beauty. |
| Giuseppe Verdi | nationalist composer that was most popular for his opera. Nebuco he accidentally placed a nationalist theme that was a huge hit. He started purposefully placing themes in many of his operas. Vittorio Emanuele Re D’ Italie. VERDI. |
| Richard Wagner | Opera. He called them “music drama” orchestra helped express the drama more than the words did. The music does more talking so you have to be on your toes. His most famous were when he wrote the libretto himself AND the music. “the ring cycle” |
| Leitmotiv | technique that Richard Wagner was famous for. Didn’t invent it but he really made it shine. It’s a motive that represents something or someone. |
| Johannes Brahms | Romantic composer Retaliatory to programmatic stuff for it’s overdone-ness. On paper he was a very neo-classical composer with 4 movements per symphony. Cross Rhythms |
| Neo-classicism | romantic era style that is new classical |
| Cross Rhythms | shifting accents in the meter. Throws off the orchestra and gets interesting. Brahms was the one |
| Gustav Mahler | died in 1911 He sort of tripled the classical orchestra size. He is programmatic. However, he liked to reflect the multiplicity of thoughts in mind at any certain time. Also often incorporated Jewish music. Resurrection symphony. |
| Atonality | no key signature, all kinds of avoiding the tonic. |
| Avante-garde | at the forefront (military the French scouts) many of the composers we discover were considered avantegard at first. |
| New Music | modern composers writing new and different things. DISSONANCE |
| Claude Debussy | not so dissonant SOUNDING but uses a lot of it.Pentatonic, Octatonic, Whole Tone |
| Character piece | short one movement work for piano |
| Igor Stravinsky | best known for his ballet music.Loved to change up the meter. Fairly palatable dissonance. Poly Rhythms different rhythms on top of each other. Also did POLY TONALITY what WHAT? The Rite of Spring. He was an Avante-garde composer. Impressionism. |
| Expressionism | a style of painting where harsh colors and harsh techniques to express strong emotion. with a pallet knife, Harsh tone color combos in music, harsh methods sometimes, unusual instruments. |
| Sprechstimme | Schoenberg’s speaking on pitch. REALLY HARD. |
| Arnold Schoenberg | modern composer noted for his Sprechstimme and atonality. COULD compose awesome lush programmatic music. Beethoven wannabe. Loved atonality. Retrograde in Moonfleck. Structural method halfway you just play it backwards. |
| 12-tone System | a system of composition that helped Schoenberg avoid a tonic. Starts with a 12 tone row. Also known as Serialism. Schoenberg was a serialist. Used Retrograde, inversion and retrograde inversion! |
| Anton Webern | Schoenberg follower. Took the concepts and made them Aphoristic (short) |
| Alban Berg | another famous student of Schoenberg. Opera man. Sprechstimme and atonality not so much serialism but a little. |
| George Gershwin | US nationalist composer. Wrote a lot of good broadway music! Rhapsody and Blues is a super famous piano concerto of his. |
| Charles Ives | Studied music at yale as an undergrad but decided it’s not the way to make a living. Wrote music after work to wind down.It is dissonant. Nationalist in part for his quoting. A fan of two consonant melodies overlapping. |
| Quoting | a technique that is not plagiarism. Using a familiar melody in your piece. |
| Aaron Copland | 1900-1990 best known for his ballet music. Sounds American. National beef council. Wrote about the frontier and the wild west. “JUST SOUNDS AMERICAN” |
| Multiphonics | winds and brass it’s a very popular modern technique. An instrument that is normally intended to make one note at a time is, through varied means forced to make more than one sound at a time. The human voice is usually uniphonic... |
| Theremin | is an electronic instrument meant to become part of the standard orchestra. INSTEAD it made it into good vibrations by the Beach Boys. Rock Modernov Theremin and piano. |
| Musique Concrete | recorded sounds played back during and as part of a performance. Very few rules. Lots of the beatles last album. Blackbird. “The eurhythmics” Enya Phil colins tarzan. |
| Synthesizers | a rainbow in curved air Terry Riley. |
| Computer music | notjustmoreidlechatter Paul Lansky |
| John Cage | Known for Chance music and prepared piano. Strange man. Anechoic. |
| Chance music | Music in which some part of the performance is left up to chance. Contributed by john cage. |
| Prepared piano | usually take off the lid and they place things IN the piano to change the sound. Contributed by john cage. |
| Minimalism | simple melodies motives rhythms and harmonies repeated over and over again. Three minimalist composers |
| Philip Glass | minimalist does lots of movie soundtracks |
| Steven Reich | very minimalist. Dr. Hinckley’s favorite minimalist. Clapping music youtube it. |
| John Adams | Minimalist composer known for Opera. Large scale minimalist works. (NOT an oxymoron) |
| Chamber music | changes dramatically. Baroque-in chambers, Classical-Chambers, Romantic-transitions mid-way into the concert halls, Modern-anywhere but mostly recital halls. Spinach collier celery parsley cucumber pineapple green apple kiwi milk and vanilla |
| Leonard Bernstein | his dream was to become a classical composer. He accomplished that dream but was even more well known for his conducting! Kind of a big deal. BERNSTEIN conducts Mahler. He rocks. West Side Story. Hugely prevailing motiv-esque consistency. |
| Jazz | Austin is the live music capital.Call and response, Spirituals, ragtime, blues (tonic tonic subdominant tonic dominant subdominant tonic.) New Orleans jazz, swing/bigband (synthesis BYU), scat (singing), bebop, cool jazz, Jazz Fusion (miles davis) |
| Film Music | music that helps you know how to feel! |
| John Williams | the best known film composer. Harry potter, starwars, Schindler’s list, E.T. Because... if they could hear the music they would not open that door. |
| Underscoring | the music in a movie that you the audience can hear and the people on screen cannot. |
| Source Music | music that the folks on screen DO hear. |
| Rock and Roll baby! | It’s young. 1950’s is when it really started. Outgrowth of the blues for 1 4 5 4 1 |
| Chance music | throwing chopped up tape in the air and taping it together at random. Telling a full orchestra to start one place and go up the chromatic scale. |
| The Beatles | She loves you yeah yeah yeah – biggest selling single for the WHOLE DECADE. Dr Hinckley likes em for their evolutions |
Created by:
aamccarty