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Physics module 9
physics module 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Compton | A process that is most likely to occur with x-rays in the energy range of 30 to 50 keV. |
| Photoelectric | The process that occurs when an incident x-ray photon is absorbed by the atom it strikes, and an electron is ejected from the inner shell of that atom. |
| Classical scattering | A process that is most likely to occur with low-energy x-rays (below 10 keV). |
| Probability | The likelihood that certain types of interactions will occur in certain situations. |
| Scatter | The process in which x-ray photons diverge from their original path in the x-ray beam and strike the film in random locations, producing an overall characteristic called film fog. It results from Compton and classical scattering. |
| Photoelectron | The electron that is ejected during the process of photoelectric interaction |
| Pair production | A process that occurs only with very high-energy x-ray photons. A photon with at least 1022 keV (or 1.02 MeV) |
| Positron | A positively charged electron |
| Annihilation event | A process that occurs after pair production. |
| Photodisintegration | The process that occurs when x-rays with extremely high energy (above 7 MeV) strike the nucleus of the atom and make it unstable. To become stable again, this nucleus ejects a nuclear particle, such as a proton, neutron, or alpha particle. |
| In a radiographic image, which end of the contrast scale represents the highest number of photoelectric events? | White or lightest shades |
| Which of the following is a major source of occupational radiation exposure? | Compton |
| Which interaction results in the production of a positron and an electron? | Pair production |
| Which of the following are most important to diagnostic radiology? 1) Classical scattering 2) Photodisintegration 3) Compton effect 4) Photoelectric effect? | Compton effect and Photoelectric effect |
| Which interaction requires 1.02MeV of energy? | Pair production |
| Penetration | The process by which x-ray photons are transmitted through the body and reach the radiographic film. If no x-ray photons penetrated the body, no image would result. |
| Transmitted | The state of light, or x-ray photons, that have passed through a substance such as air, clear glass, or different substances in the patient's body |
| Absorbed | The condition when electromagnetic radiation photons, such as light or x-rays, are stopped by a substance. |
| Absorption | The process by which photons are taken into an atom and their energy completely absorbed; the photon disappears as a result of the photoelectric effect. |
| Radiopaque | The quality of a structure that is denser and, therefore, absorbs x-rays more readily |
| Radiolucent | The quality of a structure that is less dense and, therefore, has a lower probability of absorbing x-rays |
| Differential absorption | The general characteristic of producing x-ray images with some structures that are radiopaque and some that are radiolucent. It is called differential because different body structures absorb or transmit x-rays to different extents. |
| Low-energy photons are more likely to do which of the following in the body? 1) Be totally absorbed 2)Pass through without interaction 3) Be scattered in the body | Be totally absorbed |
| The primary contributor to x-ray quantity is? | mAs |
| Which of the following primarily affects x-ray beam quality? | kVp |
| Which of the following describes the effects of filtration? | Increases quality and decreases quantity |
| Which of the following does not affect differential absorption? 1)kVp 2)mAs 3)Emission spectrum 4) Density of body tissue | mAs |
| Which of the following tissue types is likely to have the greatest number of photoelectric events? 1) Bone 2) Fat 3) Muscle 4)Soft tissue | Bone |
| Which interaction, within the diagnostic range, does not involve the removal of an orbital electron? | Classical |
| A photon of 10MeV colliding with a nucleus will likely result in what type of interaction? | Photodisintegration |
| Which kVp will produce the greatest number of photodisintegration events? 1) 120 2) 98 2) 108 3) None of the above | None of them. photodisintegration requires MeV not kVp |
| Positive contrast media is administered to a patient to increase what type of interaction? | Photoelectric |
| Which interaction in the diagnostic range involves the total absorption of the incident photon? | Photoelectric |
| The ejection of a nuclear fragment is part of what interaction? | Photodisintegration |
| When the kVp selected is equal to or slightly greater than the inner shell binding energy of a tissue atom, which interaction predominates? | Photoelectric |
| Secondary photons are also produced during what type of interaction? | Photoelectric |
| Which of the following is an undesirable contributor to image contrast and density? | Compton |
| Penetration will result in which shades of the radiographic image? | Dark or black |
| Penetration is more likely with which photon energy? | High |
| Which of the following equates to patient dose? 1) Absorption 2) Scatter 3) Penetration | Absorption |
| Differential absorption involves which interaction? | Photoelectric |
| The problem with scatter is that it strikes the image receptor in the wrong place. T or F? | True |
| Which of the following affects quantity? 1) kVp 2) mAs 3) Distance | All. kVp, mAs, and distance |
| What happens to quality as mAs increases? | Unaffected by mAs |
Created by:
volcomgrl12