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Ch. 5 Heredity Luger

QuestionAnswer
What is a phenotype? the physical trait expressed by a specific characteristic
What is a hybrid? A mix of two alleles
what are the male sex chromosomes XY
What is an allele? the different form that a gene can be for a specific traits (shows different forms in a population)
In a punnett square what does a capital letter stand for? Dominant allele
who is the father of genetics Gregor Mendel
For a dominant genetic disorder, how many parents need to have the disorder one parent
When there are two BIG alleles, it is said to be : homozyogous dominant
Describe Mendel's first experiment a cross between a true-breeding purple pea plant and a true-breeding white pea plant= ALL purple pea plants
When to alleles are small they are said to be: homozygous recessive
What is incomplete dominance? When two different alleles mix or blend together
List three reasons why Mendel choose to study peas 1. they grow fast 2. self-pollinate 3. many different types
What is a self-pollinating plant? A plant that can pollinate itself, doesn't need external factors
What is probability? The chance (likelihood) that a possible event can occur
What is the percent change of having a female? 50 % chance
What is a trait? Different forms of a characteristic
Where are genes located? chromosomes/DNA
What is an gene? Instructions for an interited trait
What is heredity? The passing of genetic material from parent to offspring (generation to generation)
What allows variation in a population? Genetics, sexual reproduction (mixing different characteristics and traits)
In a punnett square, a little letter represents what? a recessive allele
What is a diagram that is used to trac a trait through generations in a family pedigree
a chart that is used to predict the possible outcomes of offspring of a cross between two parents punnett square
describe Mendel's second experiment Took one plant from the first generation and self-pollinated it Pp x Pp = PP, Pp, Pp, & pp (3 purple and 1 white)
What is a characteristic? a feature that has different forms in a population
Which is more general; a characteristic or a trait? Characteristic
What is an organism's genetic makeup? genotype
When to alleles are homozygous they are said to be the: SAME (same information from both parents)
When to alleles are heterozygous they are said to be the: DIFFERENT (Different information from both parents)
What is an organism's genotype? Genetic Make up (such as Hh, the letters that represent the information)
What does purebred mean? When the alleles are the SAME, (same definition as homozygous)
Where are genes found? On chromosomes or in DNA
What is incomplete dominance? When to alleles mix or blend together to get a new trait. The dominant trait does not take over. For example red and white mix to make pink.
Where are sex-linked traits found? on the X chromosome
Who is more likely to get a sex-linked disorder? Males, because they only have one "X" Chromosome. And in order to get a sex-linked disorder all of the person's X's need to be infected
How does someone get a dominant genetic disorder? One parent needs to carry the defective copy of the gene on the dominant allele.
Is a dominant or recessive genetic disorder more common? Dominant, because only one parent needs to show it
How does someone get a recessive genetic disorder? Both parents need to show or carry the defective copy of the allele.
Show an example of what a recessive disorder would look like if the person showed it in a punnett square a* a*
Show an example of what a dominat disorder would look like if the person showed it in a punnett square A * A or A* A*, or A* a
Created by: mlugerner
 

 



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