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Ch. 5 Heredity Luger
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is a phenotype? | the physical trait expressed by a specific characteristic |
What is a hybrid? | A mix of two alleles |
what are the male sex chromosomes | XY |
What is an allele? | the different form that a gene can be for a specific traits (shows different forms in a population) |
In a punnett square what does a capital letter stand for? | Dominant allele |
who is the father of genetics | Gregor Mendel |
For a dominant genetic disorder, how many parents need to have the disorder | one parent |
When there are two BIG alleles, it is said to be : | homozyogous dominant |
Describe Mendel's first experiment | a cross between a true-breeding purple pea plant and a true-breeding white pea plant= ALL purple pea plants |
When to alleles are small they are said to be: | homozygous recessive |
What is incomplete dominance? | When two different alleles mix or blend together |
List three reasons why Mendel choose to study peas | 1. they grow fast 2. self-pollinate 3. many different types |
What is a self-pollinating plant? | A plant that can pollinate itself, doesn't need external factors |
What is probability? | The chance (likelihood) that a possible event can occur |
What is the percent change of having a female? | 50 % chance |
What is a trait? | Different forms of a characteristic |
Where are genes located? | chromosomes/DNA |
What is an gene? | Instructions for an interited trait |
What is heredity? | The passing of genetic material from parent to offspring (generation to generation) |
What allows variation in a population? | Genetics, sexual reproduction (mixing different characteristics and traits) |
In a punnett square, a little letter represents what? | a recessive allele |
What is a diagram that is used to trac a trait through generations in a family | pedigree |
a chart that is used to predict the possible outcomes of offspring of a cross between two parents | punnett square |
describe Mendel's second experiment | Took one plant from the first generation and self-pollinated it Pp x Pp = PP, Pp, Pp, & pp (3 purple and 1 white) |
What is a characteristic? | a feature that has different forms in a population |
Which is more general; a characteristic or a trait? | Characteristic |
What is an organism's genetic makeup? | genotype |
When to alleles are homozygous they are said to be the: | SAME (same information from both parents) |
When to alleles are heterozygous they are said to be the: | DIFFERENT (Different information from both parents) |
What is an organism's genotype? | Genetic Make up (such as Hh, the letters that represent the information) |
What does purebred mean? | When the alleles are the SAME, (same definition as homozygous) |
Where are genes found? | On chromosomes or in DNA |
What is incomplete dominance? | When to alleles mix or blend together to get a new trait. The dominant trait does not take over. For example red and white mix to make pink. |
Where are sex-linked traits found? | on the X chromosome |
Who is more likely to get a sex-linked disorder? | Males, because they only have one "X" Chromosome. And in order to get a sex-linked disorder all of the person's X's need to be infected |
How does someone get a dominant genetic disorder? | One parent needs to carry the defective copy of the gene on the dominant allele. |
Is a dominant or recessive genetic disorder more common? | Dominant, because only one parent needs to show it |
How does someone get a recessive genetic disorder? | Both parents need to show or carry the defective copy of the allele. |
Show an example of what a recessive disorder would look like if the person showed it in a punnett square | a* a* |
Show an example of what a dominat disorder would look like if the person showed it in a punnett square | A * A or A* A*, or A* a |