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bio 2 test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what would be expected if the amt of interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds of the lungs were to increase significantly? | the amt of oxygen entering the circulation from the lungs would decrease |
| organisms in which a circulatiing body fluid is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the bodys cells are likely to have | a closed circulatory system |
| which of the following blood components would interfere with the functioning of an open circulatory system but not a closed one? | red blood cells |
| in which animal does blood flow from the pulmocutaneuos circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body? | frog |
| 3 chambered hearts generally consist of which of the following numbers of atria and ventricles? | 2 atria and 1 ventricle |
| only vertebrae in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart | fish |
| to adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a | 4 chambered heart |
| Through ho w many capillary beds must a human red blood cell travel if it takes the shortest possible route from the right ventricle to the right atrium? | two |
| Which sequence of blood flow can be observed in either a reptile or a mammal? | vena cava → right atrium → ventricle → pulmonary circuit |
| In order for an insect to grow as large as an elephant, what changes or modifications would need to be made in the circulatory systems of insects? | the circulating body fluid would need to be continued in closed vessels and the heart would need to have multiple chambers |
| damage to the sinoatrial node in humans | would disrupt the rate and timing of cardia muscle contractions |
| if the atrioventricular node could be surgically removed from the heart without disrupting signal transmissions to the Purkinje fibers what would be the effect? | atria and ventricles would contract at about the same time |
| a nonfunctional sinoatrial node would | have no significant effect on stroke volume |
| why is the velocity of blood flow the lowest in capillaries? | the total surface are of the capillaries is larger that the totale surface area of the arterioles |
| average blood pressure is the lowest in which structure? | venae cavae |
| what can be expected to happen to the blood pressure of a healthy individual during inhalation | there will be a transient decrease in blood pressure |
| what is the reason that fluid is forced out of the systemic capillaries at the arteriole end? | the hydrostatic presure of the blood is greater than the osmotic pressure of the blood |
| if during protein starvation the osmotic pressure on the venous side of capillary beds drops below the hydrostatic pressure, then | fluids will tend to accumulate in tissues. |
| If a person were suffering from edema, which of the following conditions would help to reduce the accumulation of interstitial fluid? | decrease of the systolic blood pressure |
| What would be the long-term effect if the lymphatic vessels associated with a capillary bed were to become blocked? | fluid would accumulate in interstitial areas. |
| Human plasma proteins include which of the following? | fibrinogen immunoglobulin |
| Which of the following is not a function of plasma proteins in humans? | oxygen transport |
| Cyanide acts as a mitochondrial poison by blocking the final step in the electron transport chain. What will happen to human red blood cells if they are placed in an isotonic solution containing cyanide? | The cells will probably be unaffected. |
| The meshwork that forms the fabric of a blood clot consists mostly of which protein? | fibrin |
| Which of the following is not a normal event in the process of blood clotting? | production of erythropoietin |
| plaque formation by infiltration of lipids into arterial smooth muscles | atherosclerosis |
| Which of the following features do all gas exchange systems have in common? | The exchange surfaces are moist. |
| Why is gas exchange more difficult for aquatic animals with gills than for terrestrial animals with lungs? | Water is denser than air. B) Water contains much less O2 than air per unit volume. |
| Which of the following is an example of countercurrent exchange? | the flow of water across the gills of a fish and that of blood within those gills |
| Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize | diffusion. |
| Which one of the following statements about gills operating in water is false? | Water carries more oxygen than air, and therefore gills need to be more efficient than lungs. |
Created by:
mandyauguste