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Psych FInal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders is most clearly emphasized by the _______ perspective | psychoanalytic |
| Freud suggested that adults with a passive and submissive personality marked by a childlike dependency demonstrate signs of: | an oral fixation |
| Carl Jung emphasized the importance of _______ in personality functioning. | The collective unconscious |
| Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of: | a positive self-concept |
| what are the Big Five Factors | Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism |
| Who emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development? | Rogers |
| The humanistic perspective has been criticized for promoting an excessive degree of: | individualism |
| what is the interaction of influences of behavior, internal cognition and the environment? | reciprocal determinism |
| a readiness to perceive oneself favorably | self-serving bias |
| a current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the: | DSM-IV |
| a sudden loss of memory is a symptom of: | a dissociative disorder |
| a personality disorder in which the person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing. | antisocial personality disorder |
| which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia? a)hallucinations b)delusions c)social withdrawal d)inappropriate rage | social withdrawal |
| therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce: | hallucinations |
| an integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes and gender roles is most clearly provided by: | a bio-psychosocial approach |
| who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process? a) Hans Eysenck b) Egaz Moniz c) Carl Rogers d) Sigmund Freud | d) Sigmund Freud |
| a type of counterconditioning that associated an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior | aversive conditioning |
| the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating | cognition |
| the tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition | fundamental attribution error |
| influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval | normative social influence |
| the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group | group polarization |
| the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them | mere exposure effect |
| the Schacter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal | two-factor theory |
| the tendency for observers, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition | fundamental attribution error |
| the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. | cognitive dissonance theory |
| the loss of self awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity | de-individuation |
| a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it | equity |
| mutual views often held by conflicting people | mirror image perceptions |
| mental image or best example of a category provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories | prototypes |
| logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem | algorithms |
| simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements | heuristics |
| sudden realization of the solution to a problem | insight |
| tendency to search for info that supports our preconceptions major obstacle to problem solving | confirmation bias |
| inability to see a new problem from a new perspective | fixation |
| tendency to approach a problem in a particular way that has worked previously | mental set |
| judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent particular prototypes | representativeness heuristics |
| likelihood of events based on their availability in memory | availability heuristics |
| tendency to be more confident than correct overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs | overconfidence |
| clinging to one's initial conceptions even after proved wrong | belief perseverance |
| an effortless feeling or thought, contrast to conscious reasoning | intuition |
| the way an issue is posed. can significantly affect decisions | framing |
| underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an IQ test (Charles Spearman) | general intelligence |
| identifies clusters of related items on a test. used to identify different dimensions of performance | factor analysis |
| condition in which a person has an exceptional specific skill | savant syndrome |
| analytical creative practical | Sternberg's 3 intelligences |
| academic problem solving, assessed by intelligence tests | analytical intelligence |
| reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas | creative intelligence |
| required for everyday tasks | practical intelligence |
| expertise imaginative skills venturesome personality intrinsic motivation creative environment | 5 components of creativity |
| ability to perceive manage and understand emotions | emotional intelligence |
| measure of intelligence test performance. devised by Binet | mental age |
| American revision of Binet's original intelligence test | Stanford-Binet |
| most widely used intelligence test. Contains verbal and nonverbal subtests | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) |
| defining meaningful scores by comparison with performance of a pretested group | standardization |
| symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes | normal curve |
| extent to which a test yields consistent results | reliability |
| extent to which a test measures or predicts what it's supposed to | validity |
| idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates satisfaction | drive-reduction theory |
| maslow's pyramis of human needs, lower levels must be satisfied before moving up | hierarchy of needs |
| suggests that personality develops as a result of our efforts to resolve conflicts | psychoanalytic perspective |
| oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital | psychosexual stages |
| what are the 6 defense mechanisms? | repression, regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement |
| emphasized the good in people, assumes we are good at the core | humanistic perspective |
| reciprocal determinism: interacting between personality and environmental factors | social-cognitive perspective |
| person is continually tense, apprehensive | anxiety disorder |
| marked by minute-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror | panic disorder |
| persistent and irrational fear of an object/situation | phobias |
| what are the 3 clusters of personality disorders? | avoidant, schizoid, dramatic |
| Freud's theory of personality and therapeutic techniques that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts | psychoanalysis |
| emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth | humanistic psychology |
| apply learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behavior | behavior therapy |
| tendency to give a causal explanation for someone's behavior | attribution theory |
| tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request | foot-in-the-door phenomenon |
| adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard | conformity |
| enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion | group polarization |
| task performed by an individual but in the presence of a group | social facilitation |
| prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame | scapegoat theory |
| when more than person is present, responsibility becomes more "spread out" | diffusion of responsibility |
Created by:
sahluhhmay