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Astronomy 100 FINAL
Astronomy 100 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| True or False: The constellations of the zodiac are all located along the celestial equator. | False |
| True or False: As the Moon orbits the Earth, its same side always faces the Earth. | True |
| True or False: The Big Dipper is part of the constellation Ursa Major. | True |
| Most stars rise in the east and set in the _____ | west |
| The angle of an object of the celestial sphere measured north or south of the celestial equator is called _______ | declination |
| During a total solar eclipse, the glowing light of the Sun's atmosphere (the _______) is visible | corona |
| Sixty minutes of arc is... | one degree of arc |
| The apparent path of the Sun on the Celestial sphere is known as the.... | ecliptic |
| A fist at arm's length is equal to... | ten degrees of arc |
| The Latin meaning of 'stars together' is what we know as... | constellation |
| A total lunar eclipse happens ... | in the Earth's umbra |
| A total solar eclipse happens.. | in the Moon's umbra |
| An annular solar eclipse is when | the outer edge of Sun is seen as a ring |
| A partial solar eclipse happens... | under the Moon's penumbra |
| The vernal equinox happens ... | about March 21 |
| The summer solstice happens... | about June 21 |
| The autumnal equinox happens... | about September 22 |
| The winter solstice happens .... | about December 22 |
| The four season-fall,winter,spring and summer- are due primarily to... | the tilt of the equatorial plane of the Earth with respect to the plane of the ecliptic |
| Retrograde motion is... | motion of a planet that is "backwards" from the normal direction of motion |
| In the United States, the Sun rises and sets farthest north in... | late June |
| When we see the gibbous phase of the Moon... | most of the sunlit side of the Moon is facing the Earth |
| A lunar eclipse occurs only at ______ Moon and a solar eclipse at _______ Moon. | Full - New |
| Which of the following has the largest size? star; planet; galaxy; star cluster; comet | galaxy |
| True or False: The meridian is an imaginary line drawn on the sky from east to west passing over the observer's head. | False - it goes from north to south |
| True or False: We may disprove a scientific theory but we can never absolutely prove one to be true. | True |
| The Moon appears to complete one revolution around the Earth about each _______ | 30 days |
| As the Earth goes around the Sun we see the apparent shift of position of a nearby star against the background of more distant stars. This shift is called stellar ______ | parallax |
| You will never see the two planets Venus and ______ high in the sky at night. | Mercury |
| What is the list of planets in order, starting with the ones closest to the Sun. | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus |
| Who proposed the idea of a moving Earth? | Aristarchus |
| Whose system made a great distinction between Earthly things and things of the heavens? | Aristotle |
| Who used epicycles to explain planetary motion? | Ptolemy |
| Who measured the radius of the Earth? | Eratosthenes |
| Which of the celestial objects have a period of revolution around the Sun of less than 1 year? | Mercury and Venus only |
| Which of the following distances is largest? Earth to Moon; Earth to Sun; Earth to Venus when Venus is at its greatest distance from us; Venus to Sun; Venus to Mercury when they are farthest apart | Earth to Venus when Venus is at its greatest distance from us |
| According to Kepler's laws, a planet moves most slowly when... | it is fartherst from the Sun |
| Kepler's third law determined.... | a planets period of revolution |
| If the Earth spun faster on its axis... | temp differences between day & night would not be as great; length of day would be less; the stars would appear to move faster across the sky; the Moon would appear to move faster across the sky |
| True or False: Mass means the same as weight. | False - mass never changes, weight does |
| True or False: The center of mass of the Sun-Earth system is halfway between the Sun and the Earth. | False - because the Sun is so much greater, the center is probably inside the Sun. The gravity needs to balance between the 2 |
| Galileo say ______ moons near the planet Jupiter | 4 |
| Match the following to the correct one: Ganymede is...less than half lit; a moon of jupiter, more than half lit, measured in kilograms | A moon of Jupiter |
| Match the following to the correct one: Gibbous is....less than half lit; a moon of Jupiter; more than half lit; measured in Kilograms | more than half lit |
| Match the following to the correct one: Crescent is.... less than half lit; a moon of Jupiter; more than half lit; measured in kilograms | less than half lit |
| Match the following to the correct one: Inertia is....less than half lit; a moon of Jupiter; more than half lit; measured in kilograms | measured in kilograms |
| For every action force there is an equal and opposite _____ force. | reaction |
| Galileo's discovery of the satellites of Jupiter was imporant because it indicated that... | the Earth was not the center of all orbital motion; an object can move around the Sun without leaving its moons behind; the Earth might be just another planet, similar in some ways to Jupiter |
| What determines the magnitude (the amount) of gravitational force between two objects? | the mass of the larger object; the mass of the smaller object; the distance between the centers of the objects |
| Who was the first person to use a telescope for astronomy? | Galileo |
| True or False: Stars emit waves of all different regions of the spectrum. | True |
| True or False: By examining a star's emission spectrum we are able to deduce which elements are in its atmosphere. | True |
| _______ showed that a prism separates white light into its component colors. | Newton |
| An object that has the ability to absorb all wavelengths completely is called a ________ | blackbody |
| Which waves below have the longest wavelenth? Radio; X-rays; infrared; Yellow light; ultraviolet | Radio |
| Which of the following regions of the spectrum is emitted by celestial objects? Infrared; radio; ultraviolet | All of them |
| The Bohr model of the atom predicts that light is emitted... | as photons |
| When heated sufficiently, a hot, low-density gas emits... | an emission spectrum |
| In appearance, an absorption spectrum is... | a continuous spectrum disrupted by dark lines |
| The wavelength where the peak of the spectrum of a star is located tells us... | the temperature of the star |
| X-ray, visible, radio - These parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are in what order? | from highest to lowest frequency |
| True or False: All lenses have the same focal length. | False |
| True or False: Radio telescopes are similar in principle to satellite dishes we use to receive television signals from Earth satellites. | True |
| True or False: The center of the Milky Way Galaxy is a steady emitter of radio waves. | True |
| For direct viewing, a second lens, the ________, is added just beyond the focal point. | eyepiece |
| The least important of the powers of a telescope is called _______ | magnification |
| __________ is the defect in optical systems that results in light of different colors being focused at different places. | Chromatic aberration |
| A spectrometer... | separates light by wavelengths |
| Angular size is... | the angle between two lines that start at the observer and go to opposite sides of the object |
| Dispersion is... | separation of light into its various wavelenghts |
| Resolution is... | the smallest angular separation detectable |
| Suppose that you have a (good) reflecting telescope and a (good) refracting telescope with the same diameter objective. Which as a secondary mirror? | The reflector |
| Suppose that you have a (good) reflecting telescope and a (good) refracting telescope with the same diameter ojective. Which has the greater magnifying power? | No general statement can be made. They get the same amount of light and that doesn't determine magnifying power |
| The primary purpose of using a telescope with a large objective rather than a small one is... | greater light-gathering power |
| Changing from a long-focal-length eyepiece to a short-focal-length eyepiece results in.... | greater magnification and less brightness |
| The reason that many major telescopes are placed on high mountains is to.... | get them above as much atmosphere as possible |
| True or False: The plane of revolution of the Moon is tilted compared to the plane of the Earth's revolution about the Sun | True |
| True or False: The locations of the Earth's magnetic poles have wandered in the past. | True |
| True or False: The far side of the Moon has more maria than the side near the Earth. | False |
| The Earth's outer layer or ______ extends to a depth of less than 100 kilometers. | crust |
| Light radiated in the upper atmosphere due to the impact of charged particles is called the ______ | Aurora |
| The temperature of the troposphere becomes ______ as one gets higher | cooler |
| Perihelion is... | Earth at closest distance to Sun |
| Perigee is... | Moon at closest distance to the Earth |
| Revolution is... | The orbiting of one object around another |
| Rotation is... | The spinning about an axis |
| The force of gravity is resposible for... | holding the planets near the sun; the tides; holding the moon near the Earth |
| The gravitational force due to the Moon is exterted... | upon the entire Earth |
| The zenith is... | the point directly overhead |
| If you lived on the Moon at a location from which you could see the Earth, the Earth... | would seem to go through phases |
| If the earth were perfectly spherical and uniform, which of the following phenomena would NOT occur: precession of the earth; parallax of the moon; solar eclipses; lunar eclipses | precession of the earth |
| The thick, solid layer between the crust and the core of the earth is called the .... | mantle |
| It now appears that the best theory for the Moon's origin is the .... | large impact theory |
| True or False: The Sun makes up almost all the mass of the entire solar system. | True |
| True or Falsee: All of the planets rotate in a counterclockwise direction as seen from far above the Earth's North Pole. | False |
| True or False; The terrestrial planets have more satellites than the Jovian planets. | False. The Jovian planets all have more satellites |
| The terrestrial planets rotate _______ than the Jovian planets. | slower |
| The orbits of the planets are all nearly the same plane, that of the ______ | ecliptic |
| Which planets revolve around the Sun in the same direction that the Earth does? | all of the planets |
| List Mars, Saturn and Uranus in order of greatest mass to least mass. | Saturn, Uranus, Mars |
| What causes the solar day of a planet to be different from its sidereal day? | The motion of the planet around the Sun |
| Which planets contain a higher percentage of volatile gases? | The Jovian planets |
| Evidence that planetary systems are common tends to lend credence to... | evolutionary theories |
| True or False: Mercury probably has ice at its poles. | True |
| True or False: Venus rotates in the same direction as the Earth. | False |
| True or False: There is vegetation on Mars. | False |
| The terrestrial planet _____ has 2 moons. | Mars |
| Mercury is tidally locked to the Sun, orbiting _______ while rotating three times. | twice |
| Which is the closest to the Sun? Mercury; Venus; Earth; Mars | Mercury |
| Which has the lowest orbital speed? Mercury; Venus; Earth; Mars | Mars |
| Which is the largest? Mercury; Venus; Earth; Mars | Earth |
| Which has a surface that is not visible from above its atmosphere? Mercury; Venus; Earth; Mars | Venus |
| Mercury's albedo is... | very low, because it has a dark rocky surface and no atmosphere |
| Venus' surface is ______ than would be expected from it's distance from the Sun. This is because_________ | hotter - its cloud cover blocks some infrared radiation from escaping |
| Venus' ______ and _______ are very similar to those of Earth's. | average density - surface gravity |
| The red color of Mars is caused by... | rust |
| Olympus Mons is a .... | mountain on Mars |
| True or False: the interior conditions of Jupiter and Saturn are such that hydrogen acts much like a metal. | True |
| True or False: All of the Jovian planets emit more energy than they absorb from the Sun. | True |
| True or False: Of all planets and moons in the solar system, Titan is probably the best analogue to the Earth's environment before life began on our planet. | True |
| The Jovian moon, which is larger than the planet Mercury, is ________ | Ganymede |
| The ______ is the minimum radius-of-orbit at which a satellite (held together by gravitational forces) may orbit without breaking up. | Roche limit |
| Jupiter's vast ______ envelops most of its satellites. | magetosphere |
| _______ has the brightest rings | Saturn |
| Jupiter's satellite ______ has active volcanoes. | Io |
| _______ is inclined 98 degrees to the ecliptic | Uranus |
| _______ is the largest satellite orbiting Neptune | Triton |
| Who discovered gaps in Saturn's rings? | Cassini |
| Who discovered the planet Uranus? | Herschel |
| Who discovered moon around Jupiter? | Galileo |
| Who predicted the orbit of Neptune? | Adams |
| The Jovian planets are distinguished by .... | low densities; large diameters; ring systems |
| If a planet has differential rotation... | different parts of it have different periods of rotation |
| The alternating belts and zones in Jupiter's cloud cover are... | high and low pressure areas |
| Which of planet is home to the Great Red Spot? | Jupiter |
| Of the planets that have a ring system, which is farthest from the Sun? | Neptune |
| True or False: Pluto has no atmosphere. | False |
| True or False: Asteriods have few, if any, impact craters on them. | False |
| A ______ comparator is used to study two different photographic plates. | blink |
| The best-know comet is named after ______ because he was the first to calculate its orbit. | Halley |
| The "dirty-snowball" model of a comet's nucleus was first proposed by ______ | Fred Whipple |
| The "head" of a comet is the... | Coma |
| The radiant is.... | a point in the sky where meteors seem to come from |
| A stony-iron is... | a type of meterite |
| Asteroids that cross the Earth's orbit come from the... | Apollo |
| Who discovered Pluto? | Clyde Tombaugh |
| Who discovered the first asteroid? | Giuseppe Piazzi |
| Who discovered Charon? | James Christy |
| Who began the search for Pluto? | Percival Lowell |
| A bit of matter that enters the Earth's atmosphere and survies to reach the ground is called.. | a meteroite |
| What might best be called "hairy stars"? | a comet |
| Astronomers are now convinced that the relationship between Pluto and Neptune is: Pluto was once a moon of Neptune; Neptune was a moon of Pluto; Neither is true | Neither is true |
| Most of the asteroids orbit the Sun... | in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter |
| A comets tail... | has one straight made of ionized gases, pointing directly away from the Sun; has one curved pointing made of dust particles, generally away from the Sun; |
| A meteor shower is formed when... | the Earth passes through a cluster of particles in the solar system |
| True or False: Since the Sun has been coverting hydrogen to helium for billions of years it s now composed of about 50% hydrogen and 50% helium? | False |
| True or False: The granulation seen in photographs os the Sun is the tops of convective cells | True |
| True or False: The sunspot cycle is throught to be caused by the differential rotation of the Sun,. | True |
| The _______ chain is a series of nuclear reactions that occur in the Sun's core. | proton-proton |
| The transfer of thermal energy by a gas or fluid by means of motion is called ______ | convection |
| The region between the photosphere and the corona of the Sun is the ______ | chromosphere |
| _______powers the Sun | nuclear fusion |
| ______ creates a comets tail | solar wind |
| ______ is the visible "surface" of the Sun | photosphere |
| _______ is when the Sun's magnetic poles reverse polarity. | Sunspot maximum |
| The surface temperature of the Sun is about... | 5800K |
| Close up photos of the Sun sometimes show "loops" above its visible surface. Astronomers call these.... | prominences |
| The equatorial regions of the Sun rotate... | with a shorter period that regions near its poles |
| Hydrostatic equilibrum describes the balance between... | the weight of material above a point in the Sun and the pressure from below |
| The solar wind is... | material flowing from the Sun out into space |
| The number of sunspots... | changes with a cycle of about 11 years |
| True or False: The absolute magnitude of a star is an indication of its luminosity. | True |
| A star that is one magnitude less than another is actually about ______ times as bright. | 2.5 |
| The brightest star in the night sky (when it can be seen) is _____ | Sirus |
| The small, hot stars at the lower left of the H-R diagram are called ________ stars | White Dwarf |
| 90% of all stars are in the _________ of life. | main sequence |
| The Sun is considered a ______ type of star. | G |
| A known red supergiant is the star ______ | Betelgeuse |
| ________ is associated with brightness | Apparent magnitude |
| If a star is relatively bright and cool, it must be relatively... | large |
| What do we need to know to determine the size of a star? | its temperature and absolute magnitude |
| The OBAFGKM classification of a star is determined by the star's ..... | temperature |
| The H-R diagram is a plot of .... | luminosity versus temperature of a group of stars |
Created by:
juret7674