Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio Unit 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How long ago did fishes first appear in the fossil record? | more than 500 million years ago |
| Three Economic Uses for fish | food, fertilizer, animal feed. Leather, glue, vitamins, recreational fishing and pets. |
| Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum: Fish | Domain Ekaryota, Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Subphylum vertebrata |
| Difference Between fish and fishes | Fish is used for a single individual or more than on individual of the same kind. Fishes refer to more than one kind of fish |
| How do vertebrate chordates differ from the invertebrate chordates? | 1 single dorsal hollow nerve chord 2 gill, or pharyngeal slits 3 a notochord 4 post anal tail 5 also have a backbone |
| Three classes of fishes | class agnatha (jawless fishes), class chondrichthyes( cartilaginous fishes) and class osteichthyes( the bony fishes) |
| Jawless Fishes (Agnatha Fishes) | feed by suction through their round mouths, which are lined by rows of sharp teeth. The body is eel like and lacks paired fins and scales. The skeleton is made up of cartilage. EX: hagfishes, or slime eels |
| Cartilaginous Fishes | sharks, rays, skates and ratfishes. cartilaginous skeletons, movable jaws, mouth is almost always ventral to the head. lateral fins, placoid scales |
| Ventral and Lateral | ventral means the bottom side or belly side. lateral means on the side of the body |
| Sharks | cartilaginous fishes that are efficient carnivores and fast swimmers. long fossil record and are among the top carnivores in the ocean |
| Body plan of sharks | have fusiform bodies that taper from the middle towards both ends. this shape is hydrodynamic. The tail or caudal fin of sharks is very powerful. |
| Jaws and Teeth of Sharks | rows of numerous teeth. usually triangular in shape and very sharp. Embedded in a tough fibrous membrane that covers the jaws. if a shark loses a tooth, a tooth from the row behind it replaces it |
| Size range of sharks | the smallest sharkk , the spiny pygmy shark, is no longer than 10 inches, whereas the larges shark the whale shark, may reach lengths of 60 feet |
| Whale Sharks and Basking sharks | whale sharks are the largest of all fishes- they can be as long as 60 feet. the basking sharks are the second largest of all fishes-they can reach lengths of 50 feet both of these sharks are filter feeders that eat plankton |
| Where in the ocean are sharks found | sharks are found throughout the oceans at practically all depths. They are most common in tropical, shallow waters(where there is abundant prey on which to feed) |
| Where in the ocean are sharks found? | Sharks are found throughout the oceans at practically all depths. They are most common in tropical, shallow waters (where there is abundant prey on which to feed) |
| What are the economic uses of sharks? | sharks are a food source around the world. Shark skin is used as a leather in clothing and other products. Shark fins are used in soup in the orient. Shark cartilage is used in joint remedy products |
| What is the largest threat to sharks today? | Overfishing for shark meat and mostly for shark fins has led to precipitous decline in worldwide shark populations. Sharks are very slow growing ad slow reproducing, which makes overfishing an especially dangerous threat. |
| Generally describee skates and rays | cartilaginous fishes in the class chondrichthyes that have flattened bodies and are bottom dwellers. five pairs of gill slits of skates and rays are ventrally located. Pectoral fins are flat and great expanding, and the eyes are dorsally located |
| Feeding modes of skates and rays. | Some rays are swimming filter feeders, whereas many other skates and rays are carnivores on small bottom-dwelling crustaceans, molluscs and fishes. Saw fishes swim through schools of fish and use their saw-like blades to disable their prey |
| Describe stingrays | whip-like tail with stinging spines at the base for defense. Poison glands produce venom that can cause serious wonds to anyone who is impaled by their spines. bottom-feeders on invertebrates and fishes, and their teeth are modified into grinding plates f |
| What is the characteristic difference between a ray and a skate> | skates are similar to rays in their appearance and feeding habits, but they lack a whip-like tail and stinging spines |
| Describe ratfishes | small group of strange-looking, mostly deep-water cartilaginous fishes that feed on bottom-dwelling crustaceans and molluscs. ratfishes have only one pair of gill slits, which are covered by a flap of skinn. some have long, rat like tails |
| Generally describe the bony fishes | most of the fishes (about 96%) are bony fishes, which are members of class osteothyes. Skeleton made up at least partially of bone. Largest group of living vertebrates, with approximately 26,000 known species |
| Typical body plan of bony fishes and contrast it with that of cartilaginous fishes | typically have gills covered and protected by an operculum or gill cover, which is a bony flap of tissue. In contrast to the cartilaginous fishes, they have cycloid or ctenoid scales, which are thin, flexible and overlapping. |
| Typical body plan of bony fishes and contrast it with that of cartilaginous fishes 2 | scales are made of bone and are covered by a thin layer of skin. the lobes of the caudal fin are the same size. the fins consist of thin membranes that are supported by bony spines called fin rays. Fin rays may be used as rudders, protection, propulsion, |
| Typical tooth plan of bony fishes and contrast it with that of cartilaginous fishes | mouth of most bony fish is terminal- it is located at the anterior end of the body. The jaws of bony fish have a much greater range of motion than do the jaws of cartilaginous fishes. the teeth are gen. attached to the jawbones and do not occur in rows |
| Bony Fishes swimming | typicaly have a swim bladder, a gas-filled sac just above the stomach and intestines that allows the fish to adjust its buoyancy to keep from sinking or rising in the water. the swim bladder helps to compensate for the relatively heavy bones |
| Icthyology | scientific study of fishes |
| Body type- streamlined and fusiform | torpedo-like shakpes that are streamlihned and extremely hydrodynamic. often large fast swimming predators such as tuna and mackerels, which are capable of maintaining speed for long distance but not good at maneuvering |
| Laterally compressed | thin from side to side, which is a good shape for maneuvering around coral reefs , kelp beds, or rocky areas. they are capable of short bursts of speed, snappers wrassers, damselfishes, etc |
| Flattened top-to-bottom | this type are typically flat and demersal, rays skates and sea moths are examples |
| elongated or eel like | often live in narrow spaces such as in coral reefs, rocks or vegetation. highly maneuverable and able to fit in tight spaces but they are slow swimers, moray eels, trumpet fish, and pipefishes |
| odd ball | oddball shapes, typically slow swimmers whose shape contributes to their lifestyle in some way . sea horses live in vegetation and use their tails to anchor themselves. pufferfishes inflate into spiny balls to avoid predation |
| two examples of how fish body shape can be useful for camoflage | elongated fishes such as pipefishes and trumpetfihses live among vegetation, which the resemble due to their body shape. Stonefishes, which are flattened top-to-bottom, resemble the bottom so closely that they are often impossible to see |
| Two types of coloration in fishes | pigments and structural colors. the colored pigments in bony fishes are found in special skin cells called chromatophores. The colors of fishes result from combinations of different shaped chromatophores with varying amounts of different pigments. |
| Coloration in fishes 2 | many fishes can change their coloration by changing the shape of the chromatophores. Structural coloration results when skin surface of the fish only reflect certain colors of light. structural colors are the consequence of crystals that act like mirrors |
| Coloration in fishes 3 | the crystals are contained in special chromatophores called iridophores. the iridescent, shiny "color" of many fishes is produced from a combination of pigments and structural colors |
| Why fishes are colored | 1 it may signal mood or reproductive condition to other fish of the same species. 2, may advertise bad taste, danger or poison-this is known as warning coloration 3 it may help the fish blend in with its surroundings- this is known as cryptic coloration |
| Why fishes are colored 2 | 4 presence of stripes, bars or spots may help disguise the fish from predators by breaking up the outline of the fish- this is known as disruptive coloration |
| Why fishes are colored 3 | having a dark back helps disguise fishes from both predators and pery that are above them, because they blend in with the dark bottom; |
| Why fishes are colored 4 | having a light belly helps disguise fishes from both predators and prey that are below them, because they blend in with the lighter, sunlit water above them. Having a dark back and light belly is called counterhsading and it is very common |
| Three reason fishes swim | to obtain food, avoid predators and find mates |
| how most fishes swim | by using a rhythmic side-to-side motion of their bodies. sh-shaped waves of contractions moving from head to tail push against the water and force the body forward |
| Role of myomeres in swimming | bands of muscles using a rhythmic side-to-side motion of their bodies. they produce the contractions that propel the body during swimming. these muscles may make up as much as 75% of a fish's body weight |
| Why do sharks tend to sink? How do they compensate? | because they lack a swim bladder, which provides buoyancy for bony fishes. To compnsate they have large, still pectoral fins that provide lift. Liver is large and very rich in oils which are less dense than water and also provide some buoyancy |
| Maneuverability in bony fishes | swim bladders that provide buoyancy they do not depend on their pectoral fins for lift as much as cartilaginous fishes do. the pectoral fins provide a great deal of maneuverability to bony fishes-- they can hover and even swim backwards. |
| Maneuverability in bony fishes | the anal fins act as rudders for steering and stability, and the pelvic fins help in turning, braking and balancing |
| Describe feeding by cartilaginous fishes | sharks, skates and rays feed by taking bites from their prey which may be larger than they are. filter feeding carilaginous fishes such as whale sharks and manta rays, strain food from the water with gill rakers. |
| Advantage of a protrusible jaw |
Created by:
Mercenary_Jane