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Anesthesia..
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The following question would be a good example of how to ask a client a question; "your dog does not exercise much, does he, Mrs. Jones? | false |
| Blood tests such as ALT have minimal value for an anesthetist. | false |
| it is always best to withhold food and water from any patient scheduled to received a general anesthetic for at least 12 hours before the scheduled procedure. | false |
| which of the following is not a valid reason for administering a pre-anesthetic medication? | It increases patient safety by allowing the animal to stay under the general anesthesia for a longer time. |
| Given the busy nature of a veterinary practice, it is probably best to assume that the same anesthetic protocol should be used on all patients having surgery that day. | false |
| The obese dog will require more anesthetic than a normal-weight dog of the same breed. | false |
| the patient that is anemic or moderately dehydrated would be classified as a ________ anesthetic risk. | class 3 |
| What information is included in the patient's signalment? | Age, gender, breed, weight |
| Why is it important to review all medications and supplements that a patient is taking before beginning the surgery? | To avoid possible drug interactions, To know if other diagnostic tests are indicated, To make any necessary adjustments to the anesthesia protocol (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| Which of the following should be assessed during the history taking? | Patient's attitude and mental status, Patient's previous medical problems and treatments, Patient's ability to see and hear, Patient's gait and body condition (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| which of the following should be performed on the day of surgery before the anesthesia? | A thorough physical examination, Review of the patient's medical history, Pre-anesthetic diagnostics (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| The minimum database (MDB) for a young, healthy feline patient having elective surgery would most likely include which of the following diagnostic tests? | CBC, serum chemistry panel, FeLV/FlV test, intestinal parasite test and urinalysis |
| What is the purpose of pre-medicating a patient before inducing anesthesia for surgery? | To provide a smooth transition to anesthesia, To provide pre-emptive analgesia, to facilitate a smooth recovery from anesthesia (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| stopped test one | |
| A neuroleptanalgesic is a combination of: | an opioid and a tranquilizer |
| Most preanesthetics will not cross the placental barrier | false |
| It is recommended that atropine not be given to an animal that has tachycardia. | true |
| Anticholinergic drugs such as atropine block the release of acetylcholine at the: | Muscarinic receptors of the parasympathetic system |
| High doses of opioids can cause bradycardia and respiratory depression. | true |
| Severe bradycardia caused by dexmedetomidine is best treated with the following drug: | Atipamezole |
| Opioids may be reversed with: | Naloxone |
| Which of the following drugs will precipitate out when mixed with other drugs or solutions? | Diazempam |
| Etomidate is particularly well suited for induction of dogs with which of the following problems? | Severe cardiac disease |
| Which of the following is an example of a dissociative anesthetic? | Ketamine hydrochloride |
| One of the disadvantages of the drug methohexital is that animals that are anesthetized with it may demonstrate excitement during recovery. | true |
| Compared with methoxyflurane, isoflurane is considered to have a: | Higher vapor pressure |
| An anesthetic agent that has a low blood-gas partition coefficient will result in induction and recovery time. | fast |
| Which of the following has the lowest blood-gas partition coefficient? | Sevoflurane |
| As a rough guideline, to safely maintain a surgical plane of anesthesia, the vaporizer should be set at about: | 1.5 X MAC |
| Propofol sometimes causes transient apnea. To avoid this, the anesthetist should: | Titrate this drug in several boluses |
| One problem frequently associated with recovery from tiletamine-zolazepam in dogs is: | Excitement |
| The concentration of barbiturate entering the brain is affected by a variety of factors such as: | Perfusion of the brain, Lipid solubility of the drug, Plasma protein levels, Blood pH |
| Effects that are commonly seen after administration of a dissociative include: | Increased blood pressure, Increased heart rate, Increased CSF pressure, Increased intraocular pressure |
| Adverse effects common with isoflurane include: | Depression of respiration |
| MAC will vary with: | Body temperature of the pt, Age of the patient, Concurrent use of other drugs, Anesthetic agent |
| Factors that may affect the speed of anesthetic induction with a volatile gaseous anesthetic include: | Partition coefficient of the agent, vaporizer setting |
| Which of the following are alpha2-agonists? | Xylazine, Dexmedetomidine |
| Effects that atropine may have on the body include: | Decreased salivation, Decreased GI motility, Mydriasis |
| Characteristic effects of the benzodiazepines inciude: | muscle relaxation, Minimal effect on cardiovascular system |
| Preanesthetic agents reduce the required dose of general anesthetics, minimize adverse effects, ease induction and recovery, provide muscle relaxation, and reduce patient stress and discomfort.. | . |
| Although not anesthetics, the anticholinergics atropine and glycopyrrolate are used to prevent bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, excessive salivation, and other parasympathetic effects.. | These agents must be used sparingly, and with caution, as they can produce serious adverse effects. |
| Tranquilizing agents include phenothiazines, benzodiazepines, and alpha-2-agonists. Phenothiazines have a wide margin of safety but may cause hypotension in some patients.Benzodiazepines have a calming effect on geriatric and .. | debilitated animals and are excellent for prevention and treatment of seizures. Alpha2-agonists are potent sedatives and produce excellent muscle relaxation but may cause serious cardiovascular and respiratory complications in some patients. |
| Opioid agonists, partial agonists, and agonist-antagoniits may be used as preanesthetic agents, analgesics, and (in combination with tranquilizers) neuroleptanalgesics and induction agents.. | Many of the best analgesics availabie are in this group. With few exceptions, their use is subject to government regulation regarding purchase, handling, and dispensing. |
| Opioids,alpha2-agonists, and benzodiazepines have corresponding reversal agents that can be used to sequentially sedate or anesthetize and then wake patients when a procedure or surgery is completed.. | . |
| Although commonly used injectable and inhalation anesthetics have a relatively good safety profile, they have the potential to produce significant cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory system depression.. | . |
| Injectable anesthetics include propofol, dissociatives(ketamine and tiletamine), barbiturates (thiopental and methohexital), neuroleptanalgesic combinations, and etomidate.. | . |
| Barbiturates are divided into classes based on duration of action. The ultra-short-acting agents thiopental and methohexital are used for anesthetic induction (and maintenance in the case of methohexital), the short-acting agent pentobarbital is used to.. | stop seizures and for laboratory animal anesthesia, and the long-acting agent phenobarbital is used for seizure control. These classes differ in their lipid solubility, duration of effect, and distribution within the body. |
| Barbiturates show unusual potency in patients that are acidotic, hypoproteinemic, or hypotensive. They may cause prolonged recoveries in sighthounds.. | . |
| Most intravenous (IV) anesthetics are administered by titration (or "to effect") to achieve the minimum effective dose.. | . |
| Injectable anesthetics are eliminated by redistribution, liver metabolism, and renal excretion, whereas commonly used inhalation anesthetics are eliminated primarily by exhalation from the lungs.. | . |
| Dissociatives such as ketamine and tiletamine produce a state of dissociative anesthesia characterized by intact reflexes, central nervous system (CNS) excitement, apneustic.. | respiration, tachycardia, and intact or increased muscle tone. Concurrent use of a tranquilizer is recommended to promote muscle relaxation and to prevent excitement during recovery. |
| Neuroleptanalgesia is a profound hypnotic state produced by the simultaneous administration of an opioid and a tranquilizer. These agents provide relatively safe induction in debilitated patients.. | . |
| Propofol, methohexital, and etomidate are induction agents that can be given by repeat injection to maintain anesthesia.. | . |
| The inhalation agents in common use are isoflurane and sevoflurane. Both agents are administered by means of an anesthetic machine and either a mask or an endotracheal tube.. | . |
| Inhalation anesthetic agents vary in their blood-gas partition coefficient, vapor pressure, and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC).. | These properties affect the speed of induction and recovery, the type of vaporizer that should be used, and the vaporizer setting that is required for anesthetic induction and maintenance. |
| All inhalation anesthetics may cause respiratory depression and decrease cardiac output and blood pressure. In addition, halothane may potentiate cardiac arrhythmias.. | Of the commonly used agents, isoflurane and sevoflurane are considered to have the greatest margin of safety and the shortest induction and recovery times. |
| Reversal agents and analeptics may be given after anesthesia to hasten anesthetic recovery. Doxapram is a nonspecific respiratory stimulant that may accelerate arousal from barbiturate or inhalation anesthesia.. | . |
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brains90