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Nutrition Final DH
Understanding Nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| True or False? Fiber decreases coronary disease and Type II Diabetes. | True |
| Fats in the diet should come from polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids which include all of the following with the exception of one. Which one is the exception? | Coconut oil |
| Nutrient-dense foods deliver the most nutrients for the least food energy. To calculate nutrient density, divide milligrams by kcalories. | Both statements are TRUE |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of a complete protein? | Chips and salsa |
| A complete protein is a protein that provides all of the essential amino acids. They are usually animal based foods, but can be made by combining certain non-animal based foods. | Both statements are true |
| Who does not need vitamin supplements? | People who eat a balanced diet |
| When taking a dietary supplement you should avoid products that make “high potency” claims. Dietary supplements are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration as foods. | Both statements are true |
| What is the fruit/vegetable with the most concentration of Vitamin C? | Broccoli |
| All of the following are benefits of food biotechnology except: a. Improved nutrient composition b. Extended shelf life c. Creation of biological weapons d. Efficient food processing e. All of the above are benefits | c. Creation of biological weapons |
| True or False: Genetic engineering is the use of biotechnology to modify the genetic material of living cells so that they will produce new substances or perform new function. | True |
| Which of the following is the most highly abused psychoactive substance in the world? | caffeine |
| For people seeking increased energy, doctors would rather prescribe all of the following EXCEPT: | energy drinks |
| All of the following are physical characteristics of a child inflicted with fetal alcohol syndrome EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? a) small eye openings b) thin upper lip c) large bulbous nose d) epicanthal folds | c) large bulbous nose |
| The FDA regulates the amount of alcohol that is safe for pregnant women to drink based on their body weight. | False |
| True or False? Emotional eating is the practice of consuming large quantities of food, usually "comfort" or junk foods, in response to feelings instead of hunger. | True |
| All of the following are eating triggers. Which is the exception? a. social b. emotional c. situational d. confrontational e. psychological | d. confrontational |
| All of the following statements are true about the reasons to go organic. Which one is the EXCEPTION? | to detoxify chemicals accumulated in the body |
| An organic certification program is established by: | USDA |
| What is the FDA's role in the safety of food additives? | Requires all ingredients to be listed on labels Additives may be only listed as spices or flavorings unless deemed harmful Require multiple tests deeming safe for human consumption before approval All of the above |
| True or False- Vitamin D found in foods is more difficult to absorb than the type via sun exposure. | True |
| •Vitamin D is not a treatment for periodontitis, but the benefits of adequate vitamin D may contribute to the effectiveness of: | conventional periodontal therapy |
| 1. All of the following are example(s) of a complex carbohydrate(s) EXCEPT: | d. Frosted flakes cereal |
| 2. ____________ has the ability to remove cholesterol from the arterial walls and take it back to the liver where it is excreted. | b. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) |
| 3. Which of the following stimulate(s) pass through the placental barrier and can negatively affect growth and development of an embryo? | a. Caffeine b. Alcohol c. Tobacco d. All of the above=Correct answer |
| 4. All of the following statements are true regarding cholesterol EXCEPT: | Total cholesterol readings should be under 220. |
| 5. A long term deficiency of vitamin C may cause this oral condition: | a. Scurvy |
| 6. A deficiency of vitamin K may cause this condition: | a. Prolonged bleeding |
| 7. An iron deficiency in the elderly population is associated with this condition: | c. Anemia |
| 8. A folic acid deficiency during pregnancy may cause this oral condition during fetal development: | b. Cleft lip/palate |
| 9. Which of the following are considered antioxidants? | c. Vitamins E, C, and Beta-Carotene |
| 10. The most serious damage to oral structures from exposure to nutritional deficiencies are most likely to occur beginning _______________. | b. 6-9 weeks gestation |
| 11. The relationship between diet and dental caries normally involves all of the following EXCEPT: | d. Adequate oral hygiene. |
| 12. When oral hygiene does not follow a meal, caries counseling suggestions may include _______________. | a. ending a meal with a fat or protein rich food. b. chewing gum with xylitol c. rinsing with water after a meal d. All of the above=correct answer |
| 13. Fat soluble vitamins include: | c. A, D, E, K |
| 14. All of the following are examples of heart healthy fats EXCEPT: | d. Butter |
| 15. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. | a. True |
| 16. An eating disorder may involve a combination of starvation, purging, and/or binging. | a. True |
| 17. The most important dietary consideration when counseling a patient about diet and dental caries is the frequency of carbohydrate ingestion. | a. True |
| 18. Involving children in meal preparation and never using food as a reward or a punishment can teach children healthy eating strategies. | a. True |
| 19. Which combination of vitamins/minerals (is/are) essential for the calcification of teeth: | a. Calcium, Phosphorus, Vitamin D |
| 20. Vitamin C is important in periodontal health because it _______________. | a. aids in collagen formation b. promotes capillary integrity c. enhances immune response d. All of the above=correct answer |
| 1. The FDA classifies herbal products as ____________. | d. dietary aids |
| 2. A megadose is defined as a dose __________ times greater than the RDA. | d. more than 10 |
| 3. Senior vitamins should contain _______________. | e. reduced amounts of iron and vitamin K |
| 4. All-natural vitamin E vitamins should only contain ____________. | c. d-alpha-tocopherol |
| 5. The herbal supplement __________ is used as an antiseptic and to reduce nasal soreness. | d. goldenseal |
| 6. The herbal supplement __________ will interact adversely with morphine. | e. yohimbe |
| 7. At a minimum, St. John's wort should be discontinued ________ prior to surgery. | c. 5 days |
| 8. Xanax is also known as ____________. | a. alprazolam |
| 9. Dietary supplements can also cause harmful reactions by _______________. | b. interacting chemically with prescription meds |
| 10. In ________ the FDA banned all ephedra-containing products. | d. 2004 |
| 11. In ancient times, plants were assigned curative powers based on ____________. | d. shape |
| 12. The Native Americans used __________ to reduce fever. | d. willow bark |
| 13. Herbal medications are sometimes referred to as __________. | a. botanicals |
| 14. All of the following herbs top the list for most purchases except __________. | a. chamomile |
| 15. The ____________ regulates herbal supplements. | a. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act |
| 16. __________ is an herbal supplement that might help a patient alleviate xerostomia. | e. Yohimbe |
| 17. Ephedra is also called __________. | e. ma huang |
| 18. __________ is an herbal supplement a patient might take to help alleviate insomnia. | a. Valerian |
| 19. Of the following, ____________ presents the most drug reaction probability with herbal supplements. | e. vasoconstrictors |
| 20. ____________ is the most common side effect of interactions between herbal supplements and dental medicines. | b. Bleeding |
| 21. The herbal supplement that reduces the efficacy of tetracycline by up to 80% is ____________. | b. cassia cinnamon |
| 22. When dried improperly, ____________ can prevent blood clotting. | e. red clover hay |
| 23. The herbal supplement __________ sometimes taken for Raynaud's disease can interfere with blood clotting. | a. cayenne |
| 24. Vitamins for postmenopausal women should contain ____________ iron. | b. 9 mg |
| 25. ____________ has been marketed in oral rinses and toothpastes with evidence of safety and effectiveness. | b. Bloodroot extract |
| 26. ____________ may help reduce dental caries. | b. Dandelion |
| 27. Side effects of using the herbal supplement licorice include _______________. | d. inability to regulate blood pressure |
| 28. ____________ may interact with general anesthesia. | a. Milk thistle |
| 29. Almost all herbal supplements that inhibit blood clotting act as a ____________ analog. | e. vitamin K |
| 30. __________ has the side effect of lowering serum levels of drugs metabolized via the cytochrome P450 pathways. | a. St. John's wort |
| 1.2 When people eat the foods typical of their families or geographic region, their choices are influenced by | Heritage or tradition |
| 1.7 The nutrient found most abundantly in both the human body and most foods is | Water |
| 1.8 The inorganic nutrients are | Minerals and water |
| 1.9 The energy yielding nutrients are | Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins |
| 1.12 Studies of populations that reveal correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence are | Epidemiological studies |
| 1.13 An experiment in which neither the researchers nor the subjects know who is receiving the treatment is known as | Double blind |
| 1.16 An RDA represents the Average amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people | |
| 1.19 Historical information, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and anthropometric measurements are | Methods used in a nutrition assessment |
| 1.20 A deficiency caused by an inadequate dietary intake | Primary deficiency |
| 1.22 Behaviors such as smoking, dietary habits, physical activity, and alcohol consumption that influence the development of disease are known as | Risk factors |
| 2.3 The diet planning principle that provides all essential nutrients in sufficient amounts to support health is | Adequacy |
| 2.4 A person who chooses a chicken leg that provides 0..5 milligrams of iron and 95 kcalories instead of two tablespoon of peanut butter that also provides 0.5. milligrams of iron but 188 kcalories is using the principle | Density |
| 2.5 Which of the following is consistent with the dietary guidelines for Americans | Balance the food you eat with physical activity |
| 2.8 According to the USDA food guide, added fats and sugars are counted as | Discretionary kcalories |
| 2.9 Foods with a given food group of the USDA food guide are similar in their contents of | Vitamins and minerals |
| 2.10 In the exchange system, each portion of food on any given list provides about the same amount of | Energy |
| 2.11 Enriched grain products are fortified with | Iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate |
| 2.15 Food labels list ingredients in Descending order of predominance by weight | |
| 2.16 Milk builds strong bones, is an example of a | Structure-function claim |
| 2.17 Daily values on food labels are based on a | 2000 kcalorie diet |
| 3.4 The semiliquid, partially digested food that travels through the intestinal tract is called | Chime |
| 3.5 The muscular contractions that move food through the GI tract are called | Peristalsis |
| 3.6 The main function of bile is to | Emulsify fats |
| 3.7 The pancreas neutralizes stomach acid in the small intestine by secreting | Bicarbonate |
| 3.8 Which nutrient passes through the GI tract mostly undigested and unabsorbed | Fiber |
| 3.10 Absorption occurs primarily in the | Small intestine |
| 3.12 All blood leaving the GI tract travels first to the | Liver |
| 3.13 Which nutrients leave the GI tract by way of the lymphatic system | Fats and fat-soluble vitamins |
| 3.17 Digestion and absorption are coordinated by the | Hormonal system and the nervous system |
| 3.18 Gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin are examples of | Hormones |
| 4.4 Disaccharides include | Sucrose, maltose, and lactose |
| 4.5 The making of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides is an example of | Condensation |
| 4.6 The significant difference between starch and cellulose is that | Digestive enzymes can break the bonds in starch, but not cellulose |
| 4.8 The ultimate goal of carbohydrate digestion and absorption is to yield | Glucose |
| 4.9 The enzyme that breaks a disaccharide into glucose and galactose is | Lactase |
| 4.12 The storage form of glucose in the body is | Glycogen |
| 4.13 With insufficient glucose in metabolism, fat fragments combine to form | Ketone bodies |
| 4.14 What does the pancreas secrete when blood glucose rises | When blood glucose falls |
| 4.19 Carbohydrates are found in virtually all foods except | Meats |
| 4.20 What percentage of the daily energy intake should come from carbohydrates | 45 to 65% |
| 5.6 Saturated fatty acids | Are fully loaded with hydrogens |
| 5.7 A triglyceride consists of | Three fatty acids attached to a glycerol |
| 5.8 The difference between cis- and trans- fatty acids is | The configuration around the double bond |
| 5.11 Which of the following is not true | Lecithin is |
| 5.14 Chylomicrons are produced in the | Small intestine |
| 5.15 Transport vehicles for lipids are called | Lipoproteins |
| 5.17 Which of the following is not true | Fats |
| 5.18 The essential fatty acids include | Linoleic acid and linolenic acid |
| 5.22 The lipoprotein most associated with a high risk of heart disease is | LDL |
| 5.23 A person consuming 2200 kcalories a day who wants to meet health recommendations should limit daily fat intake to | 50 to 85 grams |
| 6.3 Which part of its chemical structure differentiates one amino acid from another | Its side group |
| 6.4 Isoleucine, leucine, and lysine are | Essential amino acids |
| 6.6 In the stomach, hydrochloric acid | Denatures proteins and activates pepsin |
| 6.11 Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions are | Enzymes |
| 6.12 If an essential amino acid that is needed to make a protein is unavailable, the cells must | Break down proteins to obtain it |
| 6.13 Protein turnover describes the amount of protein | Synthesized and degraded |
| 6.16 Which of the following foods provides the highest quality protein | Egg |
| 6.21 Marasmus develops from | Inadequate protein and energy intake |
| 6.22 The protein RDA for a healthy adult who weighs 180 pounds is | 65 grams/day |
| 6.23 Which of these foods has the least protein per ½ cup | Orange Juice |
| 7.5 Hydrolysis is an example of a(n) | Catabolic reaction |
| 7.6 During metabolism, released energy is captured and transferred by: | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
| 7.10 Glycolysis | Converts glucose to pyruvate |
| 7.11 The pathway from pyruvate to acetyl CoA | Is metabolically irreversible |
| 7.12 For complete oxidation, acetyl CoA enters | The TCA cycle (Krebs) |
| 7.13 Deamination of an amino acid produces | Ammonia and a keto acid |
| 7.14 Before entering the TCA cycle, each of the energy-yielding nutrients is broken down to | Acetyl CoA |
| 7.18 The body stores energy for future use in | Triglycerides (fats) |
| 7.19 During a fast, when glycogen stores have been depleted, the body begins to synthesize glucose from | Amino acids (proteins) |
| 7.20 During a fast, the body produces ketone bodies by | Condensing acetyl CoA |
| 8.2 A person who consistently consumes 1700 kcalories a day and spends 2200 kcalories a day for a month would | Lose 4 to 5 pounds |
| 8.4 A bomb calorimeter measures | Energy available from foods |
| 8.5 The psychological desire to eat that accompanies the sight, smell or thought of food is known as | Appetite |
| 8.6 A person watching television after dinner reaches for a snack during a commercial in response to | External cues |
| 8.8 The largest component of energy expenditure is | Basal metabolism |
| 8.9 A major factor influencing BMR is | Body composition |
| 8.10 The thermic effect of an 800 kcalorie meal is about | 80 kcalories |
| 8.15 For health’s sake, a person with a BMI of 21 might want to | Maintain weight |
| 8.16 Which of the following reflects height and weight | Body mass index |
| 8.17 Which of the following increases disease risks | Central obesity |
| 10.3 Vitamins: organic | Are soluble in either water or fat |
| 10.4 The rate at and the extent to which a vitamin is absorbed and used in the body is known as its | Bioavalibility |
| 10.10 Many of the B vitamins serve as | Coenzymes |
| 10.11 With respect to thiamin, which of the following is the most nutrient dense | 1 cup of snow peas (which have 69kcalories and 0.22 milligram thiamin) |
| 10.12 The body can make niacin from | Tryptophan |
| 10.13 The vitamin that protects against neural tube defects is | Folate |
| 10.14 A lack of intrinsic factor may lead to | Pernicious anemia |
| 10.15 Which of the following is a B vitamin | Pantothenic acid |
| 10.17 Vitamin C serves as a(n) | Antioxidant |
| 10.18 The requirement for vitamin C is highest for | Smokers |
| 11.3 The form of vitamin A active in vision is | Retinal |
| 11.4 Vitamin A- deficiency symptoms include | Night blindness and keratomalacia |
| 11.5 Good sources of vitamin A include | Apricots, turnip greens, and liver |
| 11.7 To keep minerals available in the blood, vitamin D targets | The intestines, the kidneys, and the bones |
| 11.8 Vitamin D can by synthesized from a precursor that the body makes from | Cholesterol |
| 11.10 Vitamin E’s most notable role is to | Protect lipids against oxidation |
| 11.11 The classic sign of vitamin E deficiency is | Erythrocyte hemolysis |
| 11.13 Without vitamin K | Blood fails to clot |
| 11.14 A significant amount of vitamin K comes from | Bacterial synthesis |
| 11.16 Fat soluble vitamins | Require bile for absorption |
| 12.5 The body generates water during the | Oxidation of energy nutrients through the electron transport chain |
| 12.6 Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance and acid base balance depends primarily on the | Kidneys |
| 12.9 The distinction between the major and trace minerals reflects the | Amounts of their contents in the body |
| 12.15 The principal cation in extracellular fluids is | Sodium |
| 12.16 The role of chloride in the stomach is to help | Maintain a strong acidity |
| 12.17 Which would provide the most potassium | Potatoes |
| 12.18 Calcium homeostasis depends on | Vitamin D, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone |
| 12.19 Calcium absorption is hindered by | Oxalates |
| 12.20 Phosphorus assists in many activities in the body, but not | The clotting of blood |
| 12.21 Most of the body’s magnesium can be found in the | Bones |
| 13.10 Iron absorption is impaired by | Phytates |
| 13.11 Which of these people is least likely to develop an iron deficiency | 52 year old man |
| 13.12 Which of the following would not describe the blood cells of a severe iron deficiency | Pernicious |
| 13.13 Which provides the most absorbable iron | 3 ounces of steak |
| 13.14 The intestinal protein that helps to regulate zinc absorption is | Metallothionein |
| 13.15 A classic sign of zinc deficiency is | Growth retardation |
| 13.16 Cretinism is caused by a deficiency of | Iodine |
| 13.17 The mineral best known for its role as an antioxidant is | Selenium |
| 13.18 Fluorosis occurs when fluoride | Is excessive |
| 13.19 Which mineral enhances insulin activity | Chromium |
| 15.6 The spongy structure that delivers nutrients to the fetus and returns waste products to the mother is called | Placenta |
| 15.9 Which of these strategies is not a healthy option for an overweight woman | Follow a weight loss diet during pregnancy |
| 15.10 A reasonable weight gain during pregnancy for a normal-weight woman is about | 30 pounds |
| 15.12 Energy needs during pregnancy increase by about | 300 kcalories/day |
| 15.16 To help prevent neural tube defects, grain products are now fortified with | Folate |
| 15.17 Pregnant women should not take supplements of | Vitamin A |
| 15.18 The combination of high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and edema signals | Preeclampsia |
| 15.20 To facilitate lactation, a mother needs | Adequate nutrition and rest |
| 15.21 A breastfeeding woman should drink plenty of water to | Prevent dehydration |
| 15.22 A woman may need iron supplements during lactation | To replace the iron in her body’s stores |
| 16.5 A reasonable weight for a healthy 5 month old infant who weighed 8 pounds at birth might be | 16 pounds |
| 16.6 Dehydration can develop quickly in infants because | Much of their body water is extracellular |
| 16.7 An infant should begin eating solid foods between | 4 to 6 months |
| 16.14 Among U.S and Canadian children, the most prevalent nutrient deficiency is of | Iron |
| 16.15 A true food allergy always | Elicits an immune response |
| 16.16 Which of the following strategies is not effective | Use dessert as a reward for eating vegetable |
| 16.21 To help teenagers consume a balances diet, parents can | Keep the pantry and refrigerator well stocked |
| 16.22 During adolescence, energy and nutrient needs | Reach a peak |
| 16.23 The nutrients most likely to fall short in the adolescent diet are | Iron and calcium |
| 16.24 To balance the day’s intake, an adolescent who eats a hamburger, fries, and cola at lunch might benefit most from a dinner of | Spaghetti with meat sauce, broccoli and milk |
| 17.2 Life expectancy in the U.S. is about | 68 to 80 years |
| 17.3 The human life span is about | 130 years |
| 17.4 A 72 year old person whose physical health is similar to that of people 10 years younger has a(n) | Physiological age of 62 |
| 17.5 Rats live longest when given diets that | Restrict their energy intakes |
| 17.7 Which characteristic is not commonly associated with atrophic gastritis | Vitamin B12 toxicity |
| 17.11 On average, adult energy needs | Decline 5% per decade |
| 17.13 Which nutrients seem to protect against cataract development | Antioxidants |
| 17.14 The best dietary advice for a person with osteoarthritis might be | Lose weight, if overweight |
| 17.16 Congregate meal programs are preferable to meals on wheels because they provide | Social interaction |
| 17.17 The OAA Nutrition program is available to | All people 60 years and older |
Created by:
nayray