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Ap Lang Rhetrocial 1
Flash cards for Irony-apostrophe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Irony | implied discrepancy between what is said and what is meant |
| Verbal Irony | Author says one thing and means another |
| Dramatic Irony | When the audience knows more than the characters |
| Situational Irony | Discrepancy between expected and actual result |
| Cosmic Irony | The idea that fate, destiny, or a god controls and toys with human hopes and expectations |
| Structural Irony | Pervasive irony created by a structural feature such as a naive protagonist whose viewpoint is consistently wrong, shared by neither author nor reader |
| Satire | The use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, or the like, in exposing, denouncing, or deriding vice, folly, etc. |
| Farce | a light, humorous play in which the plot depends upon a skillfully exploited situation rather than upon the development of character |
| Parody | A humorous or satirical imitation of a serous piece of literature or writing |
| Utopia | an ideal place or state |
| Dystopia | A society characterized by human misery, as squalor, oppression, disease, and overcrowding |
| Parallel Structure | the term writers use to describe similar ideas expressed in similar ways |
| Metaphor | a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance, as in “A mighty fortress is our god.” |
| Parallelism | Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. |
| Anaphora | a literary or oratorical device involving the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several sentences or clauses |
| Chiasmus | an inverted relationship between the syntactic elements of parallel phrases (as in Goldsmith's to stop too fearful, and too faint to go) |
| Polysyndeton | is the use of a conjunction between each word, phrase, or clause, and is thus structurally the opposite of asyndeton. |
| Zeugma | the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words usually in such a manner that it applies to each in a different sense or makes sense with only one (as in “opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy”) |
| Metonymy | a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related, or of which it is a part |
| Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole (for example, ABCs for alphabet) or the whole for a part ("England won the World Cup in 1966"). |
| dead metaphor | A figure of speech that has lost its force and imaginative effectiveness through frequent use. |
| extended metaphor | A comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem. |
| mixed metaphor | when someone combines two unrelated metaphors. |
| Simile | is the comparison of two unlike things using like or as |
| Personification | giving human traits (qualities, feelings, action, or characteristics) to non-living objects (things, colors, qualities, or ideas). |
| pathetic fallacy | the endowment of nature, inanimate objects, etc., with human traits and feelings, as in the smiling skies; the angry sea. |
| rhetorical question | a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered |
| paradox | a statement that contradicts itself |
| hyperbole | A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect |
| understatement | a statement that is restrained in ironic contrast to what might have been said |
| litotes | A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite, as in This is n o small problem. |
| direct address | The vocative case (abbreviated ) is the case used for a noun identifying the person (animal, object, etc.) being addressed and/or occasionally the determiners of that noun. |
| colloquial language | This is the language of everyday communication. Usually applies to spoken texts. |
| Connotation | The emotional implications and associations that a word may carry. |
| Denotation | the explicit or direct meaning or set of meanings of a word or expression |
| diction | word choice, particularly as an element of style. |
| Bombast | pompous or pretentious talk or writing |
| Asyndeton | a writing style that omits conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses (the opposite of polysyndeton). |
| Allusion | An indirect reference to something with which the reader is supposed to be familiar such as another work of literature. |
| abstract language | Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people or places. |
| concrete language | Language that describes specific, observable things, peoples or places, rather than ideas or qualities. |
| Imagery | Word or words that create a picture in the reader's mind. |
| Synaesthesia | to the description of one kind of sensation in terms of another. |
| Syntax | Grammatical arrangement of words. |
| Rhetoric | using language to convince or sway an audience |
| rhetorical strategy | The strategy or plan selected to effectively deliver the intended message in a written piece of work |
| rhetorical fallacy | An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid. |
| Antithesis | the direct opposite or a contrast. |
| apostrophe | NOT the punctuation mark) A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction |
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