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Ch 18 Personality
Ch 18 Personality, Social Development, & Successful Aging
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Continuity and Change in Personality During Late Adulthood | Whether personality changes or stays stable in late adulthood depends on which facets of personality are considered |
| According to Costa and McCrae | basic personality traits remain stable |
| Some changes in personality occur as a result of? | new challenges that appear in later adulthood |
| Ego-Integrity-Versus-Despair | Erikson's last stage of personality development, which is characterized by a process of looking back over one's life, evaluating it, and coming to terms with it |
| Integrity occurs | when people feel they have realized and fulfilled the possibilities that have come their way |
| Despairs happens | when people feel dissatisfied with their life, and experience gloom, unhappiness, depression, anger, or the feeling that they have failed |
| Robert Peck suggests that personality development in elderly people is occupied by three major developmental tasks or challenges. They are? | 1st - REDEFINITION OF SELF VERSUS PREOCCUPATION WITH WORK-ROLE 2nd major task - BODY TRANSCENDENCE VERSUS BODY PREOCCUPATION 3rd developmental task- EGO TRANSCENDENCE VERSUS EGO PREOCCUPATION |
| According to Daniel Levinson, people enter late adulthood after passing through a transition stage that typically occurs? | at about age 60 - 65 |
| When do people begin to view themselves as entering late adulthood? | about 60 - 65 or during the transition stage |
| What is one of the #1 worries of older adulthood? | Getting Cancer |
| During Levinson's Stage of Transition what occurs | - people struggle with being "old" and often must face illness and death of one's friends and loved ones - people must struggle with the loss of power, respect, and authority |
| During Levinson's Stage of Transition what occurs (Con't) | - people can serve as resources for younger people and be in a position to give advice - Old age brings freedom to do things for fun and entertainment |
| What four different ways of coping did Bernice Neugarten study? | 1. Disintegrated and disorganized personalities 2. Passive-dependent personalities 3. Defended personalities 4. Integrated personalities |
| Disintegrated and Disorganized Personalities | Are unable to accept aging, and experience despair as they get older, often ending up in nursing homes or hospitalized |
| Passive-Dependent Personalities | Lead lives filled with fear of falling ill, fear of the future, and fear of their own inability to cope |
| Defended Personalities | Seek to ward off aging and attempt to act young, exercising vigorously, and engaging in youthful activities that could lead to unrealistic expectations and disappointment |
| Integrated Personalities | Cope comfortably with aging and accept becoming older with a sense of dignity |
| Life Review | Erikson, Peck, Neugarten, and Levinson all suggest that a major characteristic of personality development in old age is looking backward, called Life Review, where people examine and evaluate their lives |
| What are Age Stratification Theories? | Theories suggest that an unequal distribution of economic resources, power, and privilege exists among people at different stages of the life course |
| What makes the elderly seem as lacking and not productive members of society? | Power and prestige for the elderly have eroded |
| How are the elderly viewed in less industrialized countries? | The elderly continue to be involved in daily life |
| In Eskimo and Chinese Culture | Old age is revered |
| Cultures that revere old age have several things in common. What are they? | 1. They are homogeneous in socioeconomic terms and the elderly control the finances 2. Older adults in these cultures continue to engage in activities that are valued by society 3. These cultures tend to be organized around extended families |
| Wisdom | expert knowledge in the practical aspects of life, has received little attention from gerontologists until recently |
| What is the Developmentalist's View on Wisdom? | Developmentalists disagree on whether we should expect a relationship between wisdom and aging. |
| People that score high in wisdom have good? | Creativity and Openness, and deal with difficult hurdles in people's life, also accept uncertainty a lot more than others, they also make a lot of pros and cons lists |
| Wisdom doesn't emerge until? | ages 16 - 23 |
| After the Age of 25 Measures of Wisdom? | Don't make many big gains |
| What are the three theories of aging successfully? | 1. Disengagement Theory 2. Activity Theory 3. Continuity Theory |
| Disengagement Theory | the period in late adulthood that marks a gradual withdrawal from the world on physical, psychological, and social levels people withdraw from the world and the world compels the elderly to withdraw (e.g. retirement) |
| Activity Theory | Successful aging occurs when people maintain the interests, activities, and social interactions with which they were involved during middle age |
| Continuity Theory | suggests that people simply need to maintain their desired level of involvement in society to maximize their sense of well-being and self-esteem |
| What must the elderly live on? | a fixed income that rarely keeps up wit inflation - Social Security - Pensions - Savings |
| Elderly facing rising health costs? | Ave. older person spends 20% of his or her income on healthcare costs Nursing homes can cost an average of more than $75,190 a year |
| What is the retirement age? | it is now decreasing to age 60 |
| Stages of retirement | 1st honeymoon period 2nd Disenchantment 3rd Reorientation 4th Retirement routine stage 5th Final Stage the process of termination |
Created by:
lnbeyeler