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A&P Final 14-22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The aorta carries the blood out of the: | Left ventricle |
| The superior vena cava returns blood to the: | Right atrium |
| Blood returns from the lungs during pulmonary ciruclation via the: | pulmonary veins |
| The hepatic portal circulation serves the body by: | Remove excess glucose & store it in the liver as glycogen,detoxify blood, assisting the body to maintain proper blood glucose balance |
| The structure used to bypass the liver in the fetal circulation is the: | ductus venosus |
| The foramen ovale serves the fetal circulation by: | Shunting blood from the right atrium directly into the left atrium |
| The structure used to connect the aorta and pulmonary artery in the fetal circulation is the: | ductus arteriosus |
| Which of the following is not an artery? | Inferior vena cava |
| Blood pressure is highest in the veins and lowest in the arteries: T or F | False |
| The difference between two blood pressures is referred to as blood pressure deficit: T or F | False |
| If the blood pressure in the arteries were to decrease so that it became equal to the average pressure in the arterioles, circulation would increase: T or F | False |
| A stroke is often the result of low blood pressure: T or F | False |
| Massive hemorrhage increases blood pressure: T or F | False |
| Blood pressure is the volume of blood in the vessels: T or F | True |
| Both the strength and the rate of the heartbeat affect cardiac output and blood pressure: T or F | True |
| The diameter of the arterioles helps to determine how much blood drains out arteries into arterioles: T or F | True |
| A stronger heartbeat tends to decrease blood pressure and a weaker hearbeat tends to increase it: T or F | False |
| The systolic pressure is the pressure being exerted against the vessels while the ventricles relax: T or F | False |
| If blood becomes less viscous than normal, blood pressure increases: T or F | False |
| A device called a sphygomomanometer is used to measure blood pressures in clinical situations: T or F | True |
| Loud, tapping Korotokoff sounds suddenly begin when the cuff measured by the mercury column equals the systolic pressure: T or F | True |
| The venous blood pressure wihin the left atrium is called the central venous pressure: T or F | False |
| The pulse is a vein expanding and then recoliling: T or F | False |
| The radial artery is located at the wrist: T or F | True |
| The common carotid artery is located in the neck along the front edge of the seternocleidomastoid muscle: T or F | True |
| The artery located at the bend of the elbow that is used for lcated the pulse in the dorsalis pedis: T or F | False |
| The medical term for high blood pressure is: | Hypertension |
| Septic shock is caused by: | Complications of toxins in the blood |
| Hypovolemic shock is caused by: | A drop in blood volume |
| Which vessels collect blood from capillaries and return it to the heart? | Veins |
| the innermost coat of an artery that comes into direct contact with blood is called the: | Tunica intima |
| Hemorrhoids can best be described as: | Varicose veins in the rectum |
| In fetal circulation: | ductus venous allows most blood from the placenta to bypass the fetal liver. |
| This would not cause the blood pressure to increase: | Hemmorrhage |
| Arteriosclerosis is a disorder of the: | Arteries |
| A common type of vascular disease that occludes arteries by lipids and other matter is: | Atherosclerosis |
| What is the fluid that leaves the blood capillaries and is not directly returned to the blood? | Lymph |
| Lymph from about 3/4ths of the body drains into the | thoracic duct |
| Lymph from the right upper extremeityand the right side of the head drains into the | right lymphatic duct |
| An abnormal condition in which tissue swells because of accumulation of lymph is called | lymphedema |
| The enlarged pouchlike structure in the abdomen that serves as a storage area for lymph | cisterna chyli |
| The function of ________ is to filter and clean the lymph. | lymph node |
| The many lymphatic vessels that enter the lymph node are called _________ vessels, the single vessell the lymph node is called the ________> | afferent, efferent |
| The __________ are white blood cells that mature in the thymus. The Thymus also produce a hormone called ______________ | T cells,thymosin |
| What are the three pairs of tosils? | Palatine, pharyngeal,lingual |
| What is the largest lymphoid organ? | Spleen |
| Wha are signs of inflammation? | heat,redness,pain,and swelling |
| What is complememt fixation? | kills target cells by drilling holes in their plasma membrane, which disrupts the sodium and water balance |
| Which type of cell produces antibodies? | B Cells |
| What type of cell develop into plasma cells? | B cells |
| What type of cell is involved in cell-mediated immunity? | T cells |
| What type of cell is involved in humoral immunity? | B Cells |
| What type of cell divides rapidly into clones onice it is activated? | B cells |
| What types of processing does cell perform with regards to metabolism? | Absorption and digestion |
| What is the layer called that helps to produce peristalsis in the GI Tract? | muscularis |
| The layer of the wall of the GI tract that contains blood vessels and nerves? | Submucosa |
| What is the innermost layer of the wall of the GI tract? | Mucosa |
| What is the outermost part of the GI tract wall called? | Serosa |
| What part of the digestive tract prevent food and liquids from entering the nasal cavity? | uvula & soft palate |
| What are the three parts of the a tooth? | crown,neck, and root |
| What are the three salivary glands called? | Parotid, submandibular,and sublingual |
| What are the three divisions of the stomach? | fundus,body, and pylorus |
| What are the three divisons of the small intestines? | Duodenum,jejunum, ileum |
| What are the tiny finger-like projections convering the pilcae of small intestine? | villi |
| What are the vessels called that are located in the villi? | Lacteals |
| What part of the colon is located between ascending and descending colon? | transverse colon |
| What are the two most prominent extensions of the peritoneum are called? | Mesentery & greater omentum |
| The effect bile has on fat droplets? | emulsification |
| An enzyme that is made in the stomach and digests proteins? | Pepsin |
| AN enzyme that is made in both the salivary glands and the pancreas and digests starch? | Amylase |
| A hormone that stimulateds the contraction of the gallbladder? | Cholecystokinin |
| An enzyme that is made in the small intestine and digests proteins? | Peptidase |
| A duct that connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct? | cystic |
| An enyzme made in the pancreas and digests protiens? | trypsin |
| The rate at which food is catablolized under basal conditions is the: | BMR |
| Total amount of energy used by the body per day is: | TMR |
| Which of the following is a factor when determining the BMR? | Sex, Age, Size |
| Which of the following is a factor when determing TMR? | Exercise, Food intake, and enviromental temp |
| A/an is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of wather 1 degree Celsius | Kilocalorie |
| What percentage of energy is released from food molecules during catablolism is converted to heat rather than being transferred to ATP: | 60% |
| Maintaining thermoregultation is a function of the: | hypothalamus |
| Transfer of heat energy to the skin, then the external enviorment is known as: | Conduction |
| A flow of heat waves away from the blood is: | Radiation |
| A transfer of heat energy to air that is continually flowing away from the skin is known as: | Convection |
| Heat that is absorbed by the process of water vaporization is called: | Evaporation |
| T or F: Pyrogens cause the thermostatic control centers of the hypothalamus to produce a fever. | True |
| T or F: Malignant hyperthermia is the inablility to maintain a normal body temp in extremely cold enviorments> | False |
| T or F: Frostbite is local damage to tissues caused by extremely low temps. | True |
| T or F: Heat exhaustion is characterized by body temps of 41 degress Celsius or higher | False |
| T or F: Dantrium is used to prevent or releive the effects of frostbite. | False |
| The citric acid cycles changes acetyl CoA to: | Carbon dixode |
| The anabolism of glucose produces which of the following? | Glycogen |
| Which of the following is a major hormome in the body that aids carboyhdrate metabolis? | Insulin |
| The total metabolic rate is which of the following? | The amount of energy expressed in calories used by the body per day |
| When your consumption of calories equals your TMR, your weight will do which of the following? | Remain the same |
| Which of the following is a normal glucose level? | 70-120 |
| When glucose is not available, the body will next catabolize which of the following energy sources? | Fats |
| Maintainomg the homeostasis of the body temp is the responsiblity of which of the following? | Hypthalamus |
| The liver plays an important role in the mechanical digestion of lipids because it secretes: | Bile |
| What is the primary molecule the body usually breaks down as an energy source? | Glucose |
| What are the three basic food types for nutrtion? | Carbs, Fats, and Proteins |
| What is the process that changes glucose to pyruvic acid? | Glycolysis |
| The process that begings when pyruvic acid is changed to carbon dixode? | Citric Acid cycle |
| The testes are surrounded by a tought membrane called: | Tunica albuginea |
| These lie near the septa that separate the lobules | intersitial cells |
| Sperm are found in the walls of the | Seminiferous tubule |
| The scrotum provies an enviorent that is approximately ______ for the testes. | 3 degress coller than the body temp |
| What prodcues testosterone | Interstital cells |
| The par of the sperm that contains genetic information that will be inherited is the: | Head |
| Which one of the following is not a function of testosterone? | It has a simulatory effect on protein catabolism |
| Sperm production is called: | Spermatogenesis |
| The section of the sperm that contains enzymes that enable it to breake down the convering of the ovum and permit entry should contact occur is | Acrosome |
| What is the membrane that may cofer the vaginal opening of the female? | Hymen |
| What is the failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum before birth called? | Cryptorchidism |
| Testosterone serves the following functions? | Masculinizes,promotes and maintains the development of the male accessory organs, stimulating effect on protein anabolism. |
| Accessory glands contribute what percentage of of secretions to the fluid part of the semen: | 95% |
| What paired glands contributed 60% of the seminal fluid volume? | Seminal vesicles |
| What percentages of fluid does the prostate gland contribute to the seminal fluid? | 30% |
| What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle? | Proliferative phase,secondary phase, and nenses |
| What is the normal range of potassium in blood? | 3.8 to 5.1 |
Created by:
mtddr1