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ASM3
Bones Stones Human Evo
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 types of hominids that lived in East Africa | 1) Ausralopithecus Afarensis 2) Ausralopithecus Boisei 3) Homo Habilis |
| Order of physical changes most represent hominid lineage | Bipedalism-> Smaller Teeth-> Large brains |
| What is the earliest hominid that we know of today? | Sahelanthropus tchandesis |
| What is a hominid and when did hominids evolve | A hominid has characteristics similar to living humans and their ancestors that are not shared by apes; they evolved 7-6 mya in Africa |
| Which traits are associated with the origin of the hominid lineage | -bipedal locomotion -nonhoning chewing |
| What implications does bipedal locomotion for identifying hominids in the fossil record? | foundational behavior of the hominide; distinguishes hominids from pongids (and other nonhuman primates) |
| What anatomical changes are associated with this shift in locomotor adaptation? | Foramen magnum positioned on bottom of the skull, pelvis is short from front to back, legs are long relative to the body trunk and arms, foot has double arch, big toe forward facing, knee change |
| What are 2 models used to describe modern human origins | Multi-regional Model: all fossils should be found across all regions and from about the same time, Replacement Model: -(opposite model), earliest human fossils should be found in Africa ("out of Africa") -linear timeline |
| What hominid was part of the "first family", Laetolim footprint (Lucy) | Australopithecus Afarensis |
| What species is connected to the first stone tool...approx. date? | -Australopithecus Garhi -2.5mya |
| Earliest species to leave Africa and first to control fire? | Homo Eragaster |
| What regions are Neandethals found? | -Europe -Middle East |
| Neanderthal: -Body traits? -Dental? | Body: occipital bun, midfacial prognathism, avg. brain size larger.. Dental : retromolar space, labial wear, taurodontism |
| Which continent did the earliest anatomically modern Homo sapien? | -Africa -Middle East |
| What is the earliest member of the genus homo? | Homo Habilis |
| What species persisted for longer than modern humans? | Australopithecines |
| What species was the earlier to leave Africa? | Homo Ergaster |
| First to control fire? | Homo Ergaster |
| Of Australopithecines which lived in East Africa?(Hint: Paranthropus, x2) | 1)Paranthropus Aethiopicus 2)Paranthropus Boisei |
| 2 earliest species of the genus Homo | 1)Homo Rudolfensis, 2)Homo Habilis |
| What is Acheulean? | A type of tools made/used by Homo Ergaster |
| Neanderthal dental trait | Retromolar space Labial wear Taurodontism(enlarged tooth pulp chamber) |
| Geographic region linked with inhabating by: 1)H.Erectus? 2)H. Neanderthalensis? | 1)H.Erectus- Asia 2)H. Neanderthalensis- Europe |
| What is the difference between Australopithecus and Homo Habilis brains | Homo Habilis have a more developed frontal lobe |
| What traits are associated with the origin of the hominid lineage? | -Bipedal locomotion -Smaller jaws -Larger brain -Tools -Language/social system |
| Approx. date of flake tools | ~250kya |
| Difference between gracile vs. robust australopithecine | Gracile well known multiple fossils extinct by 2mya |
| Difference in Homo Erectus vs. Ergaster | Homo Erectus -Cranial features:prominent superorbital torus, occipital torus, long low skull, sagittal keel, thick skull bones -Asia Homo Ergaster -Cranial features: no sagittal keel, smaller brow ridges, more rounded skull and thinner bones -Africa |
| What are the 3 Paranthropus | 1)P. Robustus 2)P. Boisei 3) P. Aethiopicus |
| The 4 types of Australopithecines | 1)Australopithecus Afarensis 2)A. Anamensis 3)A. Africanus 4)A. Garhi |
| The 3 early hominins | 1)Ardipithecus Tamidus(4.4 mya, E.Africa) 2)Orrorin Tugensis(6mya, E. Africa) 3)Sahelanthropus Tchadnesis( 7-6mya, Central Africa) |
| Define: Australopithecines | Prehistoric African primate: describes/relating to a prehistoric primate of southern and eastern Africa, whose remains resemble those of humans -A genus of near-men in the subfamily Australopithecinae representing a side branch of human evolution. |
| Define: Paranthropus | (Greek: para="Beside",anthropos="Human" -were bipedal hominids that probably descended from the A. Gracile (Australopithecus) -All species of Paranthropus were bipedal, and many lived during a time when species of the genus Homo were present |
| Define: Homo | the genus of bipedal primates that includes modern humans and several extinct forms, distinguished by their large brains and a dependence upon tools |
| Define: Ergaster(Homo) | A genus w/in genus Homo- "Working man" is extinct |
| Define: Homo Habilis | An extinct species of humans considered to be an ancestor of modern humans and the earliest hominid to make tools. This species existed between 1.5 and 2.0 million years ago Latin (homō=man) + (habilis=skillful) |
| Define: Homo Rudolfensis | H. rudolfensis refers to a single, incomplete skull from Kenya. Scientists have suggested that this was just another habilis, but this has not been confirmed. |
| Define Home Sapien | H. sapiens ("sapiens" means wise or intelligent |
| Define: Australopithecine | Latin: "southern ape"(austrlis=southern)+(pithcus=ape) Any of several extinct humanlike primates of the genus Australopithecus, known chiefly from Pleistocene fossil remains found in southern and eastern Africa. |
| Define: Garhi | The species epithet "garhi" means "surprise" in the local Afar language -Found in East Africa -2.5mya Craniel: Pronathic, sagital crest Dental: moderate canine size Similar to Homo limb proportions |
| Australopithecus Africanus | Cranial: no sagittal crest, less prognathic than afarensis, reduced brow ridges, less pneumatized skull Dental: molars larger,canines and incisors smaller, thick enamel Found: S. Africa Sig: 1st African hominin fossil found (1924) |
| Australopithecus Afarensis | Cranial: reduced brow size to accommodate larger cranium, still prognathic and robust Dental: med. canines, thick enamel, parallel tooth rows Postcranial: curved spine, non-divergent hallux, valgus knee Found:E.Africa *Ancestral to ALL Austalopithecin |
| Why bipedalism? | Frees hands for use in a number of tasks, more efficient for long distance travel, reduces exposure to the sun, helps provide a better vantage point over tall grass and foliage. |
| Significance of Paranthropus Boisei | Hyper-robust, end of lineage |
Created by:
rmaliski