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Physics module 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atom | The basic building block of matter, made up of smaller particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| Proton | One of the three fundamental units of an atom. A proton has a positive electrical charge and is present in all atoms. |
| Neutrons | One of the three fundamental units of an atom. A neutron has a neutral electrical charge. |
| Electrons | One of three fundamental units of an atom. An electron orbits around the nucleus of an atom and has very little mass. It has a negative electrical charge. |
| Matter | Anything that exists in physical form and has mass; a solid, liquid, or gas. |
| Element | The simplest form of a substance that composes matter. Each molecule of an element may have a varying number of atoms but has only one unique type of atom in it, with a set number of protons. |
| Nucleus | The center of an atom; it consists of at least one proton. All elements except hydrogen have a nucleus that includes neutrons. |
| Alpha particle | A particle that has two protons bound to two neutrons, but no electrons. This particle has the same nucleus as a helium atom, but an alpha particle is not an atom because it has no electrons. |
| Fundamental particle | A basic component of an atom, including the electron, neutron, and proton |
| What is the mass of neutron? | 1.675 x 10-27 kg (ten to the negative twenty-seventh power) |
| What is the mass of proton? | 1.673 x 10-27 kg (ten to the negative twenty-seventh power) |
| What is the mass of electron? | 9.109 x 10-31 kg (ten to the negative thirty-first power) |
| Why must scientists theorize about the atom? | Too small to see directly |
| What parts of the atom comprise the nucleus? | Protons and neutrons |
| The organization and structure of the atom is such that it is made up mostly of? | Empty space. Due to the forces of repulsion |
| Electrical charge | is a characteristic of matter, whether it's a subatomic particle, an atom, or a large object. An electrical charge is not a thing itself; all kinds of matter have some form of electrical charge as part of their nature. |
| Strong nuclear force | The force of attraction between all the particles of a nucleus, both protons and neutrons |
| Binding energy | The energy that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus through the force of attraction; the amount of energy needed to break up the nucleus. |
| Electron shells | The orbit of an electron that surrounds the nucleus of an atom |
| Does the electron shell have a limit to how many electrons can fit in it? | Yes. The first shell can only hold 2 electrons in it. The second shell can hold up to 8 electrons. |
| What is the first shell called? | K shell |
| What is the second shell called? | L shell |
| what is the third shell called? | M shell. and so on. |
| What is the largest naturally occurring atom? | Uranium. A total of 92 electrons in its 7 shells. Even in this atom shells 5,6 and 7 are not completely filled. |
| What is the formula to find out what the maximum number of electrons will fit in a electron shell? | 2n squared. Where N is the shells number. |
| Electron binding energies | The energy that keeps electrons in their shells. The electron binding energy of any one electron depends on how close the electron is to the nucleus and the total number of electrons in the atom. |
| Negative ion | An atom that has an extra electron and, therefore, a negative charge |
| Positive ion | An atom that is short one electron and, therefore, has a positive charge because of the unpaired proton |
| How many electrons will occupy the K shell? | 2 |
| What is the characteristics of an atom that has with eight electrons and six protons? | Negative charge |
| Experimentation with a cathode ray tube discovered what? | Electron |
| The use of the word atom is first attributed to which of the following? | Greeks |
| Who likened the atom to our solar system? | Bohr |
| It is important to keep in mind that the atom is mostly made up of which of the following? | Empty space |
| Which particle is the smallest in terms of mass? | Electrons |
| Which of the following provides the negative charges of an atom? | Electron |
| Which of the following must balance in terms of number of each to give an atom a neutral charge? | Protons and electrons |
| What is the purpose of binding energy? | Hold protons and neutrons together |
| Electron shells refer to what? | Orbits of the electrons |
| Which shell is furthest from the nucleus? K,L,M,N? | N |
| What is the maximum number of electrons that will occupy the M shell? | 18 |
| Which of the following have the same number of neutrons? | Isotones |
| Which of the following has the same number of protons? | Isotopes |
| What changes in isomers? | Energy |
| What is exchanged in an ionic bond? | Electrons |
| What holds atoms together in an ionic bond? | Difference in charge |
| What do atoms share in a covalent bond? | Electron |
| Atoms in each period of the periodic table share what characteristic in common? | Number of electron shells |
| What are the groups of the periodic table organized by? | Number of electrons in the outer most shell |
| What do zinc, iron, nickel and oxygen have in common? | They are elements that exist in a pure form |
| Which of the following is the simplest form of a substance that composes matter? | Element |
| Isotopes | Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
| Isotones | Atoms that have the same number of neutron |
| Isobars | Two atoms that have a different number of protons but the same total number of protons and neutrons and, therefore, the same atomic mass |
| Isomers | Atoms that have the same number of protons and neutrons but a different binding energy |
| What is atomic mass number? | Number of protons + number of neutrons |
| What is atomic mass? | Mass of all particles in atom |
| Ionic bonding | The process in which an atom with a positive charge binds to an atom with a negative charge |
| Covalent bonding | The process in which two or more atoms are bonded by sharing some of the same electrons, which revolve around the nuclei of both or of all the atoms that share them. |
| Period | A quality of elements in the Periodic Table of the Elements. Atoms in each period have the same number of electron shells. There are seven periods that correspond to the seven electron shells |
| Ionization energy | The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom |
| GROUP of the elements | The elemental group is determined by the number of electrons in the outer most shell. |
| Chemical compounds | Combinations of elements bonded together |
| Elements | The simplest forms of substances that compose matter |
| Which bond is formed by shared electrons? | Covalent |
| Groups of the periodic table are organized by which of the following? | Electrons in the outer most shell |
Created by:
volcomgrl12