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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Condicional Perfecto (Indicativo) Conditional Perfect | habría, habrías, habría, habríamos, habríais, habrían +ado/ido -Express what would have occured but did not _Express probability or conjecture about the past |
| Presente Perfecto (Indicativo) Present perfect (indicative) | he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han +ado/ido -expresses what has happened - recently completed or a past that still bears relevance in the present |
| Pluscuamperfecto (Indicativo) Past Perfect (Indicative) | había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían +ado/ido - Expresses what someone had done or what occured before another action/condition in the past - Used with antes, aún, nunca, todavía, ya |
| Futuro perfecto (Indicativo) Future Perfect | habré, habrás, habrá, habremos, habréis, habrán + ado/ido -Express what will have happened at a certain point -Express supposition/probability regarding a past action |
| Pretérito Perfecto del Subjuntivo Present Perfect (Subjunctive) | haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayamos, hayáis, hayan +ado/ido - Used to refer to recently completed/past actions that still bear relevance in the present |
| Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo Past Perfect (Subjunctive) | hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubierais, hubieran +ado/ido -Used to refer to actions/conditions that had taken place before another past occurence |
| Pretérito Imperfecto del subjuntivo Past Subjunctive | drop -ron from the ellos form of the preterite and add ra, ras, ra, ramos, rais, ran se, ses, se semos, seis, sen -Caminara, Perdiera, Viviera |
| Condicional Perfecto Conditional perfect | -Expresses what would have occurred but did not happen ex. habría ganado |
| Condicional Conditional | ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían (ar/er/ir) |
| Presente del indicativo Present indicative | o, as, a, amos, áis, an (ar) o, es, e, emos, éis, en (er o, es, e, imos, ís, en (ir) |
| Imperfecto de indicativo Imperfect indicative | aba, abas, aba, aba, ábamos, abais, aban (ar) ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían (er/ir) |
| Pretérito Past | é, aste, ó, amos, asteis, aron (ar) í, iste, ío, imos, isteis, ieron (er/ir) |
| Futuro Future | é, ás, á, emos, éis, án (ar/er/ir) Express actions/conditions that will happen in the future Express conjecture or probability |
| Presente de subjuntivo Present subjunctive | e, es, e, emos, éis, en (ar) a, as, a, amos, áis, an (ir/er) |
| Presente del indicativo Present indicative | Expresses actions/situations that are going on at the present time and to express general truths Express habitual actions or actions that will take place in the near future |
| Pretérito Past | -Expresses actions/states that began or were completed at a definite time in the past |
| Imperfecto de indicativo Imperfect indicative | Used to narrate past events without focusing on their beginning, end or completion Used with de niño, todos los dias, mientras |
| Condicional | - Expresses what would occur under certain circumstances - Used to make polite records - Expresses what someone said/thought would happen - Express conjecture/probability about a past event |
| Pretérito Imperfecto del subjuntivo Past Subjunctive | - Used after como si (as if) - Used with querer to make polite requests, express wishes, soften statements (Quisiera verlos) |
| Use of the Infinitive (Infinitivo) | -Follows Verbs of perception(te oigo hablar) - Follows Verbs of influence(nos hizo leer) Always after "hay que", "tener que" Usually after es buen, es fácil, es importante -Used for signs & instructions (No fumar) - After prepositions (para ir) |
| Prepositions | de, a, en, para, |
| Si Clauses - General | Expresses a condition/event upon which another condition or event depends (hypothetical statements) Si clause followed by coma if at the beginning of sentence |
| Si Clauses - Hypothetical statements about possible events | Si clause in present indicative and main clause in 1present 2future 3ir a infinitive 4command Si ud no juega la lotería, 1no puede ganar, 2no podra ganar, 3no va a ganar, 4no gane |
| Si Clauses - Hypothetical statements about improbable situations | Si clause in past subjunctive and main clause in conditional -Si no estuviera tan cansada, saldría a cenar contingo. |
| Si Clauses - Hypothetical statements about the past | Si clause describes what would of have happened if another event/condition had occurred. -Si clause in past perfect subjunctive and main clause in conditional perfect - Si no me hubiera lastimado el pie, habría ganado la carrera. |
| Si Clauses - Habitual Conditions/actions in the past | Si clause and main clause use the imperfect De niño, si iba a la feria, siempre me montaba en la montaña rusa. |