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Stack #601262
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pale yellow fluid; forms more than half the blood volume. | Plasma |
| The major component of plasma. | Water |
| Primarily responsible for the osmotic pressure of blood. | Albumin and sodium ions |
| Molecules that function in immunity | Globulins |
| Responsible for the formation of blood clots. | Fibrinogen |
| Red blood cells; 95% of the volume of the formed elements. | Erythrocytes |
| Also called thrombocytes. | Platelets |
| The process of blood cell production. | Hematopoiesis |
| Derived from stem cells; give rise to erythrocytes. | Proerythroblasts |
| When blood oxygen levels decrease the kidneys release this substance. | Erythropoietin |
| The effect of erythropoietin on erythrocyte production in the red bone marrow. | Increases; |
| Cells in the liver and spleen; remove erythrocytes from the blood. | Macrophages |
| Derived from heme and excreted in bile. | Bilirubin |
| A buildup of bilirubin in the blood. | Jaundice |
| Used by leukocytes to leave blood and move through tissues | Ameboid movement |
| Leukocytes containing large cytoplasmic granules that stain. | Granulocytes |
| Granulocyte that phagocytizes microorganisms; form pus when they accumulate and die. | Neutrophil |
| Granulocyte that promotes inflammation; releases histamine. | Basophil |
| Granulocyte that reduces inflammation | Eosinophil |
| Agranulocyte involved in immunity; produces antibodies. | Lymphocyte |
| This cell enters tissues and is transformed into a macrophage. | Monocyte |
| Small amounts of cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane; function in blood loss prevention. | Platelet |
| The cells from which platelets are produced. | Megakaryocytes |
| Substance such as antithrombin that prevents clots from forming. | Anticoagulant |
| The process by which a clot becomes denser and more compact. | Clot retraction |
| Plasma without its clotting factors. | Serum |
| The process by which a clot is dissolved. | Fibrinolysis |
| Formed from plasminogen, this substance breaks down fibrin. | Plasmin |
| Stimulates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. | t-Pa |
| A clot that forms in a blood vessel. | Thrombus |
| A detached clot or substance that floats through the circulatory system and becomes lodged in a blood vessel. | Embolus |
| The transfer of blood, parts of blood, or solutions into the blood of a patient. | Transfusion |
| Molecules on the surface of erythrocytes that can bind to antibodies. | Antigens |
| Molecules in the plasma that can combine with antigens on erythrocytes; activate mechanisms that destroy the erythrocytes. | Antibodies |
| A clumping together of erythrocytes caused by antibodies combining with antigens. | Agglutination |
| The rupture of erythrocytes. | No reaction |
| The classes of erythrocytes based on their surface antigens | Blood |
| The type of blood that has A antigens and B antibodies. | Type A blood |
| The type of blood that does not have A or B antigens, but does have A and B antibodies. | Type O blood |
| A person who receives blood. | Recipient |
| People with this type of blood have been called universal donors. | Type O blood |
| The result of giving a transfusion of type A blood to a person with type A blood. | No reaction |
| The result of giving a transfusion of type A blood to a person with type B blood. | Transfusion reaction |
| The type of blood that has certain Rh antigens on the surface of the erythrocytes. | Rh-positive |
| The disorder that results in agglutination and hemolysis of fetal blood because of different types of Rh blood in the mother and fetus; erythroblastosis fetalis | Hemolytic disease of the newborn |
| The type of blood the fetus has in hemolytic disease of the newborn. | Rh-positive |
| The type of blood the mother has in hemolytic disease of the newborn. | Rh-negative |
| Given to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn. | Anti-Rho(D) |
| The test used to prevent transfusion reactions. | Type and cross match |
| Includes a red blood cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit measurements, and white blood cell count. | Complete blood count |
| This test would detect polycythemia. | Red blood cell count |
| Measures the volume of the formed elements. | Hematocrit |
| This test would detect leukemia. | White blood cell count |
| Test that determines the percentages of each of the five kinds of leukocytes. | White blood cell differential |
| This test would detect thrombocytopenia. | Platelet count |
| Measures how long it takes for blood to start clotting | Prothrombin time |
| Determines the composition of materials dissolved or suspended in plasma, such as glucose and bilirubin. | Blood chemistry |
| List seven functions of blood | Transport of gases,nutrients, and waste products; Transport of processed molecules; Transport of regulatory molecules; Regulation of pH and osmosis; Maintenance of body temperature; Protection against foreign substances; Clot formation |
| Name the parts of a hemoglobin molecule, give the function of each part, and state the fate of each part when hemoglobin is broken down. | Heme: Transports oxygen. Iron in heme is reused to produce new hemoglobin, the rest of heme becomes bilirubin which is excreted in bile; Globin: Transports carbon dioxide. Broken down into amino acids |
| List the events that lead to increased erythrocyte production when blood oxygen levels decrease. | Blood oxygen decrease results in increased erythropoietin release from the kidneys. Erythropoietin stimulates erythrocyte production. |
| List the five types of leukocytes and give a function of each | Neutrophil - phagocytosis; basophil - stimulates inflammation; eosinophil - inhibits inflammation; lymphocyte - immune response, e.g., antibody production; monocyte - becomes a macrophage |
| Give two ways that platelets prevent blood loss | Platelet plug; release chemicals necessary for the chemical reactions of clotting |
| Starting with the production of prothrombinase, list the chemicals that result in the formation of a clot. | Prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin. |
| Describe the basic mechanism responsible for transfusion reactions | Antigens on the surface of erythrocytes react with antibodies in the plasma. As a result, erythrocytes clump (agglutination) or rupture (hemolysis). |
| Blood loss from blood vessels can be stopped or reduced by contraction of (1) in the blood vessel wall. | Smooth muscle |
| Exposure of collagen in damaged tissue can result in platelet adhesion to collagen by (2) | Integrins |
| In the platelet release reaction, platelets release ADP and (3) , which activate other platelets | Thromboxane |
| In platelet aggregation, platelets are connected to each other by (4) to form a platelet plug, which can seal small tears in blood vessels | Fibrinogen |
| Exposed collagen or chemicals released from injured tissues can start a series of chemical reactions that result in the production of (5) | Prothrombinase |
| This substance converts prothrombin to (6) which in turn converts fibrinogen into (7) . | Thrombin, Fibrin |
| This network of protein fibers traps blood cells, platelets, and fluid, and is called a (8) | Clot |
Created by:
kc66501