43) What document during World War II included a clause that recognized the "right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live

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Chapter 33 Questions

Question	Answer
ter 33 "Decolonization and the Decline of the European World Order"
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) In their struggles for independence, African and Asian nationalists relied mainly on
A) peaceful mass demonstrations, economic boycotts, and constitutional maneuvers.
B) intervention by the United States.
C) intervention by the Soviet Union.
D) violent rebellions against imperial governments.
E) elections granted by the colonial powers.
2) Where did violence in the process of decolonization most often occur
A) in plantation colonies
B) in Asian colonies with substantial Chinese influence
C) in White Dominions
D) in colonial societies with settler populations
E) in former German colonies.
3) What made colonial regimes particularly vulnerable to challenges from within
A) the growing industrialization of colonial societies
B) the fact that colonial governments were built in collaboration with indigenous elite groups
C) their dependence on European military forces
D) the dependence of plantation economies on the West
E) lack of strong political and legal traditions
4) What country's nationalist movement pioneered patterns of decolonization and European retreat
A) Kenya
B) India
C) Vietnam
D) Algeria
E) Egypt
5) In 1885, regional associations of Western-educated Indians came together to form the
A) Indian Socialist Workers Party.
B) Liberal Party.
C) Revolutionary Nationalist Party.
D) Indian National Congress Party.
E) National Socialist Party.
6) Which of the following statements concerning the position of the early Congress Party is most accurate
A) It was committed to relieving the poverty of the Indian masses.
B) It demanded the immediate decolonization of India.
C) It was loyal to the British rulers and primarily concerned with interests of the Indian elite.
D) It was closely involved with the development of a strong labor movement within Indian industry.
E) It favored the separation of Indian Hindu and Muslim populations
7) By the last years of the nineteenth century, the Congress Party was appealing to
A) investors and businessmen.
B) peasants.
C) laborers.
D) untouchables.
E) immigrants.
8) A large portion of the Government of India's budget went to all of the following EXCEPT
A) high salaries and pensions of British administrators.
B) the purchase of railway equipment and steel from Great Britain.
C) the huge Indian army ,often engaged outside of India.
D) state support for the development of Indian industries.
E) vast military expeditions.
9) Which of the following was NOT an Indian cash crop
A) cotton
B) wool
C) curry
D) ginger
E) corn
10) Who was the first Indian leader with a genuine mass following
A) J. Nehru
B) M. K. Gandhi
C) M. A. Jinnah
D) B. G. Tilak
E) R. Tagore
11) The radical wing of the Congress Party under B. G. Tilak proposed what formula as the basis for the party's political program
A) an appeal to conservative Hinduism, including boycotts of British goods, full independence, use of Hindu festivals as opportunities for rallies, opposition to women's education
B) an appeal to unity among the Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, and Muslims of India
C) a reform program intended to remove cultural limitations on women
D) emphasis on Muslim teachings, particularly the need to put off British cultural influence
E) complete cooperation with the British colonial authorities.
12) Where was the terrorist movement most concentrated in India before World War I
A) Deccan plateau
B) punjab
C) Bengal
D) Bombay
E) Kashmir
13) What British reform in 1909 provided educated Indians with expanded opportunities both to elect and to serve on local and all-India legislative councils
A) the Halstead-Coleman reforms
B) the Cornwallis Commission
C) the Bentinck reforms
D) the Morley-Minto reforms
E) the Rowlatt Act
14) Which of the following statements concerning the leadership of the decolonization movement in India just prior to World War I is most correct
A) Leadership was assumed by more radical members of the Congress Party such as Tilak just before 1914.
B) The Congress Party lost its leadership role to the Socialist Party, which was more willing to court the masses of the Indian peasantry .
C) Tilak's removal and the repression campaigns against terrorists, along with British reforms, strengthened the hands of the Western-educated moderates in Congress.
D) It is difficult, if not impossible, to ident~ leadership in the fragmented Congress Party of 1914.
E) India depended on British colonial reformers for assistance.
15) Egypt is the one country in the Afro-Asian world in which
A) decolonization occurred in the nineteenth century.
B) decolonization failed to occur until the 19805.
C) European countries failed to establish a colonial base until after World War I.
D) the emergence of nationalism preceded European conquest and domination.
E) was decidedly European in its history and outlook
16) The British first occupied Egypt following the Orabi revolt in
A) 1805. B) 1867. C) 1882. D) 1914. E) 1902
17) British occupation of Egypt meant double colonization, by the British and by
A) the French.
B) the Arabs.
C) the Germans.
D) the Turks.
E) the Russians.
18) What British political officer dominated government policy in Egypt after 1882 and pushed for economic reforms intended to reduce the Khedival debt
A) Lord Afton
)Lord Cromer
C) Lord Bentinck
D) GeneralGordon
E) Admiral Nelson
19) Which of the following groups did NOT benefit from the British economic reforms in Egypt
A) the ayan
B) the Egyptian bourgeoisie
C) the peasants
D) the Turco-Egyptian political elite
E) the European bondholders.
20) What group within Egypt took up the cause of national independence and decolonization
A) the ayan
B) the Turco-Egyptian political elite
C) sons of the effendi
D) the peasants
E) the army
21) Prior to World War I, what was the primary difference between Egyptian and the Indian nationalist movements
A) In India a single political party dominated the nationalist movement, but in Egypt a variety of rival parties proliferated.
B) The Egyptian nationalist movement was dominated by peasantry, while in India Western- educated lawyers ran the movement.
C) Whereas India had been dominated by the British since the 18th century , Europeans played no role in Egyptian colonialism.
D) Egypt lacked an educated elite capable of assuming leadership of the nationalist movement.
E) Egyptian nationalists tended to side with the British in international conflicts, whereas Indian nationalists did not.
22) By 1913, the British
A) had granted full independence to Egypt.
B) had eliminated resistance to their regime in Egypt.
C) granted a constitution to Egyptian nationalists.
D) had withdrawn from Egypt.
E) had destroyed the relationship between Egypt and the Islamic world.
23) What was the Dinshawai incident
A) A party of Egyptian guerillas tore up much of the Egyptian railway system.
B) A group of British officers were imprisoned in a great hole in Khartoum.
C) British officers hunting pigeons accidentally shot the wife of a Muslim prayer leader and were subsequently assaulted.
D) The British tore down an Islamic mosque to construct a cathedral.
E) Egyptian nationalists sank British gunboats in Cairo harbor.
24) What was the outcome of the Dinshawai incident in Egypt
A) The British withdrew from Egypt prior to World War I.
B) The British were forced to suppress a revolt led by the Mahdi in the Sudan.
C) Mass support, including the emergence of ayan allegiance, for the national cause grew in Egypt.
D) Islamic mullahs began to preach against the nationalist movement.
E) a small invasion force defeated the nationalist uprising
25) World War I had which of the following effects on India
A) Contrary to long-standing colonial policy, the British encouraged expansion of industrial production in India.
B) Faced with the increasing expense of the war, the British withdrew entirely from India.
C) The massive Indian army was demilitarized in order to permit the British to concentrate on the western front.
D) Because of doubts of Indian loyalty, thousands of additional British troops were sent to the colony.
E) India emerged from the war more firmly in the grip of the British Empire.
26) Which of the following did NOT occur as a result of European participation in World War I
A) African and Asian soldiers were ordered by European officers to kill other Europeans.
B) European troops in the colonies were withdrawn to meet the need for manpower on the war fronts.
C) African and Asian administrators filled posts vacated by British and French officials recalled to Europe.
D) The British and French made promises regarding post-war decolonization that they adhered to strictly.
E) India won complete independence from the British.
27) Shortly after the outbreak of World War L Indian nationalist leaders such as Gandhi and Tilak
A) mounted boycotts of British goods to end Indian support for the war.
B) led a revolt in India against British colonial rule.
C) toured India selling war bonds to finance the war effort.
D) forced the British to agree to Indian independence.
E) enlisted in the British army.
28) What reforms offered in 1919 in India increased the powers of Indian legislators at the all- India level and placed much of the provincial administration of India under local ministries
A) the Marshall-Minto reforms
B) the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms
C) the Cornwallis-Jinnah Agreements
D) the Baxter Commission
E) the Simon Commission
29) The Rowlatt Act of 1919
A) decreed Indian independence from Britain.
B) granted Home Rule within the British Commonwealth of Nations.
C) created a government in India similar to that of Canada.
D) placed severe restrictions on key Indian civil rights.
E) divided India into two countries.
30) Which of the following statements concerning M. K. Gandhi is most accurate
A) He was a Westem-educated lawyer who combined a rather astute understanding of the British colonizers with the attributes of a traditional Hindu holy man.
B) Gandhi was the first of the great liberators who sprang from the ranks of the simple peasants.
C) Gandhi's lack of education and social standing made it difficult for him to break into the traditional leadership of the Congress Party.
D) Gandhi's position in India depended on his role as a mullah among the Indian Muslims.
E) He was the Indian leader most sympathetic to British points of view.
31) Gandhi's advocacy of boycotts, strikes, non-cooperation, and mass demonstrations was called
A) the mandala.
B) satyagraha.
C) the Kamasutra.
D) the Raj.
E) the lathie
32) What Gandhi's leadership gave to the Congress Party that it had previously lacked was
A) appeal to the Muslims.
B) a "holy man" image that attracted the masses to the nationalist movement.
C) money.
D) close support among the British administrators.
E) a strong national identity.
33) What was the cause of the foundation o the Muslim League in 1906
A) It represented the fears among some Muslims of Hindu domination and religious conservatism
B) Gandhi continually called for the extermination of the Muslim minority
C) The British wished to divide the nationalist movement
D) Because Muslims represented the majority of the Indian population, mullahs believed a separate party was necessary
E) It encouraged Indians to convert to the Muslim faith
34) In 1931, Gandhi renewed his civil disobedience to the British administration of India with
A) guerrilla assaults on the Simon Commission.
B) the March on Hunger.
C) coal strikes.
D) the Salt March.
E) sit- down strikes.
35) In the Government of India Act of 1935, the British
A) launched a severe attack on Indian civil rights.
B) ended the a1l-India Congress formed earlier and returned to direct colonial rule.
C) turned the provincial governments over to Indian leaders who were chosen by an expanded electorate.
D) withdrew from India and granted Indian independence.
E) made Gandhi President of India.
36) Despite their promises of Arab independence, Britain and France created a number of in the Middle East under the auspices of the League of Nations.
A) mandates B) satrapies C) signatories D) provinces E) republics
37) Zionism refers to
A) the Arabic insistence on decolonization in the Middle East.
B) the Turkish desire to restore the dominance of the Ottoman Empire.
C) European intentions to create new states in the Middle East after World War I.
D) Jewish aspirations to return to an ancient homeland in Palestine.
E) movements designed to guarantee civil rights for Jews in Europe.
38) One of the founders of the World Zionist Organization in 1897 was the Austrian journalist,
A) Theodor Herzl.
B) Franz Gruber.
C) Itzhak Shamir.
D) Solomon Spellman.
E) Alfred Dreyfus.
39) What occurred in Egypt in the aftermath of World War I
A) The government of Egypt was one of the mandates established by the League of Nations in the Middle East.
B) When the representatives at Versailles refused to hear an Egyptian group sent to argue for self determination, a rebellion broke out in Egypt.
C) The Treaty of Versailles, according to the principle of self-determination presented by President Wilson, recognized the independence of Egypt.
D) Much of Egypt was incorporated into a Zionist state created in the Middle East after the War according to the Balfour Declaration.
E) Egypt was fully restored to the Ottoman Empire.
40) After World War I the Egyptian nationalist movement was centralized in the Wafd Party under
A) Gamel Abdul Nasser.
B) Sherif Hussein.
C) Achmad Orabi.
D) Sa'd Zaghlul.
E) T.E. Lawrence
41) Which of the following statements concerning the nationalist governments of Egypt after the British withdrawal in 1936 is most accurate
A) The nationalist parties quickly established a liberal democracy that proved a model for the creation of progressive administrations in the Middle East.
B) Once the British withdrew, Egypt fell prey immediately to the resurgent Turkish empire centered in Constantinople.
C) The nationalist party governments did little to relieve the misery of the Egyptian peasantry and used the opportunity to rule for personal enrichment.
D) Rapid programs of land redistribution resulted in an equitable sharing of national resources, but failed to alter the essential poverty of the Egyptian masses.
E) Egypt created the first western-style democracy in Africa.
42) Which of the following statements concerning the early nationalist movements of Africa is most accurate
A) French-speaking west Africans tended to concentrate their efforts at political representation within their colonies.
B) By the mid-1920s, racist views of African society were becoming more strident, and most Europeans refused to countenance the concept of a progressive African culture.
C) Pan-Africanism, linking all Africans in a single national movement for independence, was the most successful apparatus for achieving decolonization.
D) The early leadership of pan-African organizations was more often American and West Indian than African.
E) Most nationalist movements were opposed by strong, well-organized tribal movements.
43) What document during World War II included a clause that recognized the "right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live	"
A) the Marshall Plan
B) the Atlantic Charter
C) the Balfour
D) the Truman Doctrine
E) the Yalta Agreements
44) How did the Indian Congress Party and nationalist leaders respond to British participation in World War 11
A) As in World War I, the Congress Party and nationalist leaders such as Gandhi led popular rallies in favor of the British war effort.
B) Nationalist leaders of all parties opposed the war effort.
C) Congress opposed the war effort and its leaders were jailed, but the Muslim League rallied to the British cause.
D) The Muslim League and the Communists opposed the British war effort as a means of establishing independence.
E) Civil disobedience campaigns were cancelled for the duration of the war.
45) Of all the nationalist parties in India, the British were most closely allied with
A) the Muslim League.
B) Congress.
C) the Quit India movement.
D) the Communists.
E) the Cripps League.
46) What was the solution to the division in India between Muslims and Hindus in 1947
A) The British established a single government with a Hindu majority, but with specific offices reserved for Muslims.
B) The government of India was divided between two houses of the Indian parliament--one for Muslims, one for Hindus.
C) The British simply withdrew from India without any political settlement of the problem of religious division.
D) The British decided to divide India into two nations--a Muslim Pakistan and a secular, but Hindu-dominated, India.
E) The British retained control over all India until these differences could be worked out.
47) Which of the following nations achieved independence without violence
A) Indonesia
B) Philippines
C) Indochina
D) India
E) Taiwan
48) What radical African leader helped to achieve independence in Ghana
A) Julius Nyerere
B) Jomo Kenyatta
C) Kwame Nkrumah
D) Nelson Mandela
E) Leopold Senghor
49) By what decade had the European colonization of most of black Africa come to an end
A) 1950s B) 1960s C) 1970s D) 1980s E) 1940s
50) In what type of African colonies was the process of decolonization most violent
A) those that were least industrialized
B) White Dominions
C) those with large numbers of white settlers
D) "true” colonies
E) those in the interior of Africa.
51) Failure of the British to deal with the leader of the largest nationalist party, Jomo Kenyatta, led to a violent and prolonged revolution in
A) Nigeria.
B) Ghana.
C) South Africa.
D) Kenya.
E) Tanganyika.
52) Which of the following statements concerning the Algerian independence movement is most accurate
A) Algeria won its independence from France in a peaceful movement led by white settlers in the colony.
B) Decolonization in Algeria was violent, as white settlers resisted independence through the OAS supported by powerful elements within the French military.
C) Independence in Algeria was achieved as a result of the military victory of the FLN over the French army.
D) Unlike the rest of Africa, Algeria was never decolonized and remained a province of France.
E) Berbers enjoyed the benefits of membership in the French Empire and opposed independence.
53) In what nation were white settlers able to retain their position of supremacy
A) Kenya
B) Algeria
C) Southern Rhodesia
D) South Africa
E) Nigeria
54) The Afrikaner National Party in South Africa established a rigid system of racial segregation caned
A) Boer prejudice.
B) voortrekker.
C) apartheid.
D) swartzfrei.
E) Black Codes.
55) Which of the following statements concerning Zionism following World War II is most accurate
A) Zionists turned to violent attempts to eject the British from Palestine in response to the British attempts to limit immigration to the Middle East.
B) The Zionist movement turned to peaceful demonstrations and boycotts on the model of the Indian nationalist movement and refused to participate in violence.
C) The Zionist movement, frustrated by the failure to achieve an independent nation, weakened after World War II.
D) The Zionist movement was eliminated after World War II by the combined action of the Palestinian Arabs and the British.
E) Zionism was but little affected by events which took place during World War II
56) Which of the following statements concerning the creation of the state of Israel in 1948 is NOT correct
A) Arab states bordering Israel attacked the new nation, but failed to defeat the Israelis.
B) The United States supported the creation of Israel in 1948, but the Soviet Union opposed its formation.
C) The partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arabic states was carried out in the United Nations.
D) The Arab-Israeli war of 1948 created hundreds of thousands of Arab refugees from Palestine.
E) The United Nations lent a semblance of legality to the establishment of Israel

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