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Chapter 34 Questions

Question	Answer
Chapter 34 Africa and Asia in the Era of Independence
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Which of the following was NOT a problem for the new nations created in the wake of the withdrawal of European imperialists'
A) underdeveloped economies
B) divisions between different ethnic groups and religions
C) reconquest by Europeans
D) concessions made to departing colonizers
E) rapid population growth
2) Why have ethnic rivalries and communal violence been endemic in decolonized African states'
A) The level of civilization in Africa was more primitive at the time of colonization.
B) Tribal life in Africa was traditionally more violent than other cultures.
C) The introduction of slavery by whites in the nineteenth century brutalized African culture.
D) Europeans hastily colonized Africa and established boundaries without reference to ethnic groups or cultural homogeneity.
E) Africans received training and weapons from European colonists.
3) The fragmentation of Pakistan resulted in the creation in 1972 of the independent nation of
A) Myanmar.
B) Sri Lanka.
C) Bangladesh.
D) Bhutan E) Ceylon
4) The Ibo peoples attempted to create the independent state of Biafra, but failed to successfully secede from
A) Ghana.
B) Nigeria.
C) Sudan.
D) Angola.
E) Senegal.
5) Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the attitudes of African leaders with respect to altering unnatural boundaries created in the colonial era
A) The Pan-African Congress actively sought to identify regions of cultural and religious homogeneity for a reconstruction of national boundaries.
B) African leaders have been willing to consider internal boundary adjustments, but opposed to imposed settlements from the United Nations.
C) Africa, unlike Asia, has been largely untroubled by boundaries that fail to reflect ethnic and religious divisions.
D) African leaders seek to maintain boundaries for fear that adjustment could provide precedents for dissident minorities in their own states.
E) Tribal boundaries are respected by African nationalist leaders.
6) What was the most formidable barrier to economic growth post-colonial Africa
A) lack of capital
B) lack of technology
C) lack of educational institutions
D) rapid population growth
E) European tariff barriers
7) European colonizers contributed to African population growth by all of the following means EXCEPT
A) the introduction of new food sources from the New World.
B) by bringing an end to local wars.
C) by introducing railway lines that cut down on regional famines.
D) by encouraging immigration of large numbers of whites.
E) by outlawing all means of birth ,control.
8) Which of the following statements concerning population growth in the Third World is most accurate
A) Population in Asia has actually begun to decline in recent decades.
B) The rate of population growth of Asia is much higher than that of Africa.
C) The rate of population growth of Africa is greater than that of Asia.
D) The population of Africa has actually begun to decline in recent decades.
E) Third World growth rates are lower than in the developed nations.
9) Which of the following is NOT a factor in the high birth rate of Third World nations
A) the ability to import food to feed the increased population
B) resistance to birth control
C) social status symbols attached to male virility and the ability of women to have male children
D) the need to extend family lineages in Africa
E) lack of awareness and education regarding population growth issues
10) One of the chief by-products of population growth in Third World nations has been
A) industrialization.
B) mass migrations to cities.
C) imposition of effective state birth control programs.
D) intensive programs of land redistribution.
E) overpopulation in the countryside
11) What did Third World cities lack that had made possible the absorption of a similar migrant influx in the West
A) expanding industrial sectors
B) slums
C) low population growth in the countryside
D) competition for jobs
E) natural resources
12) Which of the following statements concerning the urban poor in Third World cities is most accurate
A) Despite their condition and large numbers, the urban poor of the third world have not had a political impact.
B) Development specialists have concluded that slums provide the only urban housing the poor are likely to find.
C) Cities in the third world, fueled by the existence of cheap labor supply, have become the most productive centers of the economy.
D) Third world cities generally display the markings of careful urban planning in their programs of expansion.
E) Within a few years most of the population will become middle class.
13) Which of the following is NOT a problem in the rural environment of Third World countries
A) deforestation
B) depletion of soils
C) insufficient labor supply \
D) industrial pollution
E) inefficient farming techniques
14) On what have Third World countries traditionally depended to finance industrialization
A) development of banking systems
B) sale of resources left behind by colonizers
C) profits of previous industrialization
D) sale of cash crops and minerals
E) high taxes
15) In what export commodity have some Third World nations been able to improve the terms under which they participate in the global economy I at least for periods of time
A) oil
B) coffee
C) bauxite
D) cocoa
E) ivory
16) "Neocolonialism" refers to
A) Europe's conquest of new colonies in Africa and Asia.
B) Japan's conquest of much of Asia during World War n.
C) the continued relegation of the Third World to economic dependency after decolonization.
D) the creation of colonies by India and the more advanced nations of Africa in the last several decades.
E) new world powers are taking over areas once ruled by Europe.
17) Which of the following is NOT a drawback to accepting investment capital from First and Second World nations
A) excessively high rates of interest
B) required military alliances
C) requirements for removal of state subsidies on food and other essential items
D) commitments to buy products of investors
E) the adoption of western economic models
18) What was Kwame Nkrumah's response to the failure of his programs of social reform and economic uplift
A) He became increasingly indebted to the powers of Europe and the United States.
B) He forcibly crushed all opposition parties and assumed dictatorial powers.
C) He abandoned African culture and increasingly imposed mandatory Westernization. D) He resigned the prime ministry to his political opponents and established a guerilla movement in the rural countryside.
E) He created a genuine connection between Ghana's past and present to inspire the people.
19) Nkrumah's Ghana
A) was identical to the ancient kingdom of the same name.
B) incorporated the territories of the ancient kingdom, but was much larger overall.
C) consisted of only a small portion of the ancient kingdom.
D) was actually the old Gold Coast and had little to do with the ancient kingdom, which had been located farther north.
E) gained some diplomatic and economic support from the Soviet Union.
20) Kwame Nkrumah's political and economic programs
A) rejuvenated Ghana's lagging industrialization with massive injections from the West.
B) resulted in the creation of the most democratic government in Africa.
C) led to failed development schemes and his eventual ouster from power in 1966.
D) represented the most thorough Westernization program in Africa.
E) made Ghana a model of decolonization.
21) One of the most common elements of African and Asian governments since decolonization is
A) the creation of liberal democracies.
B) military takeovers.
C) Communism.
D) effective industrialization.
E) stable economic systems.
22) Which of the following countries has NOT experienced a military takeover of its government
A) Ghana
B) Vietnam
C) Nigeria
D) India
E) South Africa
23) Which of the following reasons was NOT a factor in explaining the frequency of military takeover in Third World nations
A) Regimentation rendered soldiers more resistant to division by religious and ethnic rivalries.
B) Military forces in Third World nations often received support from the Soviet bloc.
C) The military possessed a monopoly of force essential in restoring order during political crisis.
D) Military personnel possessed some technical training that was often lacking among civilian nationalist leaders.
E) Most of the people favored strong military rule.
24) Among the worst examples of military regimes in Third World nations was
A) Uganda.
B) India.
C) Kenya.
D) Zambia.
E) Madagascar.
25) The Muslim Brotherhood, an Egyptian reform movement founded in 1928, was led by
A) Gamal Abdul Nasser.
B) Ahmad Orabi.
C) the Khedive Farouk.
D) Hasan al-Banna.
E) David Ben-Gurion.
26) The Muslim Brotherhood embraced all of the following EXCEPT
A) a fundamentalist approach to Islam.
B) the promotion of trade unions.
C) non-violence.
D) land reform.
E) religious unity .
27) The Khedive Farouk was toppled from power in 1952 by a coup led by
A) the Free Officers Movement.
B) the Muslim Brotherhood.
C) the Mahdists.
D) Black September.
E) the Zionists.
28) The man who emerged as head of the Egyptian government following the 1952 coup was
A) Gamal Abdul Nasser.
B) Ahmad Orabi.
C) Anwar Sadat.
D) Hasan al-Banna.
E) Sharif Hussein
29) The military government of Egypt after 1952 attempted all of the following reforms EXCEPT
A) land redistribution schemes limiting the amount of land a single individual could own.
B) state-financed education through the college level.
C) state subsidies to lower the price of food staples.
D) an isolationist foreign policy to minimize military expenses.
E) government employment programs.
30) The Egyptian government was able to force the British and their French allies out of the Suez Canal Zone in
A) 1952. B) 1956. C) 1961. D) 1974. E) 1967.
31) The cornerstone of Egyptian development after 1952 was
A) the Aswan dam project.
B) the construction of the Suez Canal.
C) the irrigation of the Sinai.
D) the construction of a Mediterranean port at Khartoum.
E) the development of Cairo as a major international tourist destination.
32) In which of the following ways did Anwar Sadat alter Egyptian policies established by .the military government after 1952
A) He increased state control of the economy.
B) He created stronger ties with the Soviet Union as a means of increasing foreign investment in Egypt.
C) He ended the costly confrontation with Israel after 1973.
D) He increased Egyptian support for Arab revolutionary movements.
E) He rejected all diplomatic ties to the United States.
33) In which of the following ways was India similar to Egypt following decolonization
A) level of industrialization
B) emphasis on socialism and state intervention
C) military takeover of government
D) size of the middle class
E) minimal influence of religious issues
34) In the first decades of independence, India was governed by
A) M. K. Gandhi.
B) M. A. Jinnah.
C) M. A. Bhutto.
D) J. Nehru.
E) R. J. Singh
35) Perhaps more than any other Third World nation, India has been successful at
A) controlling population growth.
B) raising living standards.
C) equitable land redistribution.
D) preserving civil rights and democracy.
E) minimizing religious conflict.
36) Who was brought to power in 1979 in Iran through a radical revolution
A) Saddam Hussein
B) Hosni Mubarak
C) Ayatollah Khomeini
D) Gamal Abdul Nasser
E) Reza Shah Pahlavi
37) In many respects, the Iranian revolution of 1979 is most like
A) the military coup in Egypt in 1952.
B) Gandhi's non-violent resistance to the British Raj.
C) Kwame Nkrumah's government.
D) the Mahdist revolution in the Sudan in the 1880s.
E) the Zionist movement in Israel.
38) Iran, unlike other areas of the Third World,
A) had not been formally colonized by European powers, but had been reduced to an informal sphere of influence.
B) did not have problems with inequitable land distribution.
C) possessed a substantial Western-educated middle class.
D) was heavily industrialized and not dependent on the export of cash crops or mineral wealth.
E) had few local traditions to overcome in achieving nationhood.
39) Development schemes in Iran were forestalled because of
A) internal bickering among the mullahs and ayatollahs.
B) a lengthy and exhausting border war with neighboring Iraq.
C) Iran's invasion of Israel.
D) the radical secularization of Iran's government.
E) an invasion by the United States.
40) What European colonizer, other than Britain, was able to hold on to its colonies in Mrica into the mid-1970s
A) France
B ) Germany
C) the United States
D) Portugal
E) the Netherlands
41) From 1948, South African politics were dominated by
A) the Nationalist Party.
B) the black leadership of the Zulu nation.
C) British administrators.
D) a U.N. mandate government dominated by the U.S.
E) the Afrikaaners.
42) What were the "homelands" established by the government of South Africa
A) areas reserved for the white minority
B) areas designated for the main ethno-linguistic groups of indigenous peoples within South Africa
C) areas outside of the boundaries of South Africa designated for emigration of indigenous peoples
D) areas of South America in which land redistribution among the Boer population has taken place
E) areas whose independence was guaranteed by the United Nations
43) Which of the following methods was NOT used by the South African government to suppress dissent among the black population
A) arrest of opposition leaders
B) favoritism shown to some leaders in order to divide opponents of apartheid
C) use of spies and police informers
D) use of state programs to improve the conditions of the black townships
E) creation of a police state
44) One of the signs of slightly diminished racial tensions in South Africa in 1990 was the freeing of
A) Steve Biko.
B) Julius Nyerere.
C) Nelson Mandela.
D) Jomo Kenyatta.
E) Desmond Tutu.

Created by: Bumble3000

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