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11 Organ Systems and
Organ Systems Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Integumentary System's Major Organs | Skin, Hair, Sweat Glands, Nails |
| Muscular System's Major Organs | Skeletal muscles, Associated Tendons |
| Endocrine System's Major Organs | Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Pancreas, Suprarenal Glands, Gonads (testes and ovaries), Endocrine tissues in other systems |
| Skeletal System's Major Organs | Bones, Cartilages, Bones Marrow, Associated Ligaments |
| Nervous System's Major Organs | Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves, Sense Organs |
| Cardiovascular System's Major Organs | Heart, Blood, Blood Vessels |
| Lymphoid System's Major Organs | Spleen, Thymus, Lymphatic Vessels, Lymph Nodes, Tonsils |
| Respiratory System's Major Organs | Nasal Cavities, Sinuses, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs, Alveoli |
| Urinary System's Major Organs | Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra |
| Female Reproductive System's Major Organs | Ovaries, Uterine Tube, Uterus, Vagina, Labia, Clitoris, Mammary Glands |
| Male Reproductive System's Major Organs | Epididymides, Testes, Penis, Scrotum, Prostate Gland, Seminal Vesicles, Ductus Deferens |
| Digestive System's Major Organs | Teeth, Tongue, Stomach, Pharynx, Esophagus, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder |
| Name the 11 Organ Systems | Integumentary, Digestive, Lymphoid, Reproductive, Respiratory, Nervous, Endocrine, Urinary, Skeletal, Muscular, Cardiovascular |
| What does the Integumentary System do? | Protects against environmental hazards, helps regulate body temperature, and provides sensory information |
| What does the Muscular System do? | Provides movement, provides support and protection for other tissues, and generates heat that maintains body temperature |
| What does the Endocrine System do? | Directs long-term changes in activities of other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body, and controls many structural and functional changes during development |
| What does the Skeletal System do? | Forms blood cells and provides support and protection for other tissues |
| What does the Nervous System do? | Directs immediate responses to stimuli, coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems, provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions |
| What does the Cardiovascular System do? | Distributes blood cells, water and dissolved materials like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste products. Also distributes heat and assists in control of body temperature |
| What does the Lymphoid System do? | Defends against infection and disease, and returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream |
| What does the Digestive System do? | Processes and digests food, absorbs and conserves water, absorbs nutrients (ions, water and breakdown products of dietary sugars, proteins and fats) and stores energy reserves |
| What does the Respiratory System do? | Delivers air to alveoli (site in lungs where gas exchange occurs), provides oxygen to bloodstream, removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream, and produces sounds for communication |
| What does the Urinary System do? | Excretes waste products from the blood, controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced, stores urine prior to voluntary elimination, and regulates blood ion concentrations and pH |
| What does the Female Reproductive System do? | Produces female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones, supports developing embryo from conception to delivery, provides milk to nourish newborn, and sexual intercourse |
| What does the Male Reproductive System do? | Produces male sex cells (sperm), suspending fluids and hormones. Sexual intercourse. |
| Abdominal | Anterior Body trunk inferior to the ribs |
| Acromial | Anterior point of the shoulder |
| Antebrachial | Anterior forearm |
| Antecubital | Anterior surface of elbow |
| Axillary | Anterior armpit |
| Brachial | Anterior arm |
| Buccal | Anterior Cheek |
| Carpal | Anterior wrist |
| Cephalic | Anterior head |
| Cervical | Anterior neck region |
| Coxal | Anterior hip |
| Crural | Anterior leg (shin) |
| Digital | Anterior fingers or toes |
| Femoral | Anterior thigh |
| Fibular | Anterior side of leg (peroneal) |
| Frontal | Anterior forehead |
| Hallux | Anterior big toe |
| Inguinal | Anterior groin |
| Mammary | Anterior breast |
| Manus | Anterior hand |
| Mental | Anterior Chin |
| Nasal | Anterior Nose |
| Oral | Anterior Mouth |
| Orbital | Anterior eye socket |
| Palmar | Anterior palm of hand |
| Patellar | Anterior knee region (kneecap) |
| Pedal | Anterior foot |
| Pelvic | Anterior pelvis region |
| Pollex | Anterior thumb |
| Pubic | Anterior genital region |
| Sternal | Anterior breastbone region |
| Tarsal | Anterior ankle |
| Thoracic | Anterior chest |
| Umbilical | Anterior navel |
| Acromial II | Posterior point of the shoulder |
| Brachial II | Posterior arm |
| Calcaneal | Posterior heel of foot |
| Cephalic II | Posterior head |
| Dorsum | Posterior back |
| Femoral II | Posterior thigh |
| Lumbar | Posterior lower back between ribs and hips |
| Manus II | Posterior hand |
| Occipital | Posterior base of skull |
| Olecranal | Posterior elbow |
| Otic | Posterior ear |
| Pedal II | Posterior foot |
| Perineal | Posterior region between anus and genitalia |
| Plantar | Posterior sole of foot |
| Popliteal | Posterior knee |
| Sacral | Posterior region between hips, overlying the sacrum |
| Scapular | Posterior shoulder blade area |
| Sural | Posterior leg (calf) |
| Vertebral | Posterior spinal column |
| Superior | Above |
| Inferior | Below |
| Anterior | Front |
| Posterior | Back |
| Medial | Towards the midline |
| Lateral | Away from Midline |
| Dorsal | Backside |
| Ventral | Belly Side |
| Proximal | Near attached end |
| Distal | Farther from attached end |
| Superficial | Toward body surface |
| Deep | Away from body surface |
| Cephalad (human) | toward the head (superior) |
| Cephalad (animal) | toward the head (anterior) |
| Caudal (human) | Toward the tail (inferior) |
| Caudal (animal) | toward the tail (posterior) |
| Frontal Plane | (coronal) divides front and back |
| Transverse Plane | (cross section) divides top half and bottom half |
| Median Plane | (sagittal, midsagittal) divides left and right |
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katiapisces