Why is preplanning a crucial component of firefighting

It gives firefighters the tools to prepare against potential hazards

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Building Constructio

Brannigans Building Construction

Question	Answer
Reviewing a building ahead of a fire to gather information	Prefire Planning
Universal distress signal	Mayday
Fire within a building's structure	Building fire
Fire that includes a building's structure	Structure fire
Information that should be included in an officer's initial report upon arrival	Construction type
Prospective form of real-time data, transmitted directly to responding firefighters	Interactive preplans
Approximately, how many firefighters are killed each year	100
Why is preplanning a crucial component of firefighting	It gives firefighters the tools to prepare against potential hazards
A twisting force	Torsion
An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load	Stress
A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member	Compression
An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed	Strain
A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction	Lateral impact load
The weight of a building	Dead load
The weight of a building's contents	Live load
A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section	Eccentric load
A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body	Tension
A load acting on a very small area of the structure's surface	Concentrated load
The wall that typically has the highest fire rating and is the strongest within a building	Fire wall
Type of connection that allows the weight of the building to hold them in place	Gravity connection
Type of beam that is supported at three or more points	Continuous
The line along a beam that does not change	Neutral axis or Plane
A structural member that transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member	Column
The result of force exerted by a beam on a support	Reaction (of a beam)
Type of wall that acts as one unit	Homogeneous wall
Steel heated to 1000F will elongate how far per 100ft of length	9 inches
Floor commonly used in heavy timber buildings	Self releasing floors
Made by sandwiching a piece of steel between two wooden beams	Flitch plate girder
The combination of two different materials in a floor	Composite floor
Externally braced buildings	Tube construction
The rate available energy is released	Heat release rate
May be necessary to insert when changes are made in the foundation of an existing wall	Needle beam
The oldest structural member	Beam
Another name for struts or rakers	Nonvertical columns
A beam that moves loads laterally when it is not convenient to arrange columns in an ideal way	Transfer beam
Design of some steel buildings that have connections that redirect overloads to other sections of the building	A plastic design
A wedge shaped block whose converging sides radiate from a center forming an element of an arch or vaulted ceiling	Voussoir
Bricks designed to join wythes	Headers
A mass of masonry placed against a wall to strengthen it. Necessary when a vault or an arch places a heavy load or thrust on one part of a wall	Buttress
Braces a column diagonally	Raker
A masonry column built on the inside surface of a wall	Pilaster
The outside member of a truss, as opposed to the inner webbed members	Chord
The end of a joist is cut off at an angle to permit the joist to fall out of the wall without damaging the wall	Firecut
A truss that has very rigid corner bracing	Vierendeel
A beam and column combined into a single element	Arch
Wall that divides tenant spaces	Demising
Type of wood panel that has all strands laid at right angles	Oriented Strand Board OSB
Type of stone that is particularly subject to spalling when exposed to fire	Granite
Temperature at which structural steel fails	1000F
A material that contributes fuel to the combustion process	Combustible
Material that is strong in tension but weak in compression	Hemp rope
Used to support smaller buildings and those built on stronger soils	Footings
Person responsible for the overall project	General contractor
Grooved ridged material	Corrugation
Wall assembly that subdivides a building to prevent the spread of fire	Fire partition
Type of material that can drip and produce secondary fire	Thermoplastics
Space separated by smoke-rated barrier in which a tenable environment is maintained during a fire	Area of refuge
Placed in concrete to give it special characteristics	Admixtures
Used to strengthen a roof over large areas	Folded plate
Temporary shoring or lateral bracing to support the work in process of construction	Falsework
Material that chars and burns but does not flow	Thermosets
Property of a metal that allows it to be shaped	Malleable
Large series of large timbers or steel driven into the ground to provide a solid foundation for the superstructure of a building	Pile
Building type described in building codes but is not technically acurate	Noncombustible
Which class of standpipe system has a 2.5-inch connection	Class I
A type of sprinkler that dumps most of the water on the fire	ESFR Early suppression fast response
Fiberboard punched with holes	Combustible accoustical tile
Small panels indicating the fire detector activation	Remote annunciators
Gallons per minute per sq ft required within a sprinkler system	Demand Area
Location in buldings where dangerous gases are handled	Gravity vent
Another name for NFPA 255: Standard method of test surface burning characteristics if building materials	Steiner tunnel test
Rapid spread of flame over one or more surfaces	Flameover
Individual riser segments, one on top of the other	Zone
Valve or plate for controlling the draft or flow of gases	Damper
Material often used in older library flooring	Marble
Ceilings made of embossed steel and wooden boards	Matchboarding
Device that is usually located near an entrance to a building to monitor the building alarm system	Remote annunciator
The most expensive byproduct of fire suppression	Water damage
What gas is now considered as dangerous as carbon monoxide in fires	Hydrogen cyanide
What does the radiant flux test measure about a material	Ability to resist flame spread
Fire resistance that is based on the testing of a wall floor or column assembly	Rated fire resistance
Fiberglass or rock-wool insulation with various thicknesses available	Batt
Venting of smoke	Purge
Type of gaseous fire-extinguishing-agent system that does not leave a residue	Cleanagent
System used to protect materials damaged by water	Carbon dioxide
Subdivision of a building into smaller areas so that fire or smoke is confined	Compartmentation
Burning of heated, gaseous products of combustion after oxygen is introduced into a space where oxygen had been depleted	Backdraft
Low-density fiberboards made of wood fibers or sugar cane residue	Bagasse
Type of switch that when flipped silences the fire alarm but leaves it activated	Silence
Resistant to fire	Flameproof
Rapid involvement of a fire situation that goes beyond the normal attack situations that fire departments encounter	Conflagration
The unit rate of water application to an area or surface; expressed in gpm/ft2	Density
Adequate exits within a building	Egress
The classification rated in time the ability of a structure or component to withstand a standardized fire test	Fire-rated
Construction designed to provide reasonable protection against fire	Fire resistant
Substance that helps delay or prevent combustion	Fire retardant
Material applied to structural elements or systems, which provides increased fire resistance; usually serves no structural function.	Fireproof
Where could you look to find information on fire fighter deaths and how they occurred	NIOSH
Why is clear communication such a critical factor for all fire depts to use	To convey the building's characteristics, notify of hidden hazards and prepare for fire attack
What is the fundamental reason building construction is so important	Our lives depend on it. If we know how buildings go up and are built, we know how they mey be effected by fire and fail
A more appropriate term for a brick building	Ordinary construction
A more accurate term for prefire planning	Prefire analysis
Why should prefire planning and fire inspections be separate activities	Inspection is a policing effort
A load that passes through the centroid of a section under construction and is perpendicular to the plane of the section	Axial load
Lightweight steel truss joist	Bar joist
A structural member which transmits forces perpendicular to such forces to the reaction points	Beam
Diagonal member that supports what would otherwise be a cantilever	Bracket
Made up of steel plates and angles riveted together, as distinguished from one rolled from one piece of steel	Built-up girder
A beam supported at one end only, rigidly held in position at that end	Cantilever beam
Supported by a cantelever	Cantelevered
Built of two wythes (a single verticle thickness of masonry) separated by a space for drainage or insulation	Cavity or Hollow wall
The center point at which a body would be stable, or balance, under the influence of gravity	Centroid
No external braces involved; bracing is done within the core of the structure	Core construction
Any wall at right angles to any other wall; the walls should brace one another	Cross wall
The deformation or dispacement of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it	Deflects
Braces set at an angle which connect columns and are often concealed within walls	Diagonal brace
Designed to stiffen a building against wind and other lateral loads such as earthquakes	Diaphragm floor
The potential fual available for a fire in a building	Fire load
The ability of a material to avoid ignition, combustion, and the thermal effects of fire	Fire resistance
Beam supported at two points and rigidly held in position at both points. This rigidity may cause collapse of a wall if the beam collapses and the rigid connection does not yield properly	Fixed beam
The lower division of a building that serves to transmit and anchor the loads from the super-structure directly to its earth or rock, usually below ground level	Foundation
Connecting plate made of lightweight metal used in trusses	Gang nail
A beam that supports other beams	Girder
Consists of all the structural elements and the connections that support and transfer the loads	Gravity resistance system
A series of closely spaced beams designed to carry a particularly heavy load	Grillage
Connecting plate made of lightweight metal used in trusses	Gusset plate
The effect of a moving load upon a stationary structure	Impact load
1000 pounds force	KIP
A wood board typically attached to a walls studs which are used to wood joists	Ledger board
The horizontal beam that forms the upper structural member of an opening for a window or door and supports part of the structure above it	Lintel
Beam that projects beyond its support, but not far enough to be a cantilever	Overhanging beam
A load bearing wall that is common to two structures	Party wall
A short column of masonry, usually rectangular in horizontal cross section, used to support other structural members	Pier
Structural elements are connected by simple connectors such as bolts, rivets, or welded joints	Pinned
Heavy riveting of girders to columns from the top to the bottom of the frame	Portal bracing
Structural frame in which all columns and beams are rigidly connected. There are no hinged joints, and the angular relationship between beam and column members is maintained under load	Rigid-framed
Walls that counteract the effects of lateral loads such as wind and earthquakes	Shear wall
Girders that tie wall columns together in a framed building	Spandrel girder
An open web design used for the support of loors and roofs	Steel joist
A masonry unit laid horizontally with its length in the direction of the face of the wall	Stretchers
A bracing column	Strut
A rod in tension used to hold parts of a structure together	Tie rod
Which force of nature is always acting to bring a building down	Gravity
A shaft of concrete placed under a building culumn or wall extending down to bedrock	Caisson
Internal bracing that transfers the lateral earth pressures between opposing walls throgh compressive struts	Crosslot bracing
Braced sheeting used in soil walls to protect against collapse	Tieback
Combustible that is capable of easily being ignited and rapidly consumed by fire. May be solid, liquid or gas	Flammable
Stage of a fire at which all surfacea and objects in a room or area are heated to their ignition temperature and flames develop on all contents and combustible surfaces at once	Flashover
A material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions antisipated, will not aid combustion or add appreciable heat to an ambient fire	Noncombustible
Characteristic of a material such that, once the source of ignition is removed, the flame is quickly extinguished	Self-extinguishing
A fireproof roofing shingle that is composed of cement reinforced with asbestos fibers	Asbestos cement shingle
Manufactured by saturating a dry felt with asphalt, then covering it with a fine glass fiber	Asphalt felt siding (gasoline siding)
A wooden structure in which all verticle studs in the exterior bearing walls extend the full height of the frame from sill to roof. No firestops are within the walls	Balloon frame
A type of siding that uses vertical strips of wood to cover joints	Batten
Braces placed between parallel frame members to prevent movement from their vertical axis. Also known as cross-bracing	Bridging
To cut off the corners of a timber to retard ignition	Chamfer
Wood chips that are glued together to make flat sheets. Often used in the floor construction of mobile homes	Chipboard
Grooved panels utilized on industrial buildings of wood or steel framing. Poses an electrical hazard from stray electrical wires or lightning	Corrugated metal siding
A non-load-bearing wall that carries no weight other than its own. It is installed only to keep out the weather	Curtain wall
Lumber with tongues and grooves at the ends	End matched
Ballon-frame structure finished to resemble post and frame construction	English tudor
Interlocking wood pieces that are glued together to create a longer piece of dimensional lumber	Finger joints
Planks glued togther to form a solid timber	Glued laminated timber
Buildings constructed with noncombustible or limited combustible exterior walls and floors made of large dimension combustible materials. Also known as Type IV construction	Heavy timber
The rafter at the angle where two sloping roos or sides of a roof meet	Hip
An inverted single compression member where the compression member extends downward	Inverted king post truss
Wooden 2x8s, or 10s, or 12s that run rarallel to one another and support a floor or seiling, and are supported in turn by larger beams, girders, or bearing walls	Joist
Tongue and grooved lumber (usually lengthwise)	Matched lumber
Joints atht are fitted together to transfer loads properly	Mortise and tenon
Combustible siding laid over the sheathing of a building. This type of siding comes in many different shapes and is laid horizontally	Novelty siding
Connection points of a truss system	Panel points
A truss system in which the top and bottom chords are parallel	Panel-chord truss
Used in modern construction, these buildings are built with heavier beams that are spaced much farther apart than traditional 16 inches	Plank and beam
Subflooring is laid on the joists, and the frame for the first floor walls is erected on the first floor	Platform frame
Wood panels manufactured with the grain of alternate plies laid at right angles to develop the approximate equal strength in either direction	Plywood
Four-foot-wide sheets that give the appearance of four-inch-wide strips about a half inch apart	Plywood siding
Identifiable frame or skeleton of timber fitted together. Joints are constructed by mortise and tenon, fitted together to transfer loads properly	Post and frame
The chemical decomposition of a compound into one or more other substances by heat alone; often proceeds combustion	Pyrolytically
A truss system that has two compression members	Queen post truss
Wood members used to support the roof sheeting and loads	Rafters
Placed on the ridge of the roof onto which the upper ends of rafters are fastened	Ridge board
A metal-plate truss roof system that can bow upward causing separation of ceilings from walls	Rising roof
A type of siding, these thick wooden shingles are formed by splitting a short log into tapered sections	Shingle and shake
Found on the bottom of the frame of a wood structure. It rests on and is bolted to the foundation.	Sill
False space above built-in cabinets, usually in a kitchen, or the undersides of stairways and projecting eves	Soffit
Wooden strips that fit into grooves in two adjacenet planks to make a tight floor	Spline
Columns in a frame building. Usually 2x4 or 2x6	Stud
Laid on top of the joists, it serves as the base for the finished floor	Subflooring
Used in truss system and subjected to tensile and pulling forces. Also known as a tension member	Tie
Top horizontal member of a wood frame wall that supports the ceiling joists	Top plate
Used in the majority of modern roof systems, this truss gives a triangular shape and provides a peaked roof	Triangular truss
A piece of lumber that supports a header and can be found in floor openings such as stairwells (runs perpendicular to floor joists)	Trimmer
Wooden peg used to pin together mortise and tenon joints	Trunnel
Developed by the US Forest Products Lab, it substitutes sawn beams for truss members used in the roofs and floors. It is held together with nails	Truss frame
Found within a truss roof system, this void space is between the top floor ceiling and the roof. Also known as a cockloft	Truss void
The lower slope formed by the connection of two inclined planes of a roof	Valley
Mineral used as bulk insulation and as an aggregate in insulating	Vermiculite
Indicates a structure where the entire structural load is carried on the walls. As opposed to a curtain wall	Wall-bearing
Building with exterior walls, interior walls, floors, and roofs made of combustible wood material	Wood framed
A wall-bearing building that carries the load of the structure and the contents	Wooden-walled building
In which type of truss does the compression member extend downward	Inverted king post truss
Which structural member is placed first on a foundation	Sill
A lightweight truss substitutes:	Geometry for mass
What is the biggest hazard for low density fiberboard	Fire
Planklike sections of nominal two-inch or thinner boards glued under pressure to form arches	Glulam
Name 2 different types of post trusses	Inverted king truss, queen truss
Name 3 parts of a web in a truss	Struts, ties and panel points
Name 2 types of firestopping	Inherent and legal

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