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Golden Guide Terms
English Lit/Lang terms for AS/A2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Allegory | a story or narrative, often told at some length, which has a deeper meaning below the surface. e.g. George Orwell's Animal Farm. |
| Anachronism | Something that is historically inaccurate - for example the clock chiming in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. |
| Catharsis | a purging of emotions, often takes place at the end of a tragedy. |
| Collocation | two or more words that frequently appear together as a set phrase - for example "safe and sound", "high and dry", "loud and clear". |
| Denouement | the ending of a play, novel or short story where "all is revealed" and the plot is unravelled. |
| Diachronic | a term used to describe language change that occurs over a period of time. |
| Euphemism | a work that replaces a word or term that is unpleasant, could cause offence or is taboo - e.g. "to pass away" instead of die. |
| Formulaic | a term that denotes language that is patterned and always appears in the same form - a letter for example. |
| Iamb | the most common metrical foot in English poetry, consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. |
| Malapropism | a mixing up of words that sound similar. Made famous by Mrs Malaprop from Sheridan's "The Rivals", who said "he is the very pinapple of politeness" (for pinnacle) and "she is as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile" (instead of alligator) |
| Metonymy | a feature where an attribute of the thing being described stands for the whole thing. For example, the term "crown" could be used to mean the king or queen. |
| Neologism | sometimes called a "nonce-word", a new or invented word/expression. Usually made up of existing words, though "nonce-word" was originally applied to work that had a one-off use such as "frabjous" (fair and joyous), used by Lewis Carroll. |
| Parallelism | the patterning of pairs of sounds, words or structures to create a sense of balance. For example - "I am tall, I am strong, I am brave." |
| Pathos | the effect in literature that makes the reader feel sadness or pity. |
| Quatrain | a stanza of four lines, which can have various rhyme schemes. |
| Satire | the highlighting or exposing of human failings or foolishness within society by ridiculing them. |
| Semantic Field | areas of meaning identified by a set of mutually defining words - e.g. red, blue, green, yellow, purple are associated with colour. Soldier, barracks, regiment, war are identified as describing military things. |