Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
quiz 8-9-10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A ___ is an enviromental stimulus which increases the frequency of a behavior | Reinforcer |
| In ____ conditioning, learning occurs when neutral stimuli are associated with stimuli that produce inborn responses | classical |
| Reinforcinng successive approximations of a complex behavior is called ? | shaping |
| Observational learnign is an important component of __ learnign theory | social |
| The tendency of newly-hatched goslings to follow whomever they see the most is called? | imprinting |
| The scientific study of animal behavior is called? | ethology |
| Accorfing to Bandura's social learning theory, learning by watching others is known as observational learning, while learnign by doing something yourself is know as ___ learning | enactive |
| Conditioned taste aversion is also known as the ___ effect, after the psychologist who conducted extensive research in the area. | Garcia |
| According to Skinner's operant conditioning, behavior is determined by the ___ which follow it. | consequences |
| Cognitive learning that only expresses itself behaviorally when reinforcers become available is known as ___ learning | latent |
| After returning from the war, an Army veteran who was wounded in combat becomes extremely startled when he hears fireworks, a car backfiring, and other loud noises. His fear reaction to noises that sound similar to gunfire can be explained by the learning | stimulus generalization |
| In order to teach her dog to get her a drink from the refrigerator, Emma begins by giving him a doggie treat for walking over to the refrigerator when she gives the "get drink" command. Once he has mastered this, she only rewards him when he pulls on the | Positive reinforcement, Shaping ,Operant conditioning |
| Albert Bandura termed the process of observing and imitating the behavior of others______. | modeling |
| In Pavlov's famous classical conditioning experiment, the bell was a __________ which later became a __________ when the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the bell. | neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus |
| Angel is a fast-food junkie who lives on hamburgers. Recently, he had the disturbing realization that he drooled whenever he saw the logo of his favorite fast-food restaurant. For Angel, the fast-food logo had become a __________ for the __________ of dro | conditioned stimulus; conditioned response |
| Realizing that he has a hamburger addiction, Angel decides to change his ways and become a vegetarian. After a few months of his vegetarian diet, he notices that he no longer drools when he sees fast-food logos. Angel's drooling response has undergone t | extinction. |
| In John Watson's famous conditioning of Little Albert, the loud noise was a(n) __________ for a fear response | unconditioned stimulus |
| Working with cats in specially-designed cages, Edward Thorndike found cats were likely to repeat the behaviors that had allowed them to escape in previous trials. He labeled this tendency to learn from consequences __________. | the law of effect |
| In order to train her parrot to play the piano, Unmeesha places him on a perch in front of the keyboard and gives him a cracker every time he pecks at a key. In no time, the parrot is pecking away at the keyboard. Which learning technique is Unmeesha us | positive reinforcement |
| Which of the following is a primary reinforcer? | sex |
| Tyrod's roommate frequently plays his electric guitar and has no skills. After a week of putting up with the aversive noise, Tyrod finally snaps and yells at his roommate. His roommate never plays guitar in the apartment again. Which operant learning pr | positive punishment |
| John is a caffeine junkie and would like to quit because he worries it might negatively affect his health. On his first morning without coffee, he feels irritable and groggy, and eventually develops a splitting headache. Deciding it isn't worth it, he dri | negative reinforcement |
| Manny works at a daycare and is having trouble because Little Bobby frequently hits the other children. How might Manny use negative punishment to reduce Little Bobby's violent behavior? | by taking away Little Bobby's favorite toy when he hits another child |
| Mc'Lovin is a smooth ladies man. Every time he asks a woman out on a date, she says yes. In contrast, Ralph usually has to ask 5 to 10 women out before one finally says yes. Mc'Lovin is on a(n) __________ schedule, and Ralph is on a(n) __________ schedule | continuous reinforcement; variable ratio |
| Janet's psychology professor sometimes awards extra credit points to students who make comments in class. At first, Janet thinks the teacher is giving out points randomly, but through careful observation, she determines that the professor awards points to | fixed interval |
| Huey is trying to teach a pigeon to play the guitar for a psychology project. His attempts to teach the pigeon to pluck the strings with its feet are unsuccessful. The pigeon makes a few half-hearted strums with his feet and then pecks vigorously at the | instinctive drift |
| John Garcia's research on conditioned-taste aversion showed that | learning can take place after a single trial. |
| Akiho goes deep-sea fishing on a rough day. Soon after eating her lunch of peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, she gets nauseous and vomits. Which of the following stimuli would be LEAST likely to cause Akiho to become nauseous in the future? | seeing the same fishing boat |
| After watching a movie about a champion boxer, Andrea punches her date on the arm as they leave the theater. Which learning principle best accounts for Andrea's violent behavior? | modeling |
| Sara is writing a script for an anti-smoking ad. In the script, a teenage girl who is talking to two boys takes out a cigarette and lights up. The boys make disgusted facial expressions and walk away. Sara is attempting to use a __________ approach to red | social learning |
| Vishal is attempting to replicate Pavlov's experiment. He teaches his dog to drool to the sound of a bell after 20 pairings of the bell with doggie treats. Next, he accomplishes extinction by ringing the bell 20 times without giving the dog a treat. The n | spontaneous recovery |
| Because Ted has received quite a few speeding tickets, the stimulus of a vehicle with flashing lights behind him usually elicits a fear response. When a tow truck with flashing lights pulls up behind him, he remains calm and collected. Ted is exhibiting | stimulus discrimination |
| Nature/Nurture Pointer: How does the brain change during learning? | New synapses are formed, Existing synapses are altered, Neurons grow. |
| Positive reinforcement __________ a behavior. Negative reinforcement __________ a behavior | increases; increases |
| Tolman's work on latent learning demonstrated | cognitive learning can occur in the absence of reinforcement |
| Even though she doesn't enjoy it, Alice forces herself to smoke a few cigarettes when hanging out with some really cool kids who smoke. After a few weeks of hanging out with the cool kids, she finds herself smoking cigarettes even when she is alone becaus | social; operant conditioning |
| While syntax is the rules for arranging words and symbols of a language, the entire set of rules for combining words and symbols to write and speak a language is known as | grammar |
| The scientific term for very early language is ___ or pre-language. | protolanguage |
| After cooing for a period of time, human infants begin to____ , which involves experimentation with a variety of different sounds. | babble |
| The science of how people think, learn, remember, and perceive is known as_________ psychology. | cognitive |
| Cognitive psychologists label a mental grouping of objects, events, or people a __________ , which is also considered the most basic unit of knowledge. | concept |
| According to the__________ views of language, the human brain is pre-wired for language. In other words, language is inborn. | nativist |
| The word___________ means "to know" and is used by psychologists to refer to the mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, and storing knowledge. | cognition |
| As you are taking this practice quiz, I hope you are engaged in _________ , which is the process of drawing inferences or conclusions from principles and evidence. | reasoning |
| In contrast to deductive reasoning which may be thought of as "top down" reasoning,________ reasoning involves drawing general conclusions from specific evidence. | inductive |
| __________bias is the tendency to selectively pay attention to information which supports one's beliefs while ignoring information which would disconfirm them. | Confirmation |
| __________are statements unique to a particular language which do not make sense when literally translated. | idioms |
| The set of rules for arranging the words and symbols of a language is known as? | syntax |
| According to the text, archeologists and linguists believe fully grammatical language likely | began less than 200,00 years ago. |
| Which of the following statements best captures the theories of psychologists and anthropologists regarding the development of language? | The human brain and language co-evolved. |
| Which of the following statements about "cooing" is true? | Cooing is culturally universal—the cooing of infants from around the world sounds about the same. |
| Human babies | can perceive more sounds than adults, can make more sounds than adults, eventually lose their ability to perceive and make sounds that are not represented in the languages to which they are exposed. |
| Which words are children from around the world likely to learn the first? | The words at the end of the sentence |
| Which response correctly identifies the approximate age of development of one-word utterances, two-word utterances, and the sentence phase respectively? | 1 year, 1.5 years, 2.5-3 years |
| Which of the following statements about the "critical period" for language development is true? | Severe neglect and lack of exposure to language during the critical period causes permanent problems in language development. |
| An adult who is engaged in child-directed speech is likely to | speak in a higher tone of voice, vary vocal volume, use simple sentence structure. |
| Which language acquisition model proposes that we are born with a language acquisition device (LAD)? | nativist theory |
| Which of the following statements about the ability of animals to learn human language is correct? | The language abilities of the most accomplished chimp linguists are roughly equivalent to that of a human toddler |
| According to the linguistic determinism hypothesis, | language determines our way of thinking about the world |
| Before performing a dive, Latisha closes her eyes and sees herself springing from the board, gracefully rotating and twisting, and entering the water without a splash. Latisha is using __________ in an attempt to improve her performance. | visual Imagery |
| Which of the following is true of mental rotation tasks? | Performance on these tasks if positively correlated with testosterone levels. |
| A platypus, which is a mammal that lays eggs and has a duck-like bill, is a poor __________ for the mammal __________. | prototype; category |
| Little Phil brings his pet to show and tell and explains that his pet, Betty, is a ball python, which is a kind of snake, which is a reptile, which is a kind of animal. Little Phil has just used a __________ to tell the class about his pet. | concept hierarchy |
| While __________ is responsible for speech production, __________ is responsible for speech comprehension | Broca's area; Wernicke's area |
| According to the __________ model, associations between concepts activate many networks or nodes at the same time. | parallel distributive processing |
| Mc'Lovin has a general theory that all women like him. Based on this theory, he reasons Malinda will say yes when he asks her out. Mc'Lovin is engaged in | the availability heuristic |
| "I have never seen or read about a bird without feathers, so therefore, they must not exist." This statement is an example of __________ reasoning. | inductive |
| Mental structures, such as ideas or images which stand for something else, are referred to as | concepts |
| Doug studied hard for his multiple-choice psychology exam but did not perform well. In order to determine what went wrong, he got a copy of the exam and reviewed it carefully. He analyzed why he chose each incorrect answer, and carefully determined where | metacognitive thinking. |
| __________ are mental shortcuts we use to make complicated decisions | Heuristics |
| When asked to guess the number of Americans killed each year by murder, Emmanuel greatly overestimates. Emmanuel is absolutely amazed the murder rate is so low—"It seems like I hear about another one every day on the news!" It appears Emmanuel's use of th | availability heuristic |
| Which of the following statements about learning a second language is true? | Elderly speakers of two languages tend to develop dementia later than those who speak only one language,People who learn a second language early in life process both languages in roughly the same brain area, Bilingualism appears to enhance cognitive proce |
| Sternberg defines_______ intelligence as "the use of an integrated set of abilities needed to attain success in life, however an individual defines it, within his or her sociocultural context." | successful |
| According to Gardner, an individual who is skilled in identifying, classifying, and understanding plants and animals would be high in_____ intelligence. | naturalistic |
| ________age is the equivalent chronological age a child has reached based on his or her performance on an IQ test. | Mental |
| If a test does a good job of measuring the concept it is supposed to be measuring, the test has good________ validity. | construct |
| _____validity is the extent to which test scores forecast real-world outcomes. | Predictive |
| To meet criteria for mental retardation, the deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning must start before age______ . | eighteen |
| _________behavior is an important criterion considered in the diagnosis of mental retardation, and pertains to how well a person is able to adjust and cope with everyday life. | Adaptive |
| A(n)_________ is a young person of at least average intelligence who is extremely gifted and precocious in one area of achievement. | prodigy |
| A(n)________ is a formula which guarantees the correct solution to a particular problem. | algorithm |
| One barrier to successful problem solving is__________ , which refers to our inability to break out of a particular mindset in order to think about a problem from a new perspective. | fixation |
| The ability to produce many ideas is known as__________ __________ and is central to creative thought | ideational fluency |
| According to your text, the definition of_____ includes high intelligence combined with creative accomplishments which have a tremendous impact. | genius |
| According to your text, the most agreed upon definition of intelligence is | a set of cognitive skills that include abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge. |
| In Spearman's g-factor intelligence theory, the "g" stands for | general |
| The __________ differs with the g-factor intelligence theory in that it proposes the different aspects of intelligence are distinct factors and cannot be summarized by a single score. | multiple factor theory of intelligence |
| While __________ intelligence is dependent on past experience, __________ intelligence involves abstract reasoning applied to problems an individual has never encountered before. | crystallized; fluid |
| According to the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model of intelligence, the three levels of intelligence are | general, broad, and narrow |
| According to the Cattell-Horn Carroll model of intelligence, narrow intelligence | is made up of about 70 distinct abilities |
| The three parts of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence are | analytic, creative, and practical. |
| Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner's 8 forms of distinct intelligence? | creative |
| A test which yields consistent results over multiple administrations to the same people can be said to be | reliable. |
| The two forms of validity defined in your text are | construct and predictive. |
| Scientists consider a test biased when | it does not predict outcomes equally well for all groups. |
| Test fairness pertains to | how test results are used. |
| The definition of mental retardation includes significant limitations in intellectual functioning and | everyday adaptive behavior |
| __________ is associated with an abnormality of the 21st chromosome. Its symptoms include mental retardation | Down syndrome |
| Although other factors, such as adaptive ability, are now taken into account, the traditional cut off IQ score for mental retardation is | 70 |
| __________ is an extremely rare condition in which an individual with serious mental handicaps has spectacular ability in a narrow area. | Savant Syndrome |
| What is the role of nature and nurture in determining IQ? | Genetics play a slightly larger role (50%) than environment (40%) |
| The genetically-determined range within which a trait can fall is know as a | reaction range. |
| According to research, which is true of the relationship between birth order and intelligence? | First-born children have slightly higher IQs than second or third born children. |
| Which of the following statement about gender differences in intelligence is true? | On average, men and women are about equal in intelligence, There is more variability in men's intelligence scores than women's, Women tend to perform better than men in writing, reading comprehension, and perceptual speed. |
| In contrast to __________ thinking problems which have a single known solution, __________ thinking problems have many possible solutions. | convergent; divergent |
| The tendency to continue to use problem-solving strategies that have worked in the past rather than attempt to find more effective solutions is known as | mental set. |
| According to your text, the idea for Velcro came suddenly to its inventor. Solutions to problems which arrive as sudden insights have been labeled | eureka solutions. |
| __________ refers to our tendency to be blind to alternate uses of everyday things, which can impair our ability to solve problems. | functional fixedness |
| Creative thinking involves both originality and | usefulness. |
| According to research conducted by your text's first author, the most pronounced personality trait of creative artists and scientists is | openness to experience. |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the four stages of creative problem solving? preparation, incubation, insight, and elaboration-verification | rumination |
Created by:
zuzelbarrera