Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P Deane 2
Articulation & Respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Articulation | The process of bringing the mobile and immobile articulators into contact for the purpose of shaping the sounds of speech. |
| Define Vocal Tract | The Vocal Tract includes the oral cavity, the pharynx, and the nasal cavity. |
| Source Filter Theory | speech is the product of sending an acoustic source, such as the sound produced by vocal folds, through the filter of the vocal tract, which shapes the output. |
| Resonant Frequency of a cavity | the frequency of sound to which the cavity most effectively responds. The resonant frequency is determined by the cavity's volume and length. |
| The ever-changing speech signal is the product of ______. | moving articulators |
| The largest mobile articulator is the ____. | Tongue |
| The second largest mobile articulator is the ____. | lower jaw (mandible) |
| Name the mobile articulators | Tongue Mandible Velum (soft palate) Lips Cheeks Fauces Pharynx Larynx Hyoid Bone |
| Name the immobile articulators | Alveolar Ridge Hard Palate Teeth |
| What is the point of fusion of the 2 halves of the mandible? | The Symphysis Mente |
| Define Mental Foramen | The hole that the mental nerve V trigeminal passes through |
| Define the Angle of the Mandible | The Angle is the point at which the mandible bends |
| Define Ramus | The Ramus is the plate rising up from the mandible |
| Define Condylar Process | The Condylar Process is a landmark on the mandible. The head of the condylar process articulates with the skull, permitting rotation of the mandible. |
| Define Mandibular Foramen | The Mandibular Foramen houses the inferior alveolar nerve that provides sensory innervation for the teeth and gums. |
| The ____ supports the eye. | orbital process |
| The ____ of the maxilla bone articulates with the zygomatic bone. | zygomatic process |
| The ____ contains alveoli that hold teeth. | alveolar process |
| Palantine processes of the maxillae articulate at the _____. | intermaxillary suture |
| What does the the intermaxillary suture do? | This suture marks the point of a cleft of the hard palate. |
| What are the portions of the hard palate? | 3/4 of the hard palate: 2 palantine processes 1/4 of the hard palate: horizontal plate of the palantine bone |
| Define Incisive Foramen | The incisive foramen is in the anterior aspect of the hard palate. It is a conduit for the nasopalantine nerve serving the nasal mucosa. |
| What is the border of the premaxilla? | The border of the premaxilla follows the premaxillary suture forward from the incisive foramen to the alveolar process. |
| What bones make up the superior nasal surface? | nasal bones |
| Describe the inferior nasal conchae (turbinates) | small scroll-like bones on the lateral surface of the nasal cavity. |
| What does the nasal conchae articulate with? | maxilla palatine ethmoid bones |
| What is the dividing plate between the two nasal cavities? | vomer |
| zygomatic bone | cheekbone |
| zygomatic arch | zygomatic arch = temporal process of zygomatic bone + zygomatic process of temporal bone |
| The ____ separates the nasal and cranial cavities and provide the conduit for the olfactory nerves as they enter the cranial space. | cribriform plates |
| What does the sphenoid consist of? | corpus 3 processes: the greater wings of the sphenoid the lesser wings of the sphenoid pterygoid process |
| What is the indentation that holds the pituitary gland? | hypophyseal fossa |
| The _____ is where the frontal and parietal bones articulate. | coronal suture |
| The ____ form the upper middle portion of the braincase. | parietal bones |
| The ___ are joined at the sagittal suture. | parietal bones |
| The parietal bones join the occipital bones by means of the ____. | lambdoidal suture |
| The temporal bone articulates with the parietal bone by means of the _____. | squamosal suture |
| The ____ makes up the posterior braincase. | occipital bone |
| What bones does the occipital bone articulate with? | temporal parietal sphenoid |
| Describe Foramen Magnum | The foramen magnum provides the conduit for the spinal cord and beginning of the medulla oblongata. |
| the ____ mark the resting point for the first cervical vertebra. | condyles |
| What are the 4 segments of the temporal bone? | squamous tympanic mastoid petrous |
| The ____ is the conduit for sound energy into the middle ear. | auditory meatus |
| Air cells deep within the mastoid portion communicate with the ____. | tympanic antrum |
| The tympanic portion of the temporal bone includes the ____ and ____ walls of the external auditory meatus. | The tympanic portion of the temporal bone includes the anterior and inferior walls of the external auditory meatus. |
| The ____ protrudes beneath the external auditory meatus and medial to the mastoid process. | styloid process |
| The petrous portion includes the ____ and ____. | cochlea and semicircular canals. |
| The ____ is the point of origin of the fan-shaped temporalis muscle used for mastication(chewing). | temporal fossa |
| The VIII cranial nerve passes through the ____ on its way to the brainstem. | internal auditory meatus |
| The ____ provides the hard palate, point of attachment for the soft palate, alveolar ridge, upper dental arch, and dominant structures of the nasal cavities. | madible |
| The _____ provide the hard palate, point of attachment for the soft palate, alveolar ridge, upper dental arch, and dominant structures of the nasal cavities. | maxillae |
| The ____ articulates with the perpendicular plate of ethmoid and the cartilaginous septum to form the nasal septum. | midline vomer |
| The ____ articulates with the frontal bone and maxillae to form the cheekbone. | zygomatic bone |
| The ____ serves as the core of the skull and face. | ethmoid bone |
| The medial/mesial surface of the tooth | the surface closest to the midline point on the arch between central incisors. Mesinal is any tooth surface looking along the arch toward the midpoint |
| The distal surface of the tooth | the surface of the tooth most distant from midline point on arch between central incisors |
| The buccal surface of the tooth | surface of a tooth that could com in contact with the buccal wall (cheek). |
| The lingual surface of a tooth | the surface of a tooth that could come in contact with the tongue |
| The occlusal surface of the tooth | The contact surface between teeth of the upper and lower arches. The occlusal surface has the thickest enamel overlays because it receives the most abrasion |
| Intraosseous Eruption | eruption of teeth through the alveolar process eruption of dentition through the bone |
| clinical eruption | eruption of teeth through the gum occurs between 6 - 9 months |
| successional teeth | teeth that replace deciduous teeth |
| superadded teeth | teeth in the adult arch not present within the deciduous arch |
| supernumerary teeth | teeth in excess of the normal number for an arch |
| dental occlusion: overjet | normal projection of upper incisors beyond lower incisors |
| dental occlusion: overbite | normal overlap of upper incisors relative to lower incisors |
| dental occlusion: class I occlusal relationship | relationship between upper & lower teeth in which the first molar of the mandibular arch is one half tooth advanced of the maxillary molar |
| dental occlusion: class I malocclusion | occlusal relationship in which there is normal orientationof the molars but an abnormal orientation of the incisors |
| dental malocclusion: class II | relationship of upper and lower arches in which the first mandibular molars are retracted at least one tooth from the first maxillary molars |
| dental malocclusion: class III | relationship of upper and lower arches in which the first mandibular molar is advanced greater than one tooth beyond the first maxillary molar |
| dental occlusion: relative micrognathia | condition in which mandible is small in relation to the maxillae |
| Axial Orientation: Torsiversion | tooth rotated or twisted on its long axis |
| Axial Orientation: labioverted | tooth tilts twd the lips |
| Axial Orientation: linguaverted | tooth tilts twd the tongue |
| Axial Orientation: buccoversion | tooth tilts twd the cheek |
| Axial Orientation: distoverted | tooth tilts away from midline of dental arch |
| Axial Orientation: mesioverted | tooth tilts twd the midline of dental arch |
| Axial Orientation: infraverted | tooth is inadequately erupted |
| Axial Orientation: supraverted | tooth protrudes excessively into the oral cavity, causing inadequate occlusion of other dentition |
| Persistent Open Bite | Front teeth do not occlude because of excessive eruption of posterior teeth |
| Persistent Closed Bite | Posterior teeth do not occlude because of excessive eruption of anterior dentition |
| Name the 4 types of teeth | incisors, cuspids, bicuspids, and molars |
| The ____ is the visible 1/3 of the tooth. | crown |
| The ____ is the juncture of the crown and root. | neck |
| The surface of the crown is composed of the ____, an extremely hard surface. | dental enamel |
| The ____ is the ivory of the tooth. | dentin |
| What is the pulp of the tooth? | The heart of the tooth, where the nerve resides |
| The tooth is held in its socket by ____, a thin layer of bone. | cementum |
| define synostosis | the sutures of the skull become ossified |
| cuspid | canine; eyetooth, has a single point for tearing |
| Lateral to the cuspids are the 1st & 2nd _____, aka ______. | Bicuspids aka Premolars |
| Molars are designed to ____. | grind material |
| Define Deciduous Teeth | aka shedding teeth / milk teeth found in infants |
| amelogenesis imperfects | when enamel is extremely thin or missing from the surface of the tooth |
| effect of antibiotic tetracycline or fluoride on teeth | staining of the enamel |
| Tooth buds form when the developing mandible and maxillae are only ____ long | 1 mm |
| Each deciduous arch has ___ teeth, whereas the adult arch has ___ teeth. | kids: 10 adults: 16 |
| Clinical eruption of the deciduous arch begins between __ & __ months; the permanent arch emerges between __ & __ years. | deciduous arch: btwn 6 & 9 months permanent arch: btwn 6 & 9 years |
| Define Successional Teeth | Teeth in the mature dental arch that replace corresponding teeth of the deciduous arch |
| The 3rd molar and bicuspids erupt in addition to the original constellation, and are referred to as ____. | superadded |
| Occlusion aka | closing |
| Overjet | condition of normal dentition in which the upper incisors project beyond the lower incisors |
| Define Neutroclusion: | normal relationship between molars and dental arches aka Class I occlusion |
| Define Micrognathia | a condition in which the mandible is small in relation to the maxillae |
| Name the surfaces of the tooth | medial distal lingual buccal (labial) occlusal |
| Class I occlusion: ____ mandible Class II malocclusion: ___ mandible Class III malocclusion: ___ mandible | Class I: normal mandible Class II: retracted mandible Class III: protruded mandible |
| List aberrant orientations of the tooth in the alveolus: | 1. torsiversion 2. labioversion 3. linguaversion 4. distoversion 5. mesioversion |
| Bolus | a mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed |
| Oral Cavity | The oral cavity extends from the oral opening (mouth) in front to the faucial pillars in back. |
| ____ is the point of exit of sound for all orally emitted phonemes (all sounds except nasals) | The Oral Cavity |
| Rugae | The prominent ridges running laterally in your mouth |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| The ____ divides the hard palate into halves. | median raphe |
| The ____ marks the terminus of the velum. | uvula |
| Define velum | the movable muscle mass that separates the oral & nasal cavities separates the oropharynx and nasopharynx |
| Define Anterior and Posterior Pillars | prominent bands of tissue that mark the posterior margin of the oral cavity. |
| The ___ and ___ of the maxillae make up the lateral margins of the oral cavity. | teeth and alveolar ridge |
| How many muscles make up the orbicularis oris? What do they do? | 2 muscles, the upper orbicularis oris and the lower orbicularis oris. They act like a drawstring, pulling the lips together to make a labial seal |
| How many nerves innervate he orbicularis oris? | VII facial nerve |
| Which muscles insert into the corners of the mouth and retract the lips? | risorius muscle and buccinator muscle |
| What muscle depresses the lower lip? | depressor labii inferioris |
| Name the 3 muscles that elevate the upper lip: | 1. levator labii superioris 2. zygomatic minor 3. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi |
| Which muscle elevates and retracts the lips? | zygomatic major |
| Which muscle depreses the corner of the mouth? | depressor anguli oris |
| Which muscle pulls the corner of the mouth up and medially? | levator anguli oris |
| Describe the location of the pterygomandibular ligament | runs fromthe hamulus of the internal pterygoid plate of the sphenoid to the posterior mylohyoid line of the inner mandible |
| What is the function of the buccinator muscle? | to move food onto the grinding surfaces of the molars, and contraction of this muscle also constricts the oropharynx |
| Where does the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi arise from? | the frontal process of the maxilla |
| Where does the levator labii superioris arise from? | infraorbital margin of the maxilla |
| Where does the zygomatic minor arise from? | the zygomatic bone |
| levator anguli oris origin insertion function | hidden beneath the levator labii superioris; it draws the corner of the mouth up and medial |
| Where does the zygomatic major arise from? insertion point? function? | arises lateral to the zygomatic minor on the zygomatic bone inserts into the corner of the orbicularis oris retracts the angle of the mouth |
| depressor labii inferioris: origin? insertion? function? | origin: fromt he mandible at the oblique line insertion: lower lip function: pulls the lips down and out |
| depressor anguli oris: origin? insertion? function? | origin: lateral margins of the mandible on the oblique line insertion: orbicularis oris and upper lip function: compress the upper lip against the lower lip |
| mentalis muscle: origin? insertion? function? | origin: the region of the incisive fossa of the mandible insertion: skin of the chin function: wrinkle the chin and pull lower lip out |
| platysma: origin? insertion? function? | origin: fascia over the pectoralis major and deltoid insertion: corner of the mouth/ the region below the symphysis mente/& lower margin of mandible function: depresses the mandible |
| What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do? | move the tongue into the general region desired |
| What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do? | provide fine, graded control |
| What is the Median Fibrous Septum? | a longitudinal wall between the right and left halves of the tongue |
| what are the regions of the tongue? | dorsum - superior surface apex - tip palatine surface - surface in oral cavity pharyngeal surface - surface in the oropharynx |
| landmarks of the inferior surface of the tongue | vascular supply lingual frenulum (frenum) sublingual fold submandibular salivary glands |
| paired superior longitudinal muscles: function: insertion: | insert: lateral margins of the tongue and apex of one of the muscles contracts, it pulls the tongue to that side |
| inferior longitudinal muscle: origin? insertion? function? | origin: root of the tongue and corpus hyoid insertion: apex of tongue function: pulls the tip of the tongue downward and assists in retraction |
| transverse muscles of the tongue: origin insertion function | origin: median fibrous septum insertion: side of the tongue in the submucous tissue function: pulls the edges of the tongue toward midline (narrowing) |
| vertical muscles of the tongue: origin insertion function | origin: base of the tongue insertion: membranous cover function: flatten the tongue, pulling it to the floor of the mouth |
| genioglossus: origin insertion function | origin: symphysis insertion:tip and dorsum of tongue function: if ant. fibers retract, tongue retracts. if pos. fibers retract, tongue extends. if both contract, the middle of the tongue will be drawn to the floor. |
| function of hyoglossus | pulls the sides of the tongue down (in antagonism to the palatoglossus) |
| function of the styloglossus | draw the tongue back and up |
| function of chondroglossus muscle | depresses the tongue |
| function of palatoglossus | depresses the soft palate or elevates the back of the tongue |
| List the intrinsic muscles | transverse vertical inferior longitudinal superior longitudinal |
| List the extrinisc muscles | hyoglossus & chondroglossus (depress); genioglossus (retract, protrude, or depress tongue); styloglossus & palatoglossus to elevate pos. tongue |
| Which 3 muscle groups are required for mastication? | mandibular elevators, muscles of protrusion, and depressor muscles |
| Masseter | origin: lateral/inferior/medial zygomatic arch insertion: ramus of mandible function: elevate the mandible |
| temporalis muscle | origin:tempora fossa insertion:coronic process and ramus of mandible function: elevates mandible, draws it back if protruded |
| medial or internal pterygoid m. origin: insertion: function: | origin: medial pterygoid plate and lateral fossa of sphenoid insertion:mandibular ramus function:elevates the mandible |
| lateral, or external, pterygoid muscles origin: insertion: function: | origin:lateral pterygoid plate and greater wing of sphenoid insertion:pterygoid fovea function:protrudes the mandible |
| list the mandibular elevators | masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid m. |
| list the mandibular depressors | mylohyoid,genoihyoid, platysma |
| palatal aponeurosis | makes up the mid-front of the soft palate |
| what are the major muscle groups of the soft palate? | elevators, a tensor, and depressors |
| levator veli palatini origin: insertion: function: | the bulk of the soft palate origin:petrous portion of temporal bone and medial wall of eustachian tube cartilage insertion: palatal aponeurosis of the soft palate function: elevates and retracts the posterior velum |
| musculus uvulae origin: insertion: function: | origin: posterior nasal spines of palatine bones and palatal aponeurosis insertion: mucous membrane cover of velum function: shortens the soft palate (bunching) |
| tensor veli palatini origin: insertion: function: | origin: scaphoid fossa of sphenoid bone and lateral eustachian tube wall insertion: in a tendon function:stability for velum, dilator of the eustachian tube |
| palatoglossus m. | origin:anterolateral palatal aponeurosis insertion: sides of the posterior tongue function:elevates tongue or depresses soft palate |
| palatopharyngeus | origin: ant. fibers originate from ant. hard palate.; post. fibers from midline of soft palate pos. to fibers of levator veli palatini insertion: posterior thyroid cartilage function: narrowing the pharyngeal cavity and lowering the soft palate |
| superior pharyngeal constrictor | forms a tube originating at the pterygomandibular raphe, the mylohyoid line of mandible, and the sides of the tongue constricts the pharyngeal diameter |
| Passavant's pad | "the landing pad" for the soft palate made of muscle at the pos. pharyngeal wall |
| middle pharyngeal constrictor | origin: the horns of the hyoid bone insertion: median pharyngeal raphe function: narrows the diameter of the pharynx |
| inferior pharyngeal constrictor | origin: cricoid and thyroid cartilages function:reduces the diameter of the lower pharynx |
| stylopharyngeus | origin: styloid process of the temporal bone insertion: pharyngeal constrictors and pos. thyroid cartilage function: elevates and opens the pharynx |
| which muscle elevates the soft palate? | levator veli palatini |
| which muscle bunches the soft palate? | musculus uvulae |
| which muscle tenses and shortens the soft palate? | tensor veli alatini |
| which muscles depress the soft palate? | palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus |
| which muscle assists in gaining velopharyngeal closure? | superior pharyngeal constrictor |
| which muscles facilitate the peristaltic movement of food? | middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors |
| which muscle assists in the elevation of the pharynx | stylopharyngeus |
| define mastication | food preparation; moving unchewed food onto the grinding surface of the teeth, chewing, mixing food with saliva |
| define deglutition | swallowing |
| what are the four stages of deglutition / mastication | oral preparatory stage oral stage of swallow pharyngeal stage esophageal stage |
| describe the oral preparatory stage | food is introduced into the oral cavity; moved onto molars for chewing, and mixed with saliva to form a concise bolus btwn the tongue and hard palate |
| describe the oral stage | the bolus is moved back by pressure of movement of the tongue on the hard palate |
| describe the pharyngeal stage | begins when the bolus reaches the faucial pillars. the soft palate & larynx elevate, the vocal folds tightly adduct, the epiglottis depresses, the cricopharyngeal m. relaxes, lower esophageal sphincter opens |
| describe the esophageal stage | involves peristaltic movement of the bolus through the esophagus to the lower esophageal spincter |
| The Risorius is superficial to the ____. It runs from the corner of the mouth to the _____. | The Risouius is superficial to the buccinator. It runs from the corner of the mouth to the masseter |
| The ____ muscle is deep to the risorius and has a parallel course. It runs from the corner of the mouth to the _______ ligament. | The buccinator muscle is deep to the risorius and has a parallel course. It runs from the corner of the mouth to the pterygomandibular ligament. |
| Which muscles keep food on the molars during mastication? | the buccinator and resorius |
| A deep lip elevator is the ______. It is hidden beneath the levator labii superioris | A deep lip elevator anguli oris. It is hidden beneath the levator labii superioris |
| List the Mobile Articulators | tongue, mandible, velum, lips, and pharynx |
| List the Immobile Articulators | alveolar ridge, maxilla, hard palate, and teeth |
| Deglutition | Swallowing |
| Mastication | Food Preparation |
| During which stage does the front of the tongue elevate to the hard palate and squeeze the bolus back toward the faucial pillars? | Oral Stage |
| What are the primary biological functions of the articulators? | mastication and deglutition |
| During which stages does the soft palate elevate to close off the oropharynx from the nasopharynx? | Pharyngeal Stage |
| contract the genioglossus anterior | retract the tongue |
| Contract genioglossus posterior | protrude the tongue |
| contract the transverse muscle fibers of the tongue | narrow the tongue |
| contract the superior and inferior longitudinal muscles to one side | deviate the tongue tip to one side |
| contract the inferior longitudinal muscles of the tongue | depress tongue tip |
| contract superior longitudinal muscles | elevate tongue tip |
| During which stage does respiration stop? | pharyngeal stage |
| during which stage does food pass through the esophagus? | the esophageal stage |
| during which stage is food prepared for swallowing? | oral preparatory stage |
| the reflexes of which stage are triggered when the tongue and bolus reach the fauces? | the pharyngeal stage |
| chewing occurs in which stage? | oral preparatory |
Created by:
MPJ