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Adv Resistance T1a
anatomy, biomechanics and nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| To which of the following structures do the cross-bridges attach during muscle action? actin, myosin, m-bridge, sarcolemma | Actin |
| Which of the following substances regulates muscle actions? potassium, calcium troponin, tropomyosin | calcium |
| Which of the following substances acts at the neuromuscular junction to excite the muscle fibers of a motor unit? acetylcholine, ATP, creatine phosphate, serotonin | acetylcholine |
| Which of the following muscle fiber types is the MOST beneficial for a marathon runner? Type I, IIa, IIx, IIc | IIx |
| When throwing a baseball, an athletes arm is rapidly stretched prior to release. Which of the following struct detects and resp to strtch? GTO, muscle spindle, extrafusal muscle, pacinian corpuscle | muscle spindle |
| From which of the following is the hearts electrical impulse normally initiated? AV, SA node, brain, sympathetic nervous system | SA node |
| Which of the following occurs during the QRS complex of a typical ECG? I. depolarization of the atrium II. repol of atrium III. repo of ventricle IV depo of ventricle/ I & III, II&IV, I II & III, II,III | II |
| Which of the following is the ultimate source of energy for a muscular contraction? GTP, oxygen, NADH, ATP | ATP |
| Which of the following substances can be metabolized anaerobically? protein, carbohydrate, fat, glycerol | carbohydrate |
| The predominant energy system used during a training session depends primarily on the: session intensity, session duration, athlete's training status or athlete's lean body mass | session intensity |
| The production of lactic acid results from the activation of which of the following energy systems? phosphagen, slow glycolysis, fast glycolysis, fat oxidation | fast glycolysis |
| Which of the following energy systems has the highest rate of energy production? phosphagen, fast glycolysis, fat oxidation, carbohydrate oxidation | phosphagen |
| Approximately how many ATP are produced via the oxidative energy system from the deradiation of one glucose molecule? 27, 36, 38, 41 | 38 |
| Which of the following energy systems is predominantly active at the initiation of all exercise? oxidative, phosphagen, slow glycolysis, fast glycolysis | phosphagen |
| Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glycolysis? PFK, isocitrate dehydrogenase, phosphorylase, lactate dehyrogenase | PFK |
| After a bout of resistance training, acute hormonal secretions provide all the the following infromation to the body EXCEPT: amount of physiological stress, metabolic demands of exercise, type of physiological stress, energy expended | energy expended |
| Which of the following hormones enhance muscle tissue growth? I.Growth hormone II.Cortisol III.IGF-I IV.progesterone / I&III, II&IV, I II&III, II III | I |
| All of the following are functions of growth hormone EXCEPT: increase lipolysis, decrease collagen synthesis, increase amino acid transport, decrease glucose utilization | decrease collagen synthesis |
| Which of the following hormones has the greatest influence on neural changes? growth hormone, testosterone, cortisol, IGF | testosterone |
| Which of the following hormone levels is higher in women than in men at rest? cortisol, insulin, testosterone, growth hormone | growth hormone |
| What type of resistance training workout promones the highest growth hormone increases following the exercise session? (rest/volume/sets) 30s/high/3 30s/high/1 3m/high/1 3m/low/3 | 30s/high/3 |
| Which of the following discribes the knee joint? cartilaginous, synovial, ball-and-socket, pivot | synovial |
| Which of the following is the definition of power? mass*acceleration, force*distance, force*velocity, torque*time | force*velocity |
| To compare performances of olympic weight-lifters of different body weights, the classic formula divides the load lifted by the athlete's: body weight, body weight squared, lean body weight, body weight to the two-thirds power | body weight to the two-thirds power |
| During a free weight exercise, muscle force varies with which of the following: I.perpendicular distance from the weight to the body joint II.joint angle III.movement acceleration IV.movement velocity squared / I&III, II&IV, I II&III, II III | I |
| A verticle jump involves knee, hip and shoulder movement primarily in which of the following anatomical planes? sagittal, perpendicular, frontal, transverse | sagittal |
| An athlete is performing a concentric isokinetic elbow flexion and extension exercise. Which of the following types of levers occur at the elbow during this exercise? 1st only, 2nd only, 1st&3rd, 2nd&3rd | 1st&3rd |
| Which of the following muscle fiber types has the greatest potential to, when trained in a specific way, CHANGE into a more aerobic or oxidative form? IIa, IIx, IIc | IIx |
| A weightlifter adds 30m of intense bicycle every other day to her resistance training program, Which of the following describes the GREATEST effect to her performance? power gains compromised, pwr gains enhanced, aerobic cap imp compromised, aero enhanced | power gains compromised |
| A 50yr old female triathelete is concerted about osteoporosis. Which of the following exercises is the MOST beneficial for improving her bone mineral density? front squat, leg extension, bench press, lat pulldown | front squat |
| Which of the following muscle fiber types are "bypassed" as a result of seletive recruitment that allows an Olympic weightlifter to generate maximum power during a 1RM snatch? I, IIa, IIx, IIc | I |
| Which of the following are the MOST effective stimulants of growth hormone production from a resistance training workout? I.LG muscle mass exercises II.SM muscle mass exercises III.high intensity and volume IV.low inten and VL/ I&II, I&IV, II&III, II | I |
| The INITIAL decrease in muscular strength caused by detraining is due to undesired changes in which of the following systems? cardio, connective, muscular, nervous | nervous |
| Cross-country runner has been training aerobically for 6mth for the upcoming season. Which of the following adaptations will occur in the muscles during that time? increase glycolyic enzymes, hyperplasia of II, transformation of I to II, hypertrophy of I | hypertrophy of type I fibers |
| The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each beat is the: cardiac output, a-vO2 difference, heart rate, stroke volume | stroke volume |
| All of the following normally increase during an aerobic exercise session EXCEPT: end-diastolic volume, cardiac contractility, cardiac output, diastolic blood pressure | diastolic blood pressure |
| The mean arterial pressure is defined as: average bp throughout the cardiac cycle, average of the systolic and diastolic bps, average systolic bp during exercise, average bp and heart rate | average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle |
| Primary training adaptations of elite aerobically trained athletes include which of the following? I.increased max O2 II. dec blood lactate III.inc running economy IV.decreased capillary density / I&III, II&IV, I II&III, II III | I, II and III |
| Which of the following is an early adaptation of acclimatizing to high altitude? decrease tidal vl, decreased respiration rate, increased resting cardiac output, increased stroke vl | increased resting cardiac output |
| When males and females are compared relative to muscle cross-sectional area, it appears that the potential for force production is: greater in males, greater in females, equal, dependent of body weight | equal |
| Which of the following is the MOST significant adaptation to chronic resistance training for an older adult? increased cardio, improved lipid profile, increased muscle mass, improved flexibility | increased muscle mass |
| 8yr old boy increased upper body strength after following a 6m resistance trainign program. Which of the followin is MOST likely responsible? increase # of muscle fibers, enhance cross-sectional area, greater muscle density, improved neuromuscular funct | greater muscle density |
| Growth cartilage in children is located in all the the following EXCEPT: diaphysis, epiphyseal plate, joint surface, apophyseal insertion | diaphysis |
| All of the following are likely outcomes of preadolescent resistance training EXCEPT increased: resistance to injury, strength, hypertrophy, bone density | hypertrophy |
| The condition characterized by a bone mineral density more than 2.5 SD below the young adult mean is called: sarcopenia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, scoliosis | osteoporosis |
| Which of the following should be evaluated FIRST when designing a training program for a 68yr-old competative female tennis player? cardiovascular fitness, lower body strength, balance and agility, medical history | medical history |
| Decondition female college athletes who participate in sports such as basketball and soccer appear to be at increased risk for developing injuries to the: back, knee, wrist, neck | knee |
| Athlete has been awarded two free throw shots. He is apprehensive about the outcome of the game. Which of the following best describes the situation? he cannot make the shot, having state anxiety, in control of arousal, anxiety improves performance | he is experiencing a state of anxiety |
| Weightlifter attempting a personal record is able to ignore the audience to concentrate of performance. Which of the following abilities is this athlete most likely using? selective attention, somatic anxiety, successive approximation, dissociation | selective attention |
| Prior to performing the long jump, an athlete reviews and concentrates on the technique required to jump. Which of the following strategies is the athlete using? focus on task-relevant cues, reliance on experience, association, trait anxiety | focus on task-relevant cues |
| Which of the following is the MOST important to achieve the ideal performance state? fear of failure, analyzing performance, broad focus on the activity and the environment, personal control | personal control |
| An athlete's desire to perform to his or her potential is an example of: the motive to avoid failure, dissociation, intrinsic motivation, achievement motivation | intrinsic motivation |
| For a high school American football team, if any player squats 2x body weight, his name is placed on the wall. This is an example of: negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, - punishment, + punishment | Positive reinforcement |
| How does an athlete's opitimal level of arousal change with limited skill and ability to perform the activity? increases, decreases, no effect, not related to activity | decreases |
| All of the following are ingredients that qualify as dietary supplements in the US EXCEPT: EAAs, vitamin C, milk, iodine | milk |
| All of the following describe caffeine's role in improving athletic performance EXCEPT: increased power production, decreased glycogen depletion, increased fat oxidation, decreased urine production | decreased urine production |
| Which of the following are the MOST closely linked in a logarithmic relationship? intake of anabolic steriods, intake of adrostenedione, increase in lean body mass, increase in edogenous and androgen production | intake of anabolic steriods & increase in lean body mass |
| Which of the following substances has been shown by multiple research studies to improve strength performance? androstenedione, creatine, L-carnitine, chromium | creatine |
| Which is the BEST reason for aerobic endurance athletes to avoid erthropoietin use? Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels may decrease, may cause unregualted increase in RBC, Resistance to infectious disease impaired, may reduce ability of blood to carry O2 | may cause unregulated increase in RBC production |
| Which of the following proteins has an amino acid profile MOST similar to the body's needs? soy, egg, wheat, rice | egg |
| Which of the following BEST explains the requirement for increased protein intake by athletes? decreased protein oxidation during aerobic exercise, increased need for tissue repair, restriction of calories to lose weight, the quality of protein consumed | increased need for tissue repair |
| Which of the following has the GREATEST influence on an athlete's dietary carbohydrate requirement? current average daily fat intake, body size and body fat percentage, type duration and frequency of exercise, resting blood sugar levels | current average daily fat intake |
| Which of the following best describes dietary fat consumption? it should be less than 15% of total calories for healthy athletes, it should never be higher than 40% of total calories, its restriction can be harmful, it is not an essential nutrient | its restriction can be harmful |
| Which of the following is characteristic of anorexia nervosa? normal body weight, very low dietary fat intake, preoccupation with food, secretive eating | preoccupation with food |
| When an eating disorder is suspected, the strength and conditioning professional should: monitor the athlete's daily food intake, require frequent weigh-ins, encourage further assessment by an eating disorder specialist, provide nutritional information | encourage further assessment by an eating disorder specialist |
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503102905