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Mrs. Mettlach-poetry
Romantics poetry unit (St. Norbert College Credit English)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| figures of speech | saying one thing in terms of something else |
| simile | makes an explicit comparison between two things by using the words like, as, than, appears, and seems |
| the butter was as yellow as the sun | simile |
| metaphor | makes an implicit comparison without like or as |
| the rain came down in long kintting needles | metaphor |
| implied metaphor | not explicitly identifying the 2 things being compared |
| extended metaphor | using the metaphor for the whole or significant part of the work |
| controlling metaphor | using metaphors to represent a deeper idea in the work |
| personification | attributing human characteristics to nonhuman things |
| the flowers danced in the breeze | personification |
| pun | a play on words that relies on a word having more than one meaning or sounding like another word |
| I wondered why the baseball was getting closer and then it hit me | pun |
| cliche | a phrase, expression, or idea that has been over used to the point of losing its original (intended) meaning |
| curiosity killed the cat | cliche |
| synecdoche | figure of speech in which part of something is used to signify the whole, or vice versa |
| xavier won the football game; lend me your ears | synecdoche |
| metonymy | something closely associated with a subject is substituted for it |
| the White House issued a statement | metonymy (we hope the ppl issued the statement) |
| apostrophe | addressing someone who is absent or something that is non-human |
| hellow nervousness, I see you are here again today | apostrophe |
| overstatement/hyperbole | adds emphasis without intending to be literally true |
| I waited in line for centuries | overstatement/hyperbole |
| understatement | says less than intended |
| double helix has novel potential | understatement |
| paradox | statement that initially appears to be self-contradictory but that, on closer inspection, turns out to make sense |
| freedom is slavery | paradox |
| the sun was so hot, I froze | paradox |
| I want to make it big on Broadway | metonymy |
| oxymoron | condensed form of paradox, two contradictory words used together |
| jumbo shrimp | oxymoron |
| diction | word choice; must convey meaning both gracefully and economically |
| formal diction | similar to poetic diction; a dignified, impersonal & elevated use of language; not casual or relaxed; uses words that are rare in everyday language |
| middle diction | language used in conversation by most educated people |
| informal diction | things are presented colloquially (in a conversational manner) |
| dialect | a variation of a language spoken by a group of people |
| jargon | a category of language defined by a trade or profession (ex. lumbar (doctor), lumber (construction)) |
| denotations | the literal, dictionary meanings of a word |
| connotations | associations and implications that go beyond a word's literal meanings; public meaning; derive from how the word has been used & the associations people make w/ it & people's personal experiences |
| persona | a speaker created by the poet |
| ambiguity | this allows for 2 or more simulaneous interpretations of a word or phrase |
| "from my mother's sleep I fell into a state (a state of mind, or the government) dramatic monologue | ambiguity |
| syntax | word order; arrangement of words into phrases, clauses & sentences to achieve particular effects |
| "his notice sudden is" (verb unexpectedly at the end of the phrase) | syntax |
| tone | writer's attitude toward the subject, the mood created by all the elements in the poem |
| dramatic monologue | a poem in which the speaker addresses a silent audience in such a way as to reveal unintentionally some aspect of his or her personality |
| perspective | view or mental outlook portrayed in writing; who is the author? who is the audience? |
| carpe diem | Latin for "seize the day" |
| allusion | brief reference to a person, place, thing, event, or idea in history or literature (ex. think Kernan's satire essay) |
| poetic diction | using different words and speech style in your poem than in everyday language |
| the boy enjoyed the swim. (now becomes) the boy disported with pliant arm o'er a glassy wave | poetic diction |
| "you could be sitting now in a carrel/Turning over some liver-spottd page./Or rising in an elevator-cage/Toward Ladies' Apparel." | middle/neutral diction |
| colloquially | in a conversational manner that can include slang expressions not used at the culture at large |
| "When getting my nose in a book/Cured most things short of school,/It was worth ruining my eyes/To know I could still keep cool,/And deal out the old right hook/To dirty dogs twice my size." | informal diction |
| dialect | a variation of a language spoken by a group of people |
| word order | arrangement of words into meaningful verbal patterns ex. "his notice sudden is" |
| images | a language that addresses the senses (ex. sight, taste, hearing, smell) ex. "smell the cheese" |
| vivid discriptions (ex. color, texture); used for making pictures, enhancing the experience, and creating an emotion or mood | images |
| irony | a literary technique that reveals a discrepancy between what appears to be real and what actually is real (describes opposites) |
| situational irony | something happens that is completely different from what was expected to happen |
| you drink a potion to regain health only to find that it was actually a vial of poison | situational irony |
| verbal irony | saying something different from what is expected (sarcasm, overstatement/hyperbole, understatement) |
| "you're a terrible human being!" said to a charity worker | verbal irony |
| satire | the literary art of ridiculing a folly or vice in an effort to expose or correct it |
| 1984, The Great Gatsby, and Pride & Prejudice are examples of this | satire |
| dramatic irony | a situation where the writer allows the reader to know more than the character |
| Romeo and Juliet is an example of | dramatic irony (we know Juliet is sleeping, but Romeo doesn't) |
| cosmic irony | when a writer uses God, destiny, or fate to dash the hopes and expectations of a character or humankind in general |
| Oedipus is an example of | cosmic irony |
| the earliest poetry was chanted or | sung |
| 2 purposes of rhythmic quality of oral performances | remember the lines & entertained audiences with patterned sounds |
| lyric poetry evolved from songs | these songs were part of an anonymous oral folk tradition |
| onomatopoeia | use of a word that resembles the sound it denotes; can consist of more tan single words (ex. click with a snicker, knuckle the keys) |
| quack, buzz, rattle, bang, squeak, bowwow, burp, choo-choo, ding-a-ling, sizzle | onomatopoeia |
| alliteration | repetition of the same consonant sounds at the beginnings of nearby words; also used to describe the consonant sounds within words |
| descending dewdrops; luscious lemons; trespasser's reproach, wedded lady | alliteration |
| tounge twisters | alliteration |
| assonance | repetition of the same vowel sound in nearby words |
| asleep under a tree; time and tide; the boat moaned | assonance |
| euphony | lines that are musically pleasant to the ear and smooth |
| "a bird came down the walk" | euphony |
| cacophony | lines that are discordant and difficult to pronounce; used to make a reader slow down |
| "never my numb plunker fumbles" | cacophony |
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