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geo quiz 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In 1980, ________ was the first Cascade Range volcano to erupt since Mt. Lassen in 1915-16. | Mt. St. Helens |
| Which type of basaltic lava flow has a fairly smooth, unfragmented, ropy surface? | pahoehoe |
| ________ is a major dissolved volatile constituent in both magmas and volcanic gases. | Water |
| Volcanic bombs originate ________. | as erupted magma blobs that partly congeal before falling to the ground |
| ________ magma is the most abundant type erupted at oceanic spreading centers. | Basaltic |
| The 1991 Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines caused brilliantly colored sunrises and sunsets to be seen for the next few years. What caused this phenomenon? | Sulfur dioxide and other erupted gases formed aerosols in the stratosphere. |
| The ________ ocean basin is rimmed by the most subduction zones. | Pacific |
| Which of the following factors help determine whether a volcanic eruption will be violent or relatively quiescent? | All of these ( amount of dissolved gas in the magma, temperature of the magma, composition of the magma) |
| Which of the following is associated with deep mantle hot spots? | the volcanoes of Hawaii and Quaternary activity in Yellowstone National Park |
| Cinder cones ________. | All of these (have very steep slopes, are usually less than 300 meters high, consist largely of pyroclastics) |
| The most violent volcanic activity is associated with ________. | composite cones |
| The Columbia Plateau in the northwestern United States is an excellent example of ________. | flood basalts |
| Kilauea is an example of a ________. | shield volcano |
| ________ are usually the most abundant gases emitted during basaltic volcanism. | water and carbon dioxide |
| Paricutin is an example of a ________. | cinder cone |
| Mount Pelée on Martinique is an example of a ________. | composite volcano |
| Massive, gently sloping volcanoes built of successive, basaltic lava flows | shield volcanoes |
| Large, fairly steep-sided cones composed of lavas and pyroclastic layers | composite/stratovolcanoes |
| Small basaltic cones built during one short, eruptive episode | cinder cones |
| The volcanoes of southwestern Alaska and the Aleutian Islands | composite/stratovolcanoes |
| The big volcanoes of Hawaii | shield volcanoes |
| Which statement about the May, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens is FALSE? | During the eruptive period, the mountain peak was substantially built up by new lava flows and pyroclastic debris. |
| ________ tend to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano. | High viscosity and dissolved gas |
| Which type of basaltic lava flow has its surface covered with sharp-edged, angular blocks and rubble? | aa |
| Which one of the following statements concerning volcanic blocks and bombs is TRUE? | Bombs are ejected as magma lumps; blocks are ejected as solid fragments. |
| ________ destroyed the city of St. Pierre, Martinique, in 1902 | A nueé ardente |
| Which one of the following statements concerning cinder cones is FALSE? | The cinders and other pyroclastic particles are consolidated into welded tuff. |
| Spreading center volcanism most generally produces rocks that are ________. | basaltic in composition |
| Which kind of eruptive activity is most likely to be highly explosive? | eruptions of big, continental margin, composite cones or stratovolcanoes |
| Magma tends to rise toward Earth's surface principally because ________. | rocks become less dense when they melt |
| Which kind of volcanism is typical of mid-oceanic ridge systems? | submarine; basaltic lava flows |
| Kilauea and Mauna Loa are ________. | basaltic shield volcanoes |
| Mount St. Helens is ________. | an explosive stratovolcano |
| The 1943 eruption of Paricutin in Mexico was characterized by ________. | cinder cone building and basaltic lava |
| The average composition of rocks comprising a large composite cone or stratovolcano is similar to a(n) ________ magma. | andesitic |
| A ________ volcano is a very large, gently sloping mound composed mainly of basaltic lava flows. | shield |
| Which of the following best describes Shiprock, a famous volcanic feature in New Mexico? | the eroded remains of a volcanic pipe and radiating dikes |
| Which region has the greatest concentration of currently active volcanoes? | the circum-Pacific area |
| The recent (geologically) volcanic activity in Yellowstone National Park is ________. | related to intraplate, hot spot volcanism |
| The Icelandic volcanoes are related to plate tectonics because ________. | they lie on a spreading center where two plates are moving apart |
| Which one of the following best describes volcanism in the Cascade Range, northwestern United States? | related to plate subduction |
| Which of the following statements best describes the big Hawaiian volcanoes? | are situated in the interior of a large, Pacific plate above a hot spot deep in the mantle |
| Which of the following is NOT considered pyroclastic debris? | pahoehoe |
| What volcanic events formed Crater Lake, Oregon? When did they take place? | Caldera collapse followed major ash and pyroclastic-flow eruptions 6000 years ago. |
| Which one of the following shows the correct order (left to right) of decreasing magma viscosity? | rhyolite, andesite, basalt |
| The largest igneous intrusive body is called a ________. | batholith |
| What is the largest known volcano in the Solar System? | Olympus Mons, Mars |
| A ________ is the largest discordant body of intrusive, igneous rock. | batholith |
| A ________ is an intrusive, igneous rock body that is tabular and concordant. | sill |
| A ________ is a near surface, intrusive igneous rock body that results from local inflation of a horizontal sill. | laccolith |
| Which of the following best describes the bedrock in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California? | granite; batholiths |
| Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the ________. | Ring of Fire |
| Dissolved gases may comprise up to a few percent by weight of a magma. | T |
| Ash and lapilli are different sized pyroclastic particles. | T |
| The viscosities of magmas increase with increasing percentages of silica. | T |
| The eruptions of the Hawaiian volcanoes may be described as explosive in comparison to the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption. | F |
| Powerful, explosive, volcanic eruptions can result in climatic cooling for millions of years following the eruption. | F |
| Magma generation at depth almost always involves partial melting, not complete melting of the source rock. | T |
| The active Hawaiian volcanoes are situated directly above a major boundary between two of the Earth's largest tectonic plates. | F |
| Most basaltic magmas are believed to form by partial melting of granite in the lower crust and upper mantle. | F |
| Basaltic lavas are generally hotter and more viscous than andesite lavas. | F |
| Small amounts of water can lower partial melting temperatures in silicate rocks. | T |
| Repeated eruptions of relatively fluid lava from fissures can eventually cause an area to be covered by flood basalts. | T |
| In general, cinder cones are much larger than shield volcanoes. | F |
| Crater Lake in Oregon actually occupies a caldera, not a crater. | T |
| Vents that emit only heated volcanic gases and water are called fumaroles. | T |
| Aa flows are generally thinner and have smoother surfaces than pahoehoe flows. | F |
| Basalt is the most common magma erupted along oceanic rift systems. | T |
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yphan