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Urinary System Ch 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the parts of the urinary system | 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, bladder, urethra |
| these remove waste products from blood | kidneys |
| theyse maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, secrete substances that affect B.P | kidneys |
| how much urine kidneys excrete per day | 1-2 liters |
| this system expells the urine from the body | excretory system |
| what the excretory system consists of | pelvicaliceal system, 2 ureters, bladder, urethra |
| renal calyces and renal pelvis are known as this system | pelvicaliceal system |
| these are ductless endocrine glands and have no functional relationship with the urinary system | adrenal glands |
| this is secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands | epinephrine |
| this is secreted by the cortex of the adrenal glands | cortical hormones |
| these are bean shaped bodies, which border is convex? | kidneys, lateral border |
| what are the dimensions of the kidneys? | 4 1/2" long, 2-3" wide, 1 1/4" thick |
| which kidney is longer and narrower? | left |
| which kidney is lower | right |
| how much is each obliqued? | 30 degrees |
| when the body is obliqued which position is the lower kidney in? | perpindicular |
| where do the kidneys extend from on the vertebral column? | T12-L3 |
| what is the name of the mass of fatty tissue that surrounds the kidneys | adipose capsule |
| how much respiratory movement of the kidneys | 1" |
| how much do the kidneys move when upright | 2" |
| the longitudinal slit on the concave medial border for transmission of blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and ureter | hilum |
| the expanded portion of the hilum in the body of the kidney | renal sinus |
| composed of collecting tubules and renal pyramids | renal medulla |
| outer layer of the kidney | renal cortex |
| the key components of the kidney | nephrons |
| how many nephrons do each kidney contain? | 1 million |
| the arteriole that enters the nephron | afferent |
| the arteriole that exits the nephron | efferent |
| another name for the glomerulus | bowmans capsule |
| the descending and ascending loops are also known as | loop of henle |
| cup shaped stems | calyces |
| what we see radiographically in the kidney | minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis |
| how many and how long are ureters? | 2, 10-12" long |
| where do the ureters enter the bladder? | the level of the ischial spine |
| what do the ureters do? | convey urine from renal pelvis to the bladder |
| a musculomembranous sac that serves as a resoviour for urine | urinary bladder |
| the anterosuperior aspect of the bladder | apex |
| where the bladder is in the male | directly anterior to the rectum |
| where the bladder is in the female | anterior to vaginal canal |
| where the neck of the bladder rests in the male | on the prostate |
| where the neck of the bladder rests in the female | on the pelvic diaphragm |
| what hold the bladder in place | folds of peritoneum |
| how much the adult bladder holds | 500mL |
| how much does the bladder hold when the desire for micturition occurs | 250 mL |
| how far apart are the openings for ureters | 1" when empty, 2" when full |
| the triangular area between the three orifices | trigone |
| what is seen in the bladder when empty | rugae |
| this conveys urine out of the body, it is narrow, musculomembranous tube with a sphincter type muscle at the neck of the bladder | urethra |
| how long is the urethra in females | 1 1/2" |
| how long is the urethra in males | 7-8" |
| what are the three portions of the male urethra | prostatic, membranous, spongy |
| this is part of the urinary and reproductive system in the male | urethra |
| a small glandular body surrounding the proximal part of the male urethra and situated just posterior to the inferior portion of the pubic symphysis | prostate |
| how long is the prostate | 1" |
| this secretes a milky fluid that combines with semen from seminal vesicles and vas deferens | prostate |
| why are contrast studies done for the urinary system | deliniation and differentation of cysts, masses, renal parenchyma |
| the general term for radiology of renal drainage or collecting system | urography |
| when contrast medium enters the kidney in normal direction of blood flow | antegrade filling |
| radiographic demonstration of the renal pelves and calyces | pyelography |
| this demonstrates structure, not function, the contrast is introduced against the normal flow by means of catheterization | retrograde filling |
| retrodrade technique is done to see: | bladder, lower ureters, and urethra |
| bladder radiography | cystography |
| lower ureters radiography | cystoureterography |
| urethral radiography | cystourethrography |
| what are the names of the contrast media used for retrograde urography | omnipaque, isoview |
| what percentage of salts are used in retrograde urography? | 30% |
| this demonstrates both function and structure of the urinary system | IVU |
| calculi or stones of the kidneys or urinary tract | urolithiasis |
| infection of the upper urinary tract, acute or chronic | pyelnephritis |
| abnormal dilation of pelvicaliceal system | hydronephrosis |
| contraindications for IVU | inability of kidneys to filter contrast from blood, allergy |
| what is the normal creatine level for IVU | .6 - 1.5 mg/dL |
| what is the normal BUN (blood urea nitrogen) level for IVU | 8-25 mg/100mL |
| how much contrast does one bottle hold | 50 mL |
| when is the greatest concentration of contrast in the kidneys? | 15-20 min after inj. |
| these are the nephrons and collecting tubes of the kidneys | renal parenchyma |
| radiography performed to evaluate renal hypertension, delineating renal cysts and renal tumors | nephrotomography |
| this is done for the investigation of renal masses, contrast is directly injected into the cyst under flouroscopic control | percutaneous renal puncture |
| this is restricted to the investigation of pts with marked hydronephrosis, where information was not obtained by excratory or retrograde urography, the renal pelvis is entered percutaneously for direct contrast filling of the pelvicaliceal system | percutaneous antegrade pyelography |
| this only shows structure, not function. indicated for evaluation of the collecting system in pts who have renal insufficiency or are allergic to contrast media | retrograde urography |
| why radiography is done on lower ureters, urethra, bladder and prostate | to show reflux, recurrent lower urinary tract infections, neurogenic bladder, bladder trauma, fistula, stricture |
| how long is the female urethra | 3.5 cm |
| this med is given for allergic reaction | benadryl |
| this med is given for mild to moderate pain | demorol |
| this med is given for severe pain | morphine |
| this med is given for nausea | phenegran |
| this med is given for anxiety | valium |
| this med is given for pre op sedation | versed |
| what are the 3 parts of a syringe | tip, barrel, plunger |
| what are the 3 parts of a needle | hub, cannula, bevel |
| how should the needle be inserted | bevel up |
| a process whereby a fluid passes into the tissue instead of the vein | infiltration, extravasation |
| what are the 5 rights of medication admin. | right patient, right med (check 3 times), right route, right ammount, right time |
| two renal pelvi and or ureters form the same kidney | duplicate collecting system |
| fusion of the kidneys, usually at the lower poles | horseshoe kidney |
| kidney that fails to ascend and remains in the pelvis | pelvic kidney |
| inflammation of the bladder | cystitis |
| distension of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine | hydronephrosis |
| massive enlargement of the kidney with the formation of many cysts | polycystic kidney |
| inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis | pyelonephrosis |
| increased blood pressure to the kidneys | renal hypertension |
| most common childhood abdominal neoplasm affecting the kidney | wilm's |
| ballooning of the lower end of the ureter into the bladder | ureterocele |
| backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters | vesicoureteral reflux |
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