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CRCT GA Hist Rev
Ga History Review for the CRCT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who were the early inhabitants of Georgia? | Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, Mississippian |
| Which group arrived on North America first and how? | Paleo by the Bering Land Bridge |
| What are the 3 G's of exploration? | God, Glory, Gold |
| What was used to both spread Christianity and provide military security for the Spanish settlements in early Georgia? | Spanish Missions |
| Which European country came to settle another colony in the New World? | England |
| Which European country came to promote mercantilism, to send resources back to the mother country? | England |
| Which European country came to find gold and spread Christianity? | Spain |
| Which European country came to develop the fur-trade in the new world and to claim land? | France |
| What did King George II give the trustees in order to settle the 13th colony? | The Charter of 1732 |
| What were the 3 reasons for the founding of the 13th colony? | Charity, economics, and defense |
| He founded Georgia, he was one of 21 trustees to ask for a charter, he was a military man who defended the colony | James Oglethorpe |
| The Yamacraw Indians were the first native Georgians to meet with Oglethorpe. What was the name of their chief? | Tomochichi |
| What role did Mary Musgrove play in the development of Georgia as a colony? | She was an interpreter between Oglethorpe and Tomochichi |
| What city was the first planned city of Georgia? | Savannah |
| What role did the Salzburgers play in the development of Georgia as a trustee colony? | They provided military support, food, and work needed to keep the colony going. |
| What role did the Highland Scots provide in the development of Georgia as a trustee colony? | They provided military support on the southern borders of the buffer zone near Florida. |
| What was the main issue that caused the malcontents to want to break away from the trustees in Georgia? | They wanted slaves like South Carolina |
| What was the main purpose of the buffer in Georgia? | To keep the threat of Spanish from South Carolina where established plantations made money for the King. |
| When Georgia became a royal colony, who was in control of the colony? | King George III |
| Which land distribution system was used to give land to the colonists in the royal colony? | None, you could not own land in a royal colony. |
| What institution did Oglethorpe want to keep out of Georgia, but the King and the Royal governors allowed? | Institution of Slavery |
| What kind of legislature did the Royal Governors put in place during the colonial period? | Bicameral like Parliament |
| Which royal governor lasted the longest time? | Wright, the right man for the job. |
| What caused Wright to leave the office of Royal Governor of Georgia? | The Revolutionary War |
| Who was the first Royal Governor? | John Reynolds |
| Who was the Royal Governor who was also a scientist and became ill due to the climate? | Henry Ellis |
| What person or group is in power in a Royal Colony? | The King |
| Which act, hated by most colonies, was not so bad for Georgia? We actually made money on it. | Stamp Act |
| Which two countries were in conflict during the French and Indian War? | France and England |
| Which acts pushed us to the breaking point in the Revolutionary War, because it kept New England from trade with Europe? | Intolerable Acts |
| The Declaration of Independence was a message to who about what? | King George III, about complaints the colonists had against England and the fact that we are independent from the King and England. |
| Who were the Loyalists? What was another name for these colonists? | They remained loyal to England. Tories. |
| Who were the Patriots? What was another name for these colonists? | They were loyal to the colonies and wanted independence from England. Whigs. |
| Who was the leader of the Georgia militia at the Battle of Kettle Creek? | Elijah Clarke |
| What did Gwinnett, Hall, and Walton do that made them criminals in the eyes of the King? | Signed the Declaration of Independence |
| Give two reasons why Nancy Hart is important to Georgia History: | She was a heroine of the Revolution because she killed British soldiers, the only county named after a woman |
| What is important to know about Austin Dabney? | He was a slave, fought for his master in the Revolution, and saved Elijah Clarke's life. He was given land and a pension after the war. |
| What did the Proclamation of 1763 proclaim? | No colonists could settle west of the Appalachian Mountains after the French and Indian War. |
| What major impact on Georgia was seen after the French and Indian War? | Georgia received all lands to the Mississippi River, it tripled Georgia's territory. |
| Give reasons why the Siege of Savannah is important to Georgia History? | The British captured Savannah during the Revolutionay War and held it for almost 3 years. The capital was moved to Augusta. It also showed that some Georgians remained loyal to the King. |
| The first Constitution of Georgia was 1777. What national document did it mirror in relation to legislative powers. | It was based on the Articles of Confederation in that we had a unicameral legislature, and no real power for the executive branch. |
| Under the Articles of Confederation which branch had the most power? | The Legislature had all the power, judicial and executive were non-existant. |
| Explain the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. | Under the Articles states had more power than the nation as a whole. The rest of the world saw us as 13 individual nations. Also states fought among themselves. There was no defense, no money, no real national laws that could be regulated. |
| What was the situation with the Governor under the Constitution of 1777? | He was elected to a one-year term by the Legislative branch. He had little power. |
| What was Georgia's major reason for ratifying the Constitution? | They needed a strong central government to help with issues of our new territories to the Mississippi River, and Indian conflicts. |
| What was a major contribution of William Few? | He forced the tiebreaker vote for the Great Compromise which gave us the bicameral legislature. |
| Which two Georgians signed the Constitution of the US? | William Few and Abraham Baldwin |
| Which college was the first land grant university in the nation? | University of Georgia |
| Baptist churches sprang up around Georgia as the protestant was the primary religion in our state. Which church denomination used Circuit Riders as preachers to reach the frontier areas of Georgia? | Methodist |
| Which Georgia city was our third state capital? | Louisville |
| Which land distribution system gave white male head of households a set amount of land? | Headright system |
| Which land distribution system gave white men, and some women a chance to "win" an amount of land? | Land Lottery |
| Which land scheme ended up in firing the governor, and many legislators because they sold Georgia land to companies for pennies an acre? | Yazoo Land Fraud |
| Which mode of transportation was most important to the early settlers of Georgia? | Railroads |
| Which city became important because of railroads passing through the city and connecting to other cities? | Atlanta |
| Which invention caused the need for more land and more slaves? | Cotton Gin |
| How did the cotton gin lead to growth of Georgia? | More people moved here, slavery increased, land was used to grow cotton. |
| What was the prime event that led to the removal of Cherokee from Georgia? | Gold Rush in Dahlonega |
| Which Creek Chief was called to New York to sign a treaty that ended the Oconee War? | Chief McGillivray |
| Which Creek Chief was murdered because he sold the last of Creek Lands to his cousin? | Chief William McIntosh |
| John Marshall was the Supreme Court justice who ruled in favor of the Cherokees in this lawsuit that asked that Georgia leave the Cherokee alone. | Worcester V. Georgia |
| Who was president who signed the Indian Removal Act of 1730? | Andrew Jackson |
| Which Cherokee Chief went to Washington to try to rally support for the Cherokees to stay in Georgia? | John Ross |
| Which Cherokee developed the Syllabary to help Cherokee nations communicate as they were spread out over the southeast? | Sequoyah |
| What did the Cherokee call the forced removal of the Cherokee and other southern tribes after the Indian Removal Act was passed? | Trail of Tears |
| What evil institution was the primary cause for the Civil War? | Slavery Issues |
| If you had asked a southern state what was the cause of the civil war, what would they have told you? | The denial of state's rights |
| What crisis did South Carolina create that almost started the war early? | Nullification Crisis |
| Which compromise prior to the Civil War made it possible for Missouri to come in as a slave state and Maine to come in as a free state? | Missouri Compromise |
| Which compromise made it possible for California to come in as a free state, with no Slave state added? | Compromise of 1850 |
| What happened in California in 1849 that pushed the need for a new compromise? | California Gold Rush |
| What did Georgia politicians Robert Toombs, Alexander Stephens, and Howell Cobb push to make the Compromise of 1850 a benefit for the South as well as the North? | The Georgia Platform |
| What issue did the Georgia Platform address? | Returning runaway Slaves to owners in the south. |
| Why was Kansas known as Bleeding Kansas during this time? | Kansas and Nebraska could decide if they wanted to be free or slave so this set up battles between Freesoilers and Slave owners. |
| Which Supreme Court case about a slave who had lived in a free state, moved back to a slave state, and demanded his freedom edged the US closer to Civil War? | Dred Scott Case |
| What was the final straw for the South to break ties with the North and secede from the Union? | The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. |
| Who was a senator from Georgia, pushed for the Georgia Platform and Compromise of 1850 to ease tentions between the north and south, and ultimately became the Vice-President of the Confederacy? | Alexander Stephens |
| Which event signaled the beginning of the Civil War? | The firing on Ft. Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina |
| Which battle, the bloodiest one day battle in the war, is known for the release of the Emancipation Proclamation? | Antietam,MD |
| The Emancipation Proclamation was released during the Civil War. Lincoln freed all slaves where? | In the states that were at war with the US |
| The bloodiest battle on Georgia soil, lasted 3 days in September, 1863. What was this battle known as? | Chickamauga |
| The Union blockade of the coastline of Georgia, included Tybee Island. What was the name of the plan to blockade all southern ports? | Anaconda Plan |
| After Chickamauge, General Sherman remained in Atlanta for over 2 months. When his forces were together he started toward Savannah. What was this march called? | Sherman's March to the Sea |
| Sherman marched across the Coastal Plains toward Savannah, burning and destroying homes, buildings, and rail lines. What did Sherman call this strategy? | Total War |
| What was the name of the infamous POW camp for Union soldiers in southern Georgia? | Andersonville |
| The main purpose of this group of US Legislators was to make Georgia and the South pay for the devastation of the Civil War. | Radical Republicans |
| What type of worker has all or some of the farming equipment he might need to farm, but owns no land. He must rent from a landowner to be able to farm. | Tenant Farmer |
| What type of worker has none of the farming equipment he might need to farm, nor does he own land. He must promise to share the crop he raises with a landowner and is trapped in a cycle of poverty. | Sharecropper |
| Who devised the easiest Reconstruction plan for the south after the war? | Abraham Lincoln |
| Who devised the most rigid Reconstruction plan for the south after the war? | National Republicn Congress |
| The 13th Amendment did away with | Slavery in all states and territories of the US |
| The 14th Amendment provided for | equal citizenship for anyone born in the US |
| The 15th Amendment provided for | voting rights for all male citizens of the US |
| Henry McNeal Turner was one of the first | African American Legislators in Georgia |
| A white supremacist organization founded to prevent equal rights and opportunities for African Americans in the US | Ku Klux Klan |
| Legislators who were not allowed to stay in Milledgeville hotels during Reconstruction. | African American Legislators |
| Joseph E. Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John B. Gordon were powerful politicians in Georgia for over 40 years. What were they known as? | The Bourbon Triumvirate |
| This journalist traveled around the US promoting Georgia and other southern states as new and open for business to northern companies. What was his name? | Henry Grady |
| What did Henry Grady call southern states during this period? | The New South |
| An exposition to showcase what the southern cotton states had to offer to both northern and foreign businesses. | International Cotton Exposition |
| What did Tom Watson push through US Congress to help farmers in southern states? | RFD, Rural Free Delivery |
| Democrats who believed more in the Progressive movement were called this. | Populists |
| The first Female US Senator was this lady who took the seat of Tom Watson after his sudden death. | Rebecca Latimer Felton |
| Rebecca Latimer Felton felt strongly for many causes, but the two closest to her heart had to do with Women's rights, and alcohol. | Suffragists - Voting for Women Temperance Movement - Against the buying, selling, making, or distribution of Alcohol |
| In 1906, over 5000 people fought in the streets of Atlanta because of untruths printed in Atlanta papers. What was this called? | The 1906 Race Riot |
| The KKK not only targeted African Americans. During this time a Jewish man was tried, unfairly convicted, and lynched because of the death of a white girl named Mary Phagan? What was this man's name? | Leo Frank |
| Democrats gained total control of the state due to a system of counting votes. In this system the small rural counties had more cummulative power than the large counties. What was the name of this system? | County Unit System |
| First there was Slave codes that were laws or rules defining acceptable behavior of slaves and slave owners. After the Civil War these same codes were renamed what? | Black Codes |
| Black Codes were replaced with what laws during the Early Civil Rights period? | Jim Crow Laws |
| What is the practice of forbidding or hindering legal citizens from voting? | Disfranchisement |
| Racial violence was seen all across the south, what is the word that means illegal hanging by a mob? | Lynching |
| In Louisiana a man was forbidden entry into a white car, he was only 1/8 black but was still denied entry. What was this case called and what did the judges decide? | Plessy V. Ferguson - Separate is Equal |
| His famous speech was the Atlanta Compromise Speech, he was the founder of Tuskegee Instititue, he believed in economic power. | Booker T. Washington |
| He was an educator, John Hope's Friend, believed in the power of education, worked to start the NAACP, put forth the idea of the Talented Tenth. | W. E. B. DuBois |
| He was President of Atlanta University, son of a slave and plantation owner, and brough all of Atlanta's Black colleges together. | John Hope |
| She began the Neighborhood Union to help poor families in Atlanta, health clinics, schools, boys and girls clubs | Lugenia Burns Hope |
| He was born a slave, became a barber, bought real estate, then an Insurance Company, and died a millionaire | Alonzo Herndon |
| What was the 1914 reason for the beginning of World War I? | The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
| What was the 1917 reason for America to enter World War I? | The Zimmerman Telegram |
| List 3 ways Georgia contributed to the war efforts for World War I: | Cotton for Uniforms, tents, parachutes, food for soldiers, training bases for soldiers |
| Name two military installations used in Georgia during World War I: | Camp Benning, Fort McPherson |
| What two events caused the end of King Cotton for Georgia and the Southeastern US? | Boll Weevil infestation, prolonged drought |
| When soldiers returned from WWI they borrowed more than they could repay, many companies closed down, people bought stocks on credit (speculation), and working farms and companies had surplus goods. What did this cause? | The Great Depression |
| During the Depression Georgia had a governor who did not want President Roosevelt to bring "Socialist" programs into Georgia. What was his name? | Eugene Talmadge |
| Eugene Talmadge hated the New Deal. He also kept these labor organizations out of the state which kept labor cheap for companies. | Unions |
| Eugene Talmadge was a White Supremacist who favored farmers in the state and was a staunch _________ politician. | Democratic |
| The New Deal was a number of government programs aimed at solving problems of the citizens during the Great Depression. What was the nickname of these programs? | The Alphabet Programs |
| One New Deal Program was geared toward helping young single men find work in America. Their families would recieve the bulk of the their pay while the sons worked. What was the name of this program? | CCC - Civilian Conservation Corps |
| The government had to find a way to get farmers not to produce so much, and hopefully drive the price of produce and farm goods up. What was this program called? | AAA - Agricultural Adjustment Administration |
| Roosevelt noticed first hand that farmers did not have electricity when it was readily available to city dwellers. He devised a plan to pay farmer cooperatives to run electric lines to rural areas. What was this called? | REA - Rural Electrification Administration |
| Another Alphabet Program of the New Deal was a program to provide retirement benefits for elderly workers so young workers would have a job. What was this program called? | SSA - Social Security Administration |
| After WWI the US did not want to become involved in any other World Wars. When WWII began the US did not want to join the allies. What did they do instead? | They loaned or leased arms and equipment to the Allies. This was called the Lend-Lease Act. |
| America was able to stay isolated from WWII until the Japanese ran a surprise attack on a military installation in Hawaii. What was the name of the base they bombed? | Pearl Harbor |
| When was Pearl Harbor attacked and what did FDR call this date? | Sunday, December 7th, 1941; a date that will live in infamy |
| What 3 parts of the US Constitution are reflected/included in the GA Constitution? | The Preamble (introduction), Articles (establish the organization of the government), and Amendments (changes) |
| The US and Georgia governments were established with 3 different branches. What are they? | Executive, Legislative, and Judicial |
| The US and Georgia Constitutions have established procedures to ensure that none of the 3 branches gains too much power, and have procedures to limit the powers of each branch. What is that system called? | Checks and Balances |
| List 5 responsibilities assigned to ALL citizens of Georgia and the United States. | Follow the laws, report crimes, vote, serve on a jury, be well-informed on issues, respect the rights of others, serve in the military if called to do so, pay taxes, support your community, state and nation |
| In the 1940's, Governor Ellis Arnall lowered the minimum voting age. What had been the minimum voting age, and currently how old must you be in order to vote? | Prior to the 1940's you had to be 21 years old; since then, you must be at least 18 years old in order to vote. |
| What is a "Primary" Election? | An election that determines which Democratic candidate and whic h Republican candidate will compete against each other in the November general election. |
| If no candidate receives a simple majority of the votes during a primary election, what will happen next? | The candidates with the highest minority percentages of votes will compete against each other in a RUN-OFF election. |
| During which months are state-wide "general elections" held? | November of even number years. |
| What is a special election? And give an example of a special election in Georgia's past. | A special election occurs when an official cannot complete his/her term, and the GA Constitution does not allow someone to be appointed. An example: The Georgia gubenetorial election of 1946 when the GA Supreme Court called a special election. |
| The requirement for politicial parties is NOT established in either the US or Georgia consitution. List 5 roles of political parties in Georgia. | Opportunities for citizen participation; recruit & nominate candidates; help educate the electorate (voters) about issues; help their candidates win elections; promote discussion of important issues; monitor office holders; raise $ for candidates |
| In order to run for a seat in the Georgia House of Representatives, what are the minimum requirements for a candidate? | Must be at least 21 years old, a citizen of the US; a legal resident of the district for at least 1 year, Georgia resident for at least 2 years, and cannot be on active duty in the military. |
| When citizens are elected to the Georgia General Assembly, how many years is their term of office? | Both the GA Senate and the GA House of Representative members are elected for a 2-year term. They are elected during the general election of even numbered years. |
| What are the minimum requirements for someone who wants to run for a seat in the Georgia Senate? | Candidates must be at least 25 years old, a citizen of the US, legal resident of the district for at least 1 year, and resident of Georgia for at least 2 year, and not on active military duty. |
| What is the overall role/responsibility of the Georgia General Assembly? | To pass laws |
| In which chamber MUST any legislation regarding taxes begin? | The GA House of Representatives |
| When legislators are not meeting as a whole group in their chamber, they typically are meeting in ____________________, where much of the work and discussions of the Legislature happen. | Committees |
| Which chamber is the larger chamber of the Georgia General Assembly? | The House of Representatives -- it has 180 members |
| What does the term "bicameral" mean? | Two separate houses or chambers of legislators are required in order to pass a law |
| What title is given to the most important leader of the House of Representatives? | The Speaker of the House |
| What are the 3 most important responsibilities of the Georgia Speaker of the House? | Assigns legislators to committees, selects the heads of committees, and determines the topics that will be discussed |
| How does the Majority Leader of a chamber earn his/her job? | The Majority Leader must be a member of the political party that holds a majority of the seats in the chamber, and must be voted on by the members of the chamber. |
| The Governor of Georgia cannot participate in the law-making process in the General Assembly. What title is given to the person who represents the Goveror's issues and interests to the GA House of Representatives? | The Floor Leader |
| Which Georgian as a governor then as a US Senator helped to develop military installations in the state during all Worldwide conflicts? | Richard Russell |
| Which Georgian was known for his work with the US Navy in developing strategies to cover both Atlanta and Pacific Oceans? | Carl Vinson |
| Which aircraft builder was instrumental in delivering B-29 aircraft for WWII? | Bell Aircraft in Marietta |
| Name three bases that grew with demands from WWI to WWII? | Ft. Benning, Ft. McPherson, Ft. Gordon |
| Liberty ships were built by Georgians in which two deep water ports in Georgia? | Brunswick and Savannah |
| Before the Holocaust in Europe, Georgians had a checkered past as to our relationship with the Jewish race. After the Holocause what changed? | Georgians became more sympathetic to the racist treatment of Jews around the world. |
| What New Deal Program was created because of visits by FDR to Warm Springs? | REA - Electricity for rural farmers |
| The REA brought two things to Georgia's rural areas. What were they? | Electricity and jobs to build the electrical cooperatives that provided the electricty |
| After World War II, the state saw a decrease in the number of farms in Georgia. Where did the people of Georgia move and what did they do? | They moved to urban and suburban areas and worked directly in industries or in service to those who worked in industries |
| If the farms decreased, did the amount of production from the farms decrease? Why or why not? | The production increased due to soil conservation, seed hybridization, motorized tractors, and education in the study of agriculture. |
| What crops did Georgia become nationally known for during the Post WWII era? | Vidalia Onions, peaches, peanuts, pecans, soybeans |
| What three animals does Georgia raise to sell on national markets? | Cows, Pigs, Chickens |
| Post World War II Atlanta developed due to which modes of transportation? | Airport, Interstate Highways, Railroads |
| William B. Hartsfield helped to develop Atlanta Airport which was later named in his honor. What name was given to Hartsfield to celebrate his contributions to the Airport? | Father of Aviation in Atlanta |
| Mayor Hartsfield coined a phrase to show the world that Atlanta was turning away from its racists-hateful past, what was the phrase? | "Atlanta, A City Too Busy to Hate" |
| Which Atlanta mayor served longer than any other Atlanta mayor and guided us through the Great Depression? | William B. Hartsfield |
| Which Atlanta Mayor was known for his stance against Jim Crow Laws, segregation, and being an advocate for Civil Rights Legislation? | Ivan Allen, Jr. |
| Ivan Allen, Jr. was most widely praised by sports enthusiasts for this development in Atlanta. | He brought the Braves, Hawks, and Falcons to Atlanta making us a true Major League State. |
| Mayor Allen also showed he was for progress in Civil Rights when he gave equality to these two groups of public servants. | Firemen and Policemen |
| Which Governor in Post WWII Georgia saw to the accreditation of University of Georgia system after the Cocking Affair? | Ellis Arnall |
| What voting adjustment did Ellis Arnall make after WWII when he saw young soldiers coming home and not being able to vote? | Changed the voting age in Georgia to 18 years old. |
| The main impact of Ellis Arnall may be seen in how other states regarded Georgia. List several ways this happened. | Removed the "tobacco road" image of Georgians being moonshiners, made improvements to education, allowed African Americans to vote in primaries |
| Georgia has several "constitutional offices", or offices that are required by the constitution and who are elected by the voters. What are the titles of the Constitutional Offices? | Attorney General, Secretary of State, Commissioners/Secretaries of Labor, Agriculture, Insurance, Education, and the Public Service Commission |
| What are the major responsibilities of the 5 elected members (from different regions) of the Public Service Commission? | To regulate utilities (telecommunications, natural gas, electricity) and advocate for consumers. |
| Which constitutional officer is responsibile for the accuracy of the Georgia state flag and overseeing all elections in Georgia? | The Secretary of State |
| What are the qualifications (requirements) that a candidate must meet in order to be elected as Governor or Lt. Governor? | Must be at least 30 years old, a US citizen for at least 15 years, and a resident of GA for 6 years. |
| How long is a "term" of office for Constitutional Officers? | They are elected to a 4-year term |
| Which member of the executive branch is the only officer with limitations on his/her terms of office? | The Governor |
| How many consecutive terms can a governor serve. | Only 2 consecutive terms can be served, but a governor who has already served 2 consecutive terms can run again after sitting out for 4 years. |
| What are the formal duties of a governor? | Serve as head of state and commander-in-chief of the GA National Guard; appoint leaders to executive offices, use veto power, deliver an annual state of the state speech, and draft a budget each year. |
| Who selects the chairpersons for committees in the Georgia Senate? | The Lt. Governor |
| What is the only circumstances under which the Lt. Governor may vote on a piece of legislation? | When there is a tie vote in the Senate. |
| What are the formal duties of a governor? | Serve as head of state and commander-in-chief of the GA National Guard; appoint leaders to executive offices, use veto power, deliver an annual state of the state speech, and draft a budget each year. |
| Who selects the chairpersons for committees in the Georgia Senate? | The Lt. Governor |
| What is the only circumstance under which the Lt. Governor may vote on a piece of legislation? | When there is a tie vote in the Senate. |
| What is the overal responsibility of the Executive Branch? | To enforce laws passed by the Legislature, to supervise programs and services offered by the state, and to administer funding for services that are provided by the state. |
| How many days does a regular session of the Georgia General Assembly last? | 40 days -- from early January until the end of March |
| What is the most powerful "check" that the governor has over the legislature? | Veto Power |
| What are the 2 largest sources of revenue for the state of Georgia? | Income Tax is the largest, followed by sales tax. |
| What are of the state's budget receives the largest expenditure of revenue? | Education -- receives over 50% of all of the state's revenue |
| What are the 2 types of courts in Georgia? | The trial courts and appellate courts |
| Which Georgia courts are appellate courts? | The Georgia Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals |
| Which 3 courts are considered the highest level courts in Georgia? | The GA Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, and the Superior Court |
| How are judges selected in Georgia? | Georgia judges may be either elected or appointed, depending on the type of court. |
| What is the difference between civil law and criminal law. | Civil law is concerned with issues between individuals or groups; criminal law involves the suspected breaking of a Georgia law |
| What is the responsibility of a grand jury? | A grand jury evaluates evidence against an accused person to determine if there is enough evidence for the judicial proceedings to continue. A Grand Jury does NOT establish guilt or innocense. |
| What is a felony? | A felony has occured if the punishment for breaking a law is more than 1 year in prison and the fine more than $1,000 |
| Are misdemeanors tried in criminal courts, civil courts, or both? | Misdemeanors are only tried in criminal courts. |
| What are the most important responsibilities of Georgia's courts? | To ensure laws are consistent with the state consitution (interpreting the laws), protect the legal/civil rights of citizens (due process), and establish guilt or innocense in a legal situation. |
| Which court will handle the legal issues related to a deceased person's will? | Probate Court |
| What is the title of the person who represents the government (state or local) in a criminal trial? | The Prosecutor |
| What procedure can citizens follow to settle a dispute outside of the courtroom? | Mediation |
| Which governor elect died before he could take office in 1947? | Eugene Talmadge |
| What did E. Talmadge's death set up as a bizarre event in Georgia History? | The Three Governor Controversy |
| In 1962, the US Supreme Court ruled that the denial of citizens to vote in a primary went against the one man-one vote statue. Which law denied citizens the right to vote in the primary? | County Unit System, also called the Neill Primary Act |
| Which Supreme Court Case overturned Plessy V Ferguson? | Brown V Board of Education |
| The most famous Civil Rights Leader of the mid 19th century, from Atlanta, believed in change through non-violence | Martin Luther King, Jr. |
| Two men who were the main influence in the life of Dr. King | Benjamin Mays, Mahatma Ghandi |
| After Brown V Board of Education Georgia legislators decided to change our state flag to show resistance to the new court ruling and integration. What flag did we go back to? | The Civil War Battle Flag |
| What is a special purpose district? | A type of local government that provides one service, such as education or air transportation. |
| What is a SPLOST? | A Special Purpose Local Option Sales Tax -- a local sales tax added to help fund a Special Purpose District. |
| What is the governing board of any of Georgia's 159 counties called, and what title is given to the leader of that board? | The governing board for a county is the County Board of Commissioners, which hs headed by the Chairman of the Board of Commissioners (which is elected by the people of the county). |
| What are the 3 different types of city governments in Georgia? | 1. A "strong mayor" structure 2. A "weak mayor" structure 3. A "council-manager structure" |
| How are local governments funded? | Sales taxes, property taxes, license fees, ordinance fees, and somtimes SPLOSTs |
| What gives a "strong mayor" so much power? | Strong Mayors vote on legislation, make decisions that impact the city, and have control over the budget and expenditures. Weak mayors do not have any of these "executive" powers. |
| How does a city government with a council-manager structure operate? | The City Council hires a city manager who makes daily decisions regarding the operation of the city. |
| What document allows local governments to exist? | The Georgia Constitution establishes the procedures for creating local governments |
| What type of legal document is required when a local government is created? | A Charter -- it is approved by the Georgia Legislature |
| Why do we have local governments in Georgia? | To provide services that people need in their every-day lives |
| What are some of the services that local governments provide? | Education, transportation, road construction and maintenance, public safety (fire and police services), animal control AND administer funds and programs provided by the State government |
| What does it mean when a juvenile is declared unruly? | The youth has placed him/herself in dangerous situations and the juvenile court system has stepped in to help protect the youth |
| What is a delinquent act? | Any action taken by a juvenile that breaks a law |
| What is a status offense? | A law that juveniles MUST follow that adults do not have to follow: truancy, breaking curfew, no alcohol or tobacco usage, canot run away from home obey all LEGAL instructions of parents or guardians. |
| During which era of Georgia's history was the juvenile justice system originally established? | During the Progressive Era (late 1800's and early 1900's) |
| What is the MAJOR purpose of the juvenile justice system? | To help and protect juveniles and their families |
| What rights do juveniles have when they are taken into custody? | All of the rights available to adults through the US and Georgia Constitutions |
| When a juvenile is suspected of breaking a law, he/she is NOT arrested. What term is used to describe a youth being taken into custody to begin the "Due Process"? | Intake Decision is the term that is used, not arrested. |
| Which governor created the Sibley Commission to see how Georgians felt about integration? | Ernest Vandiver |
| This Civil Rights movement sought to do away with all segregation in the town of Albany, GA. | Albany Movement |
| Which organization founded by college students in North Carolina branched off of the SCLC and practiced sit ins at luncheon counters? | SNCC |
| In most cases accused juvenile trials occur in Juvenile Courts. If a juvenile is accused of committing one of the 7 Deadly Sins, which court will hear the case? | Superior Court |
| If a youth is accused of committing one of the 7 Deadly Sins, will the youth be tried as a juvenile, an adult, or will that be decided by a judge? | Any youth accused of committing one of the 7 Deadly Sins will automatically be tried as an adult. |
| Are there jurors in a juvenile trial? | No -- Juvenile Courts are "judge only" courts |
| What were the major crops produced in Georgia when it was a Proprietary Colony through the Revolutionary War years? | tobacco, indigo, rice, and mulberry trees were grown to support the silk industry |
| After the Revolutionary War, the rice and indigo fields of coastal Georgia were in ruins. Which 2 crops were the major cash crops? | Cotton and Tobacco |
| What term describes the importance of cotton to the southern economy during the Antebellum era? | King Cotton |
| How did the new railroads support the cotton industry in Georgia during the Antebellum Era? | Railroads were used to transport cotton from the farms to cities, factories, or to the ocean ports for shipment to Europe. |
| Charlayne Hunter Gualt and Hamilton Holmes were the first two African Americans to do what? | Enroll at the University of Georgia. This paved the way for Integration in the University System of Georgia (all Georgia public universities and colleges). |
| There were several Civil Rights Acts that occurred in our nations history. The first was in 1875. In what year was the last and most far reaching Civil Rights Act? | 1964 |
| What major national event, spearheaded by Dr. King happened just before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted? | The 1963 March on Washington |
| Following the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, thousands of black citizens registered to vote in Georgia in 1973 our first African American Atlanta Mayor was elected. What was his name? | Maynard Jackson |
| Also during this time of growth in Civil Liberties, the old south ideas of segregation came back with the election of a White Supremacist Governor who had once owned a restaurant. Who was this? | Lester Maddox |
| Lester Maddox, who had run as a White Supremacists Democrat, became more liberal in his views once in office. What two things prove this point? | He placed many African Americans in state jobs that had historically been white. He provided security for Dr. King's funeral in Atlanta. |
| Which African American group first followed Dr. King's non-violent tecniques, but later became more militant under leaders like Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown? | SNCC-Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee |
| This man made a huge impact on Atlanta as an U. S. Congressman, U. S. Ambassodor, Mayor of Atlanta, and spokesman for Olympics. | Andrew Young |
| This legislation was passed after the March on Selma in 1964. | Voting Rights Act of 1965. |
| The Georgia Legislator who was instrumental in the founding and management of the SNCC | John Lewis |
| In 1962, the US Supreme Court found this law/system unconstitutional because it denied the one-man one-vote right found in the 14th amendment. | County Unit System |
| This is the method of drawing congressional districts in a state or nation to make sure that all citizens are represented fairly. Based on population. This is done every 10 years after a census. | Reapportionment |
| One of the miracles of this man's rise to politician in south Georgia was that he beat out a very popular politician backed by a group of Democrats called a political machine. | Jimmy Carter, when he became state senator |
| In this position, Jimmy Carter, saw the need to combine or do away with many state offices. | As Governor |
| In this position, Jimmy Carter, calmed rising Middle East disagreements with inviting Egypt and Israel to the US to sign a peace agreement. | As President |
| What was the name of the peace agreement signed by the leaders of Egypt and Israel. | The 1978 Camp David Peace Accords |
| Jimmy Carter has worked tirelessly for this throughout the world since his office as president of the US ended. | Civil Rights and Human Rights |
| For many years Georgia had only one party in political races of all levels. What was this party? | Democrat |
| What was the primary cause for the one party political scenario in Georgia? | County Unit System |
| The end of the County Unit System in 1962 paved the way for new ways to reapportion representation in Georgia. No more just all male, all white, or all Democrat. What system ended during this time? | The One-Party system |
| In the summer of 1996 Atlanta became the focus of the world with this athletic mega event. | 1996 Summer Olympics |
| List three ways the Olympics helped the economy of Georgia | Tourism (restaurants and hotels), workers were needed to build the arenas and dorms, sales taxes paid on all items purchased |
| After the Olympics, Georgia saw a rise in immigrant communities in our metropolitan area. How are these population important to our state? | New immigrants mean new taxpayers and means a growing economy for our state. |
| Give the hemispheres where Georgia may be found on Earth | Northern - above Equator Western - West of Prime Meridian |
| Name the continent we live on | North America |
| Within in US, if divided into 4 sections, which section of the US would we live? | Southeastern |
| Which physiographic region of Georgia can we find the highest point in the state? | Blue Ridge, Brasstown Bald |
| Which is the largest physiographic region of the state, and what is it known for? | Coastal Plains, Agriculture |
| Which is the most populous region of the state? | Piedmont |
| Which is the smalled region and is home to Cloudland Canyon? | TAG Corner, or Appalachian Plateau |
| Which region is home to Dalton, Georgia, the Carpet Capital of the World? | Ridge and Valley |
| Which natural feature separates the flat Coastal Plains from the rolling hills of the Piedmont? | The Fall Line |
| What freshwater wetland is seen as a tourist attraction and refuge for many types of birds and reptiles in the southeastern Coastal Plains area? | Okefenokee Swamp |
| This area of the Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, and Appalachian Plateau provide most of the fresh water for our state. | Appalachian Mountains |
| Two of our longest border rivers that form the borders with Alabama on the west and South Carolina on the east are the ______ and _______ Rivers | Chattahoochee and Savannah |
| The most important function of the Barrier Island is to protect the mainland from _____. | Erosion |
| What is statistics of the general temperature and precipitaion of a region kept year to year? | Climate |
| Georgia started as a colony because of its position just south of an established colony in which state? | South Carolina |
| Georgia grew and prospered as farmers in the rich soil and long growing periods thanks to the climate of this region | Coastal Plains |
| Georgia grew as a trade center thanks to our location and climate at these two cities | Brunswick and Savannah |
| During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Georgia grew due to the low taxes, cheap labor, and _________________. | Mild Climate |
| What do the transportation systems that travel through our state, or dock at our ports provide for the citizens of Georgia? | Domestic and International Goods |
| What is the name of Georgia's International Airport located in Atlanta? | Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport |
| What do the four modes of transportation in Georgia provide ______ for Georgia citizens and tax money for Georgia government. | Jobs |
| These four modes of transportation also provide _____________ and _________ products for our citizens. | Domestic and Foreign |
| National and International companies build business in Georgia due to our 4 modes of _____. | Transportation |
| List the 4 modes of transportation that Georgia can boast about. | Interstate Highways 95,85,75,20 International Airport Deepwater Ports at Savannah and Brunswick Railroads |
| What type of document is produced by the Georgia General Assembly that permits the organization of a local government? | a charter -- a charter is to a local government what the state constitution is to Georgia |
| Which type of local government provides one single service to the people? | A special purpose district -- such as an airport, bus line, school districts or special hospitals such as Grady Hospital in Atlanta |
| What is the MOST IMPORTANT function of local governments? | To provide services to the people and administer programs (and sometimes $$$$)required by the state government |
| What is the name of the governing body for all 159 counties in Georgia? | The County Board of Commissioners |
| What title is given to the highest ranking member of a Board of Commissioners? | The Chairman of the Board of Commissioners -- that position is directly elected by the people |
| The City Mayor:City Council as The Chairman of the Board: ___________ | Board of Commissioners |
| What makes a "weak-mayor" form of local government so weak? | A "weak mayor" has no decision making power; no budget/money management authority, no veto power, etc. He/she is a "figure head" |
| How is a council-manager form of local government different from cities with either a weak or strong mayor? | In a council-manager form of government, the city council hires a manager to handle the daily decisions/work of the city. |
| Which branch of government most closely matches the function of local governments? | The Legislative Branch -- city councils and boards of commissioners pass laws for their districts, so they mostly function as a legislative branch. |
| What is a synonym for "municipal"? | city |
| What is the definition of "delinquent behavior"? | A law broken/crime committed by a juvenile |
| What is the definition of a "status offense"? | A status offense is the breaking of a status law by a juvenile -- laws that juveniles MUST follow that adults do not have to follow -- such as truancy, keeping the state curfew, running away from home, etc. |
| What is unruly behavior? | Behavior in which a youth places himself in a risky or dangerous environment and without parental approval. A youth may be determined to be "unruly" by a juvenile judge and placed in protective custody of the juvenile courts. |
| Name some of the consequences that judges can require of youth who go through the juvenile process? | Foster care; removal of a child from the parents/home; placement in a youth detention facility; or the youth may be placed in the care of a court-appointed guardian |
| What rights are available to youth who are accused of breaking a law or who are under the protection of the juvenile courts? | All rights given to adults under the US and Georgia Constitutions are assured to youth in the juvenile system. |
| If a judge determines a youth can be tried as an adult, which court will hear the case? | Superior Court |
| Which court automatically hears the case of a juvenile who has been accused of commmitting one of the 7 Deadly Sins? | Superior Court |
| Who can determine whether or not a youth will be tried in juvenile court or in a higher court? | The judge assigned to the case can make that decision |
| Which Georgia crops were the most prominent during its colonial era? | Tobacco, rice, indigo and mulberry trees to support silk production |
| Why did rice and indigo production decline after the Revolutionary War? | The coastal rice and indigo fields were in destroyed during the Revolutionary War. |
| Prior to the American Revolutionary War, silk production was successful in Georgia. Why did its prouctivity decline? | During the royal colony years, farmers were not required to grow mulberry trees & harvest the silk worms; but the climate was wrong for the silk worms, and they had planted the wrong variety of mulberry trees |
| Which two labor-intensive crops were Georgia's biggest cash crops during the early 1800's? | Cotton and tobacco |
| Which invention resulted in Georgia's almost exclusive reliance on cotton during the Antebellum era? Why? | Eli Whitney's cotton gin - more cotton could be harvested at the end of the season, so farmers could grow more cotton |
| What term describes enormous reliance the South's economy placed on cotton? | King Cotton |
| Which pest destroyed Georgia's cotton crops during the early 1900's? | The Boll Weevil |
| What is the name of Georgia's most famous company that began in the late 1800's under the leadership of Asa Candler? | Coca-Cola |
| What economic impact did World War I and World War II have on Georgia? | Many jobs became available because so many military facilities were located in Georgia. |
| After which event did Georgia's economy become industrialized (not agricultural based) for the first time? | World War II |
| When Georgia's agriculture was finally diversified, which products (other than cotton and tobacco) made Georgia famous? | peaches, pecans, peanuts, wheat, poultry/broilers, onions, soy beans, apples |
| What are Georgia's 4 major industries? | Agriculture (crops and livestock), fishing, mining, and transportation |
| What are Georgia's 4 main transportation systems? | Shipping (deep water ports from Savannah and Brunswick); highways and interstates (for truck transit); rail systems, and air systems |
| What is another term for "Free Trade"? | Capitalism |
| What is profit? | Profit is the money earned after all expenses are paid OR Profit = Income - Expenses/Costs |
| What is the major motivation for an entrepreneur? | Profit or Income Potential |
| What is the most important quality or characteristic needed by an entrepreneur? | Ability to take risks |
| What guarantee does an entrepreneur have that he/she will earn money from a business opportunity? | None--there is risk involved |
| Arthur Blanc is an entrepreneur. Which Georgia company did he start? | Home-Depot |
| Who are the 3 early entrepreneurs that took the Coca-Cola company from a drink in a drug store to a multi-billion dollar global enterprise? | John Pemberton (who was a Confederate general during the Civil War), Asa Candler, and Robert Woodruff |
| What are the major sources of income for Georgia's government? | Property taxes and sales taxes |
| Why are federal grants important to Georgia's state budget? | When it receives a federal grant, Georgia receives money for a program, and that money is distributed through the executive branch. It is money that does not come from business or personal taxes. |
| What term is used to describe money that a person receives for wages, salaries, etc. | Income |
| What is credit? | A system of purchasing in which an individual borrows money so that he/she can receive a product. Purchasing something "on credit" requires the money be repaid plus interest |
| In economics, what is interest? | The money paid (in addition to the cost of a product) for the opportunity to borrow money. Interest rates are agreed upon at the beginning of a transaction. |
| What is investing? | Money spent with the expectation of earning more than the original investment value. |
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geohist