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Chapter 11 S1
Chapter 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Cells must control gene expression so that | a. their genes will only be expressed when needed ’ |
| 2. Cells control the expression of their genes | d. All of the above.’ |
| 3. In prokaryotic cells a group of genes that code for functionally related proteins is a(n); | c. operon.’ |
| 4. The function of an operator is to; | a. regulate access of RNA polymerase to structural genes.’ |
| 5. A repressor protein; | b. blocks movement of RNA polymerase toward structural genes.’ |
| 6. Inducer molecules allow transcription to proceed by; | d. changing the shape of repressor proteins.’ |
| 7. In order for RNA polymerase to attach to a DNA molecule,; | a. the RNA polymerase must recognize a promoter.’ |
| 8. What type of gene codes for a repressor protein?; | a. regulator’ |
| 9. Which enzyme’s action is prevented by the presence of a repressor protein?; | c. RNA polymerase’ |
| 10. Where on the lac operon does a repressor molecule bind when lactose is absent?; | a. to the operator’ |
| 11. The lac operon is shut off when; | b. lactose is absent’ |
| 12. An inducer molecule functions by; | c. removing a repressor molecule from an operator.’ |
| 13. repressor : operator ::; | c. RNA polymerase : promoter’ |
| 14. The portions of DNA molecules that actually code for the production of proteins in eukaryotes are Called; | b. exons. |
| 15. In eukaryotes, the noncoding portions of DNA are called; | c. introns. |
| 16. After mRNA has been transcribed,; | d. All of the above |
| 17. A sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule that aids in arranging RNA polymerase in the correct position on the promoter is called a(n); | d. enhancer. |
| 18. Which of the following is not part of morphogenesis?; | d. the formation of a zygote |
| 19. Which of the following is not characteristic of homeoboxes?; | c. They determine what species of organism will develop from a zygote. |
| 20. A substance that causes cancer is known as a; | b. carcinogen. |
| 21. Metastasis is characterized by; | b. spread of malignant cells beyond their original site. |
| 22. Cells grow and divide at an abnormally high rate in; | b. cancer |
| 23. An oncogene; | d. may cause a cell to become a cancer cell. |
| Transcription and translation are stages in the process of; | gene expression |
| Cells must regulate gene expression so that genes will be ____________________ only when the proteins are needed.; | ANS: transcribed |
| The process of gene expression may be initiated by a(n) ____________________.; | ANS: inducer |
| The first stage of gene expression is called ____________________.; | Transcription |
| 5. A(n) ____________________ is a group of genes in a bacterial cell that code for proteins with related functions.; | ANS: operon’ |
| 6. A(n) ____________________ protein is a molecule that prevents transcription by blocking the path of RNA polymerase along a molecule of DNA.; | ANS: repressor’ |
| In certain bacteria, the gene that codes for the production of the enzyme that digests lactose is switched on in the presence of lactose. In this case, lactose acts as a(n) ____________________.; | ANS: inducer’ |
| Nucleotide segments of a eukaryotic DNA molecule that make up genes and are actually expressed in the phenotype of the organism are called ____________________.; | exons’ |
| 9. Portions of eukaryotic genes that actually get translated into proteins are called; | ANS: exons’ |
| 10. Genes may be made more accessible to RNA polymerase by a sequence of nucleotides called; | ANS: enhancers’ |
| 11. As an organism grows from a zygote, certain genes in each cell are allowed to be expressed and others are not. This process is called ____________________ and results in the development of a characteristic form in an organism.; | ANS: differentiation’ |
| 12. In Drosophila, ____________________ genes contain regions within them called __________________, each of which controls the morphogenesis of a particular part of the Drosophila larva.; | ANS: homeotic, homeoboxes’ |
| 13. The presence of the same or very similar ____________________ sequences in Drosophila and in mice suggests that all eukaryotic organisms may have similar ways of regulating their development.; | ANS: homeobox’ |
| 14. Environmental agents that can cause defects in genetic material are called ____________________.; | ANS: mutagens’ |
| 15. Cancer occurs as a result of disorders in cell ____________________.; | ANS: division’ |
| 16. A gene that, when mutated, can cause a cell to become cancerous is called a(n) ____________________.; | ANS: proto-oncogene’ |
| 1. The X andY chromosomes are called the | c. sex chromosomes. |
| 2. Down syndrome : nondisjunction :: | b. male : XY chromosomes |
| 3. female : XX :: | d. male : XY |
| 4. Which of the following is the best explanation for the observation that females rarely get the disease hemophilia? | c. A female could get the disease only by having a mother who is a carrier and a father who has the disease. Since most males with the disease do not survive to reproductive age, this is an extremely unlikely event. |
| 5. In a mating between two parental types, one of which is homozygous dominant for two linked traits and one of which is homozygous recessive for the same two linked traits, evidence of crossing-over would be apparent? | c. F2 |
| 6. Which of the following is not true of chromosome maps? | c. They depict absolute distances between genes on a chromosome. |
| 7. A mutation caused by a piece of DNA breaking away from its chromosome and becoming attached to a nonhomologous chromosome is called | d. translocation. |
| 8. A change in a gene due to damage or incorrect copying is called | d. a mutation. |
| 9. The effects of a mutation can be | d. All of the above |
| 10. A diagram in which several generations of a family and the occurrence of certain genetic characteristics are shown is called a | c. pedigree. |
| 11. A family record that indicates the occurrence of a trait is a | c. pedigree. |
| 12. Which of the following traits is controlled by multiple alleles in humans? | b. blood type |
| 13. What would be the blood type of a person who inherited an A allele from one parent and an O allele from the other? | a. type A |
| 14. In humans, the risks of passing on a genetic disorder to one’s children can be assessed by | d. All of the above |
| 15. Genetic counseling is a process that | d. All of the above |
| A geneticist observed that a certain disease was found equally in males and females and that all children who had the disease had parents who also had the disease. The gene coding for this disease is probably | d. autosomal dominant. |
| 17. If both parents carry the recessive allele that causes cystic fibrosis, the chance that their child will develop the disease is | b. one in four. |
| 18. If a characteristic is sex-linked, it | a. occurs most commonly in males. |
| 19. Since the allele for colorblindness is located on the X chromosome, colorblindness | c. is sex-linked. |
| 20. People with Down syndrome have | c. 47 chromosomes. |
| 21. The sex of an offspring is determined by | b. the father. |
| 22. If nondisjunction occurs, | c. a gamete will receive too many or too few copies of a chromosome. |
| 23. Consider a cross between a homozygous white-eyed female Drosophila and a red-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of the female offspring would be expected to be white-eyed? What proportion of the male offspring would be expected to be white-eyed? | a. none; all |
| 1. The X and Y chromosomes are called the ____________________ chromosomes. | ANS: sex |
| 2. In humans, the genotype XX results in a(n) ____________________. | ANS: female |
| 3. Linked genes can be separated from each other in meiosis if ____________________ occurs. | ANS: crossing-over |
| 4. When traits do not appear according to the expected ratio in offspring, ____________________ may have occurred. | ANS: crossing-over |
| 5. When a piece of chromosome attaches itself to a nonhomologous chromosome, the resulting mutation is called a(n) ____________________. | ANS: translocation |
| 6. A mutation in which remaining codons are grouped incorrectly is called a(n) ____________________ mutation. | ANS: frameshift |
| 7. A(n) ____________________ trait is one in which males and females can show different phenotypes even when they have the same genotype. | ANS: sex-influenced |
| 8. Spontaneous changes in genetic material are called ____________________. | ANS: mutations |
| 9. Identifying patterns of inheritance within a family over several generations is possible by studying a diagram called a(n) ____________________. | ANS: pedigree |
| 10. ____________________, in which a defective gene is replaced with a healthy gene, is a treatment being developed for genetic disorders. | ANS: Gene therapy |
| 11. A person who is heterozygous for a recessive disorder is called a(n) ____________________. | ANS: carrier |
| 12. By studying a(n) ____________________, genetic counselors can study how a trait was inherited over several generations. | ANS: pedigree |
| 13. A genetic disorder resulting in defective blood clotting is ____________________. | ANS: hemophilia |
| 14. Phenylkenonuria (PKU) is a genetic disease in which an individual lacks a(n) ____________________ responsible for converting the amino acid phenylalanine into the amino acid tyrosine. | ANS: enzyme |
| 15. A trait that is determined by a gene found only on the X chromosome is said to be ____________________. | ANS: sex-linked |
| 16. In humans, the genetic disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21 is called ____________________. | ANS: Down syndrome |
| 17. The failure of replicated chromosomes to separate is called ____________________. | ANS: nondisjunction |
| The partially completed pedigree below is for a family with a genetic disorder. 18. Refer to the illustration above. The father listed in the pedigree is most likely ____________________ for the trait. | ANS: heterozygous |
| 19. Refer to the illustration above. Child 3 probably has a(n) _________________________ phenotype. | ANS: homozygous recessive |
Created by:
hbazzi13