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Chapter 3.2- history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bill of Rights | first ten amendments to the Constitution meant to protect civil rights |
| Freedom of speech, the press, to petition, to assemble | rights protected by the first amendments |
| Right to Bear Arms | right protected by the second amendment that was considered crucial to maintaining ready militias in the 1700s |
| Searches and seizures | the fourth amendment protects citizens against illegal searches and seizures |
| Quartering | housing soldiers in private homes, restricted by the third amendment |
| Due process | under the fifth amendment, the government must obey the laws governing criminal and civil proceedings before it can put someone in jail or strip them of their property |
| Double Jeopardy | under the fifth amendment, a defendant may not be tried twice for the same crime once they have be acquitted (found not guilty) |
| Self-incrimination | under the fifth amendment, a defendant may not be forced to testify in their criminal trial |
| Eminent domain | the government’s power to take private property for public use, the government cannot take a citizens property without paying “just compensation” |
| Rights of the accused | rights of those accused of a criminal or civil offense that are protected under the sixth and seventh amendment |
| Public and speedy trial by jury | the right to have a group of an accused person’s peers decides his or her guilt or innocence, rather than a single government official |
| Excessive/bail fines | the eighth amendment protects those who are charged with a crime and arrested from having to pay exercise bail, as well as those who are convicted of a crime from having to pay excessive fines |
| Cruel and unusual punishment | the eighth amendment prohibits punishing those convicted of a crime by methods that are considered unreasonable cruel, harsh, or unusual for the crime |
| The First Amendment | guarantees citizens the right to free speech, the press, to petition and to assemble, it also protected freedom of religion and establishes the principle of separation of church and state through the free exercise clause |
| The Second Amendment | guarantees the right to bear arms |
| The Third Amendment | restricts quartering of federal troops in the homes of US citizens |
| The Fourth Amendment | protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures |
| The Fifth Amendment | clearly defines criminal proceedings by which a person may be arrested and charged with a crime |
| The Sixth Amendment | protects the rights of the accused, this includes the right to a public and speedy trial by jury |
| The Seventh Amendment | extends this right to a trial by jury to civil cases as well |
| The Eighth Amendment | protects those arrested or found guilty of a crime |
| The Ninth Amendment | simply says that the rights specifically mentioned in the Bill of Rights are not necessarily the only ones enjoyed by the people |
| The Tenth Amendment | says that those powers are not restricted by the Constitution, nor delegated to the US government, are reserved for the states, the Constitution grants the states the authority to decide certain matters of law |