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Chem Grem Ch 4
Compounds $ Bonds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Octet Rule | needs 8 valence electron to be stable. **atoms that are not noble gases form octets*** no noble gases(have no octet) |
| Ionic Bond | Transfer(lose/gain) -> ("Attraction" betw opposite charged ions) |
| Covalent Bonds | Sharing |
| Ionic Compound( ex. NaCl) | has pos & neg ions, held together by strong attraction between opposite charged ions, high melting point,solids, |
| Subscripts | represents the number of positve & negative electron that give overall charge of zero |
| Positive charge of ion | equal to group number EX; group 1A= 1+, 2A= 2+ |
| Ionic Formula | pos & neg ions, neutral,has charge balance(total pos chrg= total neg chrg),symbol metal written first then non metal |
| write ionic formula | Ba2+Cl- write symbol w/ions balance charges(2Cls needed) BaCl2 |
| naming Ionic compounds w/2 elements | Identify cation & anion, cation first, followed by anion w/ide ending. |
| 6 form more than 1 type Ion | Cr-Chromium, Fe-Iron, Cu Copper,Au gold,Sn-Tin,Pb-Lead |
| Non metal Ions (ionic comp w/2elements) | when non metals are formed into ions, change the end name to "ide" Ex; NaCl= sodium Chloride |
| Metals that form more 1 cation | C**Use roman numeral to name ionic charge*** Chromium Cr, Copper Cu, Iron Fe,Tin Sn,Lead Pb,Gold Au Ex; Copper(II)sulfide=Cu2S |
| Polyatomic Ions | group of Atoms, has overall ionic charge, Ex: OH- Hydroxide NO-3= Nitrate |
| Covalent Compounds | Electrons are shared,2non metals,groups 14-17, each atom has complete outer shell(octet) or duet(hydrogen) |
| Duet | Hydrogen shell |
| Hydrogen Molecule | stable w/2electrons(helium),has shared pr of electrons, |
| naming covalent compounds | prefixes are used to name atoms |
| mono | 1 |
| Di | 2..... |
| Tri | 3..... |
| Tetra | 4...... |
| Pentra | 5... |
| hexa | 6.... |
| hepta | 7..... |
| octa | 8.... |
| nona | 9.... |
| deca | 10 |
| Electronegativity | attraction for an atom of shared electron *increase left to right gng across period on periodic table,high nonmetals, Fuorine highest, low for metals |
| Non Polar Covalent Bonds | *(0.0-0.4)**between non metals,unequal sharing electrons,no electronegativity |
| Polar Covalent Bond | ***(0.5-1.7)****non metal,unequal share electrons |
| Properties of Ionic Bonds | ****(1.8-higher)**** between metal & nonmetals, electron transfer |
| Tetrahedral shape | 4 bonds |
| Prymadial | 3 bonds |
| bent shape | 2 bonds |
| VSPER | VALENCE SHARE ELECTRON PAIR REPULSION THEORY arranged apart,least amt repulsion |
| Polar molecules | has polar bonds,has separation w/pos & neg charge w/dipole |
| NonPolar Molecules | contain non polar bonds or has symetrical arrangement( bonds that are identical) O=C=O H-H |
| Dipole Dipole attractions | covalent & polar molecules, form strong bonds, F,O,N very electronegativity |
| Dispersion forces | weak attractions between non polar molecules,temp dipoles develop w/electrons arent distributed equally |
| strongest/Hydrogen | Ionic, Hydrogen are stronger than dipoles |
| Dipoles | separation of positive & neg charges in polar bonds indicated by an arrow from more pos to neg atom |
| Dipole in polar covalent bond | subtract number, higher number - sign lower number + sign |
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