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Chapter 10- Nervous

QuestionAnswer
central nervous system-CNS brain spinal cord
peripheral nervous system-PNS cranial nerves spinal nerves
autonomic nervous system carries impulsesnfrom the central nervous system to organs
sympatheic nerves stimulate body under stress
parasympathetic nerves balance sympathetic system
neuron individual nerve cell
ganglia small clusters of nerve cell bodies
glia cells maintain health of nervous system do not transmit impulses
acetylcholine neurotransmitter
afferent nerve carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord
arachnoid membrane middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord
astrocyte type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries
autonomic nervous system nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs.
axon microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell
blood-brain barrier blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
brainstem lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord
cauda equina collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord
cell body part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus
cerebellum posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance
cerebral cortex outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain.
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord
cerebrum largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity
dendrite microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to recieve the nervous impulse.
dura mater thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord
ependymal cell glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid
efferent nerve carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord
ganglion/ganglia collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
glial cell or neuroglial cell suppportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses.
gyrus sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex.
hypothalamus portion of the brain beneath the thalamus
medulla oblongata part of the brain just above the spinal cord
meninges three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
microglial cell phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system
motor nerve carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs
myelin sheath covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell
nerve macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers that carry electrical impulses.
neurotransmitter chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell
oligodendroglial cell glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons.
parasympathetic nerves involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions
parenchyma essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system
peripheral nervous system nerves outside the brain and cord
pia mater thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges.
plexus large, interlacing network of nerves
pons part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain.
Created by: cathyjones13
 

 



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