Behavior that violates significant social norms

A mark of of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society

The social scientists who study criminal behavior

Views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of society

The situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable

Explains deviance as a natural occurence

Cultural Transmission Theory

Explains deviance as a learned behavior

Differential Association

Refers to the frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondeviant individuals

Techniques of Neutralization

When people suspend their moral beliefs to commit deviant acts

Theory that focuses on how individuals come to be labeled as deviant

Nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority

Results in the individual being labeled as deviant and accepting the label as true

The process of labeling an individual as deviant

Any act that is labeled as such by those in authority, is prohibited by law, and is punishable by the government

Crime that is committed by an individual or individuals of high social status in the course of their professional lives

A large scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence

Criminal-Justice System

The system of police, courts and corrections

The power held by police officers to decide who is actually arrested

The practice of assuming that nonwhite Americans are more likely to commit crime that white Americans

The process of legal negotiation that allows an accused person to plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence

The sanctions such as imprisonment, parole, probation, and community service used to punish criminals

The term for repeated criminal behavior

Developed the major functionalist explanation, strain theory

A conflict theorist which said the ruling classes label any behavior that threatens their power as deviant

A leading control theorist, which said people develop strong social bonds in four ways

First proposed the concept of differential association

Influenced laboring theory heavily

Sociologist which made Degradation Ceremony

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Chapter 8

Deviance and Social Control

Question	Answer
Deviance	Behavior that violates significant social norms
Stigma	A mark of of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society
Criminologist	The social scientists who study criminal behavior
Strain Theory	Views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of society
Anomie	The situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable
Control Theory	Explains deviance as a natural occurence
Cultural Transmission Theory	Explains deviance as a learned behavior
Differential Association	Refers to the frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondeviant individuals
Techniques of Neutralization	When people suspend their moral beliefs to commit deviant acts
Labeling Theory	Theory that focuses on how individuals come to be labeled as deviant
Primary Deviance	Nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority
Secondary Deviance	Results in the individual being labeled as deviant and accepting the label as true
Degradation Ceremony	The process of labeling an individual as deviant
Crime	Any act that is labeled as such by those in authority, is prohibited by law, and is punishable by the government
White-Collar Crime	Crime that is committed by an individual or individuals of high social status in the course of their professional lives
Crime Syndicate	A large scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence
Criminal-Justice System	The system of police, courts and corrections
Police Discretion	The power held by police officers to decide who is actually arrested
Racial Profiling	The practice of assuming that nonwhite Americans are more likely to commit crime that white Americans
Plea Bargaining	The process of legal negotiation that allows an accused person to plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence
Corrections	The sanctions such as imprisonment, parole, probation, and community service used to punish criminals
Recidivism	The term for repeated criminal behavior
Robert K. Merton	Developed the major functionalist explanation, strain theory
Richard Quinney	A conflict theorist which said the ruling classes label any behavior that threatens their power as deviant
Travis Hirschi	A leading control theorist, which said people develop strong social bonds in four ways
Edwin Sutherland	First proposed the concept of differential association
Edwin Lemert	Influenced laboring theory heavily
Howard Becker	Influenced laboring theory heavily
Harold Garfinkel	Sociologist which made Degradation Ceremony

Created by: Moni.Stallworth

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