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Chem Grem Ch 3
Atoms & Elements
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pure Substance | 1 type of substance definite composition cant be separated by physical processes |
| Pure Substance Element | Cant be separated into simplier sustances by chemical means ex: copper Cu, Lead Pb, Aluminum Al |
| Pure Substance Compound | Can be separated into simplier substances by chemical means Ex: salt, table sugar |
| Mixtures | 2 or more types of substances r physically NOT chemically mixed variable composition Can be separated by physical process |
| Homogeneous Mixtures (solution) | composition is uniform thru out,dif parts mixture not visible *once mixed cant separate* Ex: koolaid |
| Heterogeneous Mixtures | compostion of substances not uniform, comp varies from one part mixture to another Ex: pennies in a bag..dont know what ur grabbing |
| Elements | Pure substances that cant be separated into simplier substances by ordinary lab processes & building blocks of matter |
| Symbol | represents name of the element consists of 1 or 2 letters starts with a capital letter |
| Physical properties of Elements | are Observed & measured w/out changing its identity ie; shape, color,odor,taste,density, melting/boiling point |
| Periodic Table | Elements arranged by similiar properties |
| Groups (periodic table) | contain elements w/similiar properties in vertical columns |
| Periods (periodic tables) | horizontal rows of elements |
| Group 1 | Alkali metals: Lithium (L) Sodium(Na) Potassium (K) |
| Group 2 | Alkaline Earth Metals Ex: Magnesiun(Mg) Calcium(Ca)Barium (Ba) |
| Group 7 | Halogens Chlorine(Cl) Iodine(I) Flourine(F)Bromine(Br) |
| Group 8 | Noble Gases Helium(He)Neon(Ne)Argon(Ar) |
| Zig Zag line info | starts @Boron (B) ends @Astatine(At) separates metals(left)& non metals(Right)Metalloids located on zigzag |
| zigzag line elements | B,Si,Ge,As,Sb,Te,Po,At |
| Metals | Shiny, ductile, good conductor heat & electricity |
| Non Metals | dull, brittle, poor conductors, good insulators. |
| Metalloids | better conductors than non metals,as good as metal,used as semi conductors & insulators |
| Daltons Atomic theory | atoms are tiny particles of matter elements r similiar & different form other elements, 2+ diff elements combine to form compound rearranged to form new combos in chem.reaction |
| Subatomic Particles | found in atoms;Protons= + Electron= - Neutron= Neutral charge **like charges repel & unlike charges attract** |
| Atom Structure | Nucleus that contains protons & neutrons & electrons in the lrg empty space around nucleus |
| Atomic Mass scale | 1 mass unit(amu)has mass = to 1/12 of mass of carbon-12 atom proton= 1.007(amu) Neutron=1.008(amu) Electron= 0.000549(amu) |
| Atomic Number | specific for each element same for all atoms of an element = to # of protons in an atom, gives # of elecrons appears above symbol of an element |
| Examples of Atomic # & Protons | Hydrogen has atomic # of 1; every H atom has 1 proton Carbon has atomic # of 6; every C atom has 6 protons Copper(Cu) has atomic # 29; every Cu atom has 29 protons |
| Electron in Atoms | an atom of an element is electrically neutral;the net charge is zero! atom has = # of protons & electrons *number of protons = number of electrons* if element has 13 protons & 13 electrons the net charge is zero |
| Mass Number | represents the number of particles in the nucleus # of P+ N+ = mass |
| Isotopes | atoms with the same element but different mass number hv same # protons but diff # of neutrons |
| Atomic Symbol | represents a particular atom of an element gives mass # in upper left corner & atomic # in lower left corner; gives # of protons, neutron & electrons |
| proton | 1+ charge found in nucleus 1AMU |
| neutron | 0 charge 1AMU found n nucleus |
| electron | 1-neg charge 0.0005(1/2000)AMU fond outside nucleus |
| AMU atomic mass unit (Dalton) | defined as 1/12th of the Carbon atom w/6protons & 6 neutron, P+ N+ determine atomic mass) |
| Atom | smallest particle of element that retains the characteristics |
| Energy Levels | closest to nucleus lowest energy levels. 2n2(L2) is formula where n is. 2(2)2= 2(4)= E3- 2(3)2=2(9)=18 |
| Valence Electrons | outermost electron, highest energy levels & are related to the group # of element Group 1- # valence electrons=1 |
| Calculating Atomic Mass | % Isotope abundance divided by 100 X mass of isotope |
| Orbital | 3 dimensional space aropund nucleus ***can hold up t0 2 electron*** has shape that represents electron density |
| S- Orbital | has spherical shape around nucleus & found in each energy level |
| P-orbital | has a 2-lobed shape1 of 3 P orbitals in each energy level from n=2 |
| Electron Level arrangement | found only in first 18 elements |
| Electron Dot Symbol | shows valence electrons around the symbol element. Group 1A-4A =1 dot group 5A-7A= use pairs & single dot |
| Atomic size( atomic radius) | distance from nucleus to valence electrons....on periodic table- left to right decreases & top to bottom increase size...biggest in size bottom left corner |
| Ionized energy | energy it takes to remove a valence electron. Metals hv lower Ionization, nonmetals hv higher ionization |
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