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Cicarelli Chapter 6
Section 2 Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| can be defined as an active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage. | Memory |
| What is the Information Process Modeling in order. | Encoding, Storage, Retrieval |
| Model information is simultaneously stored across an interconnected neural network that stretches across the brain. | Parrell Distributing Processing PCP |
| is the visual sensory memory, in which an afterimage or icon will be held in neural form for about one fourth to one half of a second. | Iconic memory |
| is the auditory form of sensory memory and takes the form of an echo that lasts for up to four seconds | Echoic Memory |
| is where information is held while it is conscious and being used. It holds about 7 plus or minus 2 chunks of information and lasts about 30 seconds without rehearsal | Short-Term Memory |
| Information is grouped for storage in short-term memory through the process of | Chunking |
| is the system in which memories that are to be kept more or less permanently are stored, and is unlimited in capacity and relatively permanent in duration | Long Term Memory |
| Information that is more deeply processed, or processed according to meaning, will be retained and retrieved more efficiently. | Long Term Memory |
| are memories for skills, habits, and conditioned responses | Procedural memories |
| are memories for general facts and personal experiences and include both semantic (facts, information) memories and episodic (autobiographical) memories | Declarative Memories |
| are difficult to bring into conscious awareness, while explicit memories are those that a person is aware of possessing | Implicit memories |
| is organized in the form of semantic networks, or nodes of related information spreading out from a central piece of knowledge. | LTM |
| model of memory organization that assumes information is stored in the brain in a connected fashion, with concepts that are related stored physically closer to each other than retrieval cue a stimulus for remembering. | Semantic network model |
| memory is an idea of learning and recalling that is based upon the physiological and mental state of the organism | State Dependent |
| are words, meanings, sounds, and other stimuli that are encoded at the same time as a new memory | Retrieval Cues |
| occurs when physical surroundings become encoded as retrieval cues for specific memories | Encoding specificity |
| memories formed at particular times and/or in particular places will be easier to recall at the same times and/or in the same places | Context-dependent learning |
| occurs when physiological or psychological states become encoded as retrieval cues for memories formed while in those states. | State-dependent learning |
| researchers had students who were learning to scuba dive in a pool also learn lists of words while they were either out of the pool or in the pool under the water (Godden & Baddeley, 1975). | State-dependent learning |
| information at the beginning and the end of a list, such as a poem or song, tends to be remembered more easily and accurately. | Serial Position Effect |
| When given a list of items to remember, people tend to do better at recalling the first items on the list. | Primary Effect |
| Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called | flashbulb memories |
| The brain structure involved in the functioning of new long-term semantic and episodic memories is the | hippocampus |
| The phenomenon in which memories are not lost, but are transformed into something at least partly different from what they were originally is | reconstructive memory |
| is a condition in which a person's identity and relationships are affected by memories which are factually incorrect but are strongly believed | false memory syndrome |
| is the creation of false or inaccurate memories through suggestion, especially while hypnotized | False memory syndrome |
| is a type of memory retrieval in which the information to be retrieved must be “pulled” out of memory with few or no cues | Recall |
| involves matching information with images or facts. o Tip of The Tongue - one feels as though one knows information but can only generate bits and pieces (e.g., recalling a name | Recognition |
| refers to apparent loss of information already encoded and stored in an individual's long term memory | forgetting |
| Most people have difficulty actually recognizing the correct image of the Lincoln penny. The most likely cause of this problem is | Encoding Failure |
| Because of this he is given electroconvulsive shock therapy. After treatment, he is sent home and does much better. However, his TV-watching behavior is strange. Malcolm thinks that last year's episodes of his favorite series are new. Malcolm is showing s | Retrograde Amnesia |
| Type of Amenisa from Altzheimers | anterograde amnesia |
| is a neurologic disease characterized by loss of mental ability severe enough to interfere with normal activities of daily living, lasting at least six months, and not present from birth | Alzheimer’ |
| Who said psuedo, or false memories, could be cread by hypnosis. | Dr. Elizabeth Bowman |
| Who provided evidence of the constructive processing view. | Loftus and Hyman |
| Worlds leading researcher of recall memories and leading witness in Ted Bundy trial, eyewitness. | Elisabeth Loftus |
| Information moves from sensory memory to STM through the process called | Selective Attention |
| a central executive that controls and coordinates visual and auditory memories. | Working Memory |
| process information in the short term memory | Working Memory |
| ability to access a visual memory over a long period of time, photograhic memory. | Eidetic Imagery |
| Duration is a 1/4 of second. | Iconic Memory |
| Duration 2 to 4 seconds | Echoic Memory |
| Who said psuedo, or false memories, could be cread by hypnosis. | Dr. Elizabeth Bowman |
| Who provided evidence of the constructive processing view. | Loftus and Hyman |
| Worlds leading researcher of recall memories and leading witness in Ted Bundy trial, eyewitness. | Elisabeth Loftus |
| Information moves from sensory memory to STM through the process called | Selective Attention |
| a central executive that controls and coordinates visual and auditory memories. | Working Memory |
| process information in the short term memory | Working Memory |
| ability to access a visual memory over a long period of time, photograhic memory. | Eidetic Imagery |
| Duration is a 1/4 of second. | Iconic Memory |
| Duration 2 to 4 seconds | Echoic Memory |
| Procedural Memory | Impicit Memory |
| Remembering words, science concepts that be pulled out of LTM are what kind memories. | Explicity Memories |
| attributed to fact that last word or twowas just heard and is still in short-term memory for easy retrieval. | Recency Effect |
| long term memories that seem to enter permanent storage with little or no effort at all. | Automatic Encoding |
| I could have told you that, Monday morning quarter back. | Hindsight Bias |
| Spacing out ones study sessions to retain information in long term memory. | Distributive Practice |
| the tendency for older learned material to interfere with retrival of newer more recently learned material. | Proactive Interference |
| When newer information interfere with the retrieval of older information. | Retroactive Interference. |
| Where memories of fear is stored | Amygdala |
| Both STM and LTM memories are stored in this are but in different spots | Frontal and Temporal Lobes |
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